Introduction
Tumor therapy resistance through decreased inter- und intracellular drug concentrations
Background
Direct transfer of drug transporters
Modulation of MDR gene expression by exosomal miRNA/mRNA transfer
Reduction of intra- and intercellular drug concentration by exosomes
Tumor therapy resistance through exosome-mediated interference with cell cycle and DNA repair
Background
Change in apoptotic homeostasis
Anti-apoptotic signalling mediated by miRNA
miRNA | Effects | Cancer type | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Pro-oncogenic | |||
miR-222 | PTEN inhibition- > anti-apoptotic p27/kip inhibition- > cell cycle progression | breast cancer gastric cancer non-small lung cancer hepatocellular carcinoma | |
miR-485-3p | increased transcription of topoisomerase IIα, multidrug resistance gene 1, cyclin B2- > increased survival, drug resistance, DNA repair | prostate cancer rhabdomyosarcoma lymphoblastic leukemia | |
miR-100 | interference with HIF1α signalling anti-apoptotic | breast cancer melanoma | |
miR-23a | activation of MAPK signalling/inhibition of Sprouty2- > therapy resistance, migration, invasion | breast cancer | |
Anti-oncogenic | |||
miR-145 | growth inhibition- > down-regulation of c-myc and Erk5 | colorectal cancer B-cell lymphomas gastric cancer | |
miR-34a | pro-apoptotic inhibition of cKit/ stemness markers (CD44, BMI-1) | colorectal cancer prostate cancer | |
let 7 a-c | regulates RAS oncogene | lung cancer breast cancer | |
miR-15/16 | inhibition of bcl2/ CDK1/CDK2 expression | leukemia (CLL) prostate cancer |