Background
Methods
Country (Site) | Year | School Response Rate (%) | Class Response Rate (%) | Student Response Rate (%) | Overall Response Rate (%) | Number of 3rd Year Students |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AFRICAN REGION (AFR) | ||||||
Algeria | 2007 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 78.0 | 78.0 | 1,088 |
Kenya | 2008 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 73.0 | 73.0 | 227 |
Niger | 2008 | 80.0 | 100.0 | 77.7 | 62.1 | 754 |
Uganda | 2005 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 85.3 | 85.3 | 154 |
EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION (EMR)
| ||||||
Egypt* | 2005 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 93.9 | 93.9 | 1,770 |
Gaza Strip/West Bank | 2007 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 92.3 | 92.3 | 81 |
Iran | 2007 | 90.2 | 100.0 | 50.8 | 45.9 | 1,065 |
Iraq | 2005 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 81.3 | 81.3 | 247 |
Lebanon | 2006 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 70.0 | 70.0 | 254 |
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya | 2006 | 90.0 | 100.0 | 77.9 | 70.1 | 1,488 |
Saudi Arabia | 2006 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 62.6 | 62.6 | 481 |
Sudan | 2007 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 64.5 | 64.5 | 591 |
Syrian Arab Republic | 2006 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 90.7 | 90.7 | 1,170 |
Tunisia | 2007 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 68.2 | 68.2 | 686 |
EUROPEAN REGION (EUR)
| ||||||
Albania | 2005 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 93.2 | 93.2 | 136 |
Armenia | 2006 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 90.0 | 90.0 | 177 |
Bosnia & Herzegovina | 2006 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 94.4 | 94.4 | 421 |
Croatia | 2005 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 98.5 | 98.5 | 395 |
Czech Republic | 2006 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 94.7 | 94.7 | 690 |
Kyrgyzstan | 2008 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 92.7 | 92.7 | 112 |
Lithuania | 2006 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 64.6 | 64.6 | 221 |
Russian Federation | 2006 | 77.8 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 77.8 | 1,797 |
Serbia | 2006 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 81.6 | 81.6 | 775 |
Slovakia | 2006 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 91.9 | 91.9 | 378 |
Slovenia | 2007 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 69.9 | 69.9 | 142 |
REGION OF THE AMERICAS (AMR)
| ||||||
Argentina | 2005 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 85.9 | 85.9 | 306 |
Bolivia* | 2006 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 97.1 | 97.1 | 2,380 |
Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) | 2006 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 78.5 | 78.5 | 761 |
Chile | 2008 | 95.7 | 100.0 | 82.8 | 79.2 | 1,075 |
Costa Rica | 2006 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 279 |
Cuba (Havana) | 2008 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 80.2 | 80.2 | 477 |
Guatemala | 2008 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 72.3 | 72.3 | 351 |
Jamaica | 2008 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 65.5 | 65.5 | 107 |
Mexico* | 2006 | 93.3 | 100.0 | 83.4 | 77.8 | 2,226 |
Panama | 2008 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 85.7 | 85.7 | 285 |
Paraguay | 2008 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 89.1 | 89.1 | 396 |
Peru* | 2006 | 94.4 | 100.0 | 97.4 | 92.0 | 1,373 |
Uruguay | 2008 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 98.1 | 98.1 | 346 |
SOUTH-EAST ASIA REGION (SEAR)
| ||||||
Bangladesh* | 2006 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 77.0 | 77.0 | 777 |
India* | 2005 | 86.7 | 100.0 | 89.1 | 77.2 | 1,176 |
