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Erschienen in: Der Nephrologe 2/2019

18.02.2019 | Hämolytische Anämien | Leitthema

Thrombotische Mikroangiopathie und Niere

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. H. Haller

Erschienen in: Die Nephrologie | Ausgabe 2/2019

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Zusammenfassung

Die thrombotische Mikroangiopathie (TMA) ist eine schwere Erkrankung, die sich in einer Vielzahl von klinischen Manifestationen darstellen kann. Sie ist charakterisiert durch eine Thrombozytopenie, eine hämolytische Anämie, eine Mikroangiopathie und, damit verbunden, Organschaden durch Ischämie und Gewebsuntergang. In den letzten Jahren sind die molekularen Mechanismen der unterschiedlichen Formen der TMA besser verstanden worden und haben zu einer neuen Klassifikation der Erkrankung geführt. Man unterscheidet die thrombotische thrombozytopenische Purpura (TTP), das atypische hämolytisch-urämische Syndrom (aHUS) und die infektassoziierte TMA (STEC-HUS). Daneben kann die TMA durch unterschiedliche exogene Faktoren wie Medikamente ausgelöst werden. Häufig ist bei der TMA die Niere betroffen, aber es können auch neurologische, pulmonale und kardiovaskuläre Störungen auftreten. Die TMA ist mit einer hohen Morbidität und Mortalität verknüpft. Eine frühe systematische Diagnostik und die rasche Einleitung einer supportiven Therapie können, zusammen mit neuen Behandlungsmethoden, die Prognose der Erkrankung deutlich verbessern. Im Folgenden werden die Klassifikation der Erkrankung dargestellt, die Pathologie erörtert sowie die Pathogenese und die verschiedenen Ansätze der Therapie dargestellt.
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Metadaten
Titel
Thrombotische Mikroangiopathie und Niere
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. H. Haller
Publikationsdatum
18.02.2019
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Nephrologie / Ausgabe 2/2019
Print ISSN: 2731-7463
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7471
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11560-019-0320-4

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