Indonesia* | 2006 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 77.4 | 77.4 | 1,580 |
Myanmar | 2006 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 87.5 | 87.5 | 1,430 |
Nepal* | 2005 | 83.3 | 100.0 | 74.9 | 62.5 | 327 |
Sri Lanka | 2006 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 78.0 | 78.0 | 617 |
Thailand | 2006 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 63.8 | 63.8 | 781 |
WESTERN PACIFIC REGION (WPR)
| ||||||
Cambodia | 2005 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 65.3 | 65.3 | 111 |
South Korea* | 2006 | 82.4 | 100.0 | 53.3 | 43.9 | 741 |
Viet Nam | 2007 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 88.9 | 88.9 | 1,423 |
Ethical Considerations
Results
Student Characteristics
Current Cigarette Smoking | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
GHPSS Medical Students | MPOWER 2008 Adult | |||
Country (Site) | Male % (95% CI) | Female % (95% CI) | Male % (95% CI) | Female % (95% CI) |
AFRICAN REGION (AFR)
| ||||
Algeria | 23.7 (21.3 - 26.2) | 3.0 (2.5 - 3.7) | 28.7 (26.3 - 31.2) | 0.2 (0 - 0.4) |
Kenya | 10.9 (8.0 - 14.8) | 8.7 (5.9 - 12.6) | 22.2 (19.4 - 24.9) | 0.9 (0.5 - 1.3) |
Niger | 42.2 (37.9 - 46.7) | 15.0 (9.6 - 22.8) | NA | NA |
Uganda | 4.1 (2.7 - 6.3) | 0 | 15.7 (13.6 - 17.8) | 1.2 (0.8 - 1.5) |
EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION (EMR)
| ||||
Egypt | 12.9 (9.9 - 16.5) | 1.2 (0.5 - 3.0) | 22.7 (20.7 - 24.7) | 3.5 (2.5 - 4.5) |
Gaza Strip/West Bank | 39.1 (33.8 - 44.6) | 9.4 (6.8 - 12.8) | NA | NA |
Iran | 11.6 (9.0 - 14.9) | 2.8 (1.9 - 4.0) | 21.4 (17.5 - 25.4) | 1.7 (1.1 - 2.2) |
Iraq | 20.4 (17.2 - 24.1) | 15.1 (12.5 - 18.2) | 25.2 (21.1 - 29.3) | 1.3 (0.4 - 2.1) |
Lebanon | 36.1 (31.8 - 40.7) | 18 (14.4 - 22.3) | 29 (24.2 - 33.9) | 6.9 (2.7 - 11.2) |
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya | 22.3 (20.1 - 24.6) | 1.9 (1.4 - 2.7) | NA | NA |
Saudi Arabia | 13.1 (10.0 - 16.9) | 9.6 (6.2 - 14.8) | 25.2 (21.4 - 28.9) | 3.0 (1.2 - 4.8) |
Sudan | 19.6 (15.9 - 23.9) | 1.3 (0.8 - 2.3) | NA | NA |
Syrian Arab Republic | 24.3 (23.3 - 25.3) | 4.8 (4.2 - 5.5) | 41.2 (16.5 - 65.9) | NA |
Tunisia | 26.5 (22.7 - 30.7) | 4.1 (3.2 - 5.4) | 47.4 (44.7 - 50.1) | 1.0 (0.6 - 1.4) |
EUROPEAN REGION (EUR)
| ||||
Albania | 65.1 (59.8 - 69.9) | 35.7 (32.8 - 38.7) | 39.6 (26.6 - 52.7) | 3.9 (0.6 - 7.2) |
Armenia | 52.5 (41.7 - 63.0) | 8.3 (5.2 - 13.1) | 52.9 (45.2 - 60.5) | 4.0 (1.5 - 6.5) |
Bosnia & Herzegovina | 45.0 (43.0 - 47.0) | 37.8 (36.4 - 39.2) | 48.8 (42.3 - 55.3) | 32.0 (26.3 - 37.8) |
Croatia | 35.9 (31.5 - 40.4) | 37.1 (34.1 - 40.3) | 37.5 (35.7 - 39.3) | 25.4 (24.3 - 26.5) |
Czech Republic | 26.2 (21.9 - 30.9) | 19.8 (17.2 - 22.5) | 35.9 (29.4 - 42.5) | 23.4 (16.4 - 30.3) |
Kyrgyzstan | 50.0 (45.5 - 54.5) | 27.9 (24.8 - 31.3) | 45 (36.9 - 53.2) | 2.2 (1.3 - 3.0) |
Lithuania | 48.6 (39.7 - 57.7) | 19.5 (15.8 - 23.8) | 44.4 (37.3 - 51.5) | 17.6 (15.0 - 20.2) |
Russian Federation | 46.1 (44.2 - 48.1) | 34.9 (33.5 - 36.2) | 70.2 (59.2 - 81.3) | 23.2 (16.7 - 29.7) |
Serbia | 31.2 (28.7 - 33.8) | 36.7 (34.9 - 38.6) | 41.4 (36.5 - 46.3) | 40.4 (35.7 - 45.1) |
Slovakia | 36.5 (33.6 - 39.4) | 27.9 (26.2 - 29.6) | 41.4 (34.4 - 48.4) | 18.5 (13.2 - 23.8) |
Slovenia | 22.5 (15.9 - 30.8) | 20.2 (16.0 - 25.1) | 29.6 (23.6 - 35.5) | 19.9 (15.1 - 24.7) |
REGION OF THE AMERICAS (AMR)
| ||||
Argentina | 33.4 (30.4 - 36.4) | 36.5 (34.1 - 39.1) | 34.3 (30.8 - 37.8) | 22.7 (20.0 - 25.4) |
Bolivia | 50.3 (43.9 - 56.7) | 31.7 (24.9 - 39.4) | 35.7 (27.8 - 43.6) | 27.3 (24.0 - 30.6) |
Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) | 19.5 (17.5 - 21.6) | 14.6 (13.1 - 16.3) | NA | NA |
Chile | 27.1 (25.5 - 28.9) | 29.3 (27.5 - 31.3) | 42.2 (33.7 - 50.7) | 30.1 (25.2 - 35.0) |
Costa Rica | 38.6 | 29.3 | 26.7 (22.5 - 30.9) | 7.3 (5.8 - 8.9) |
Cuba (Havana) | 41.1 (38.0 - 44.3) | 21.2 (19.1 - 23.5) | 37.0 (22.4 - 51.6) | 27.3 (20.8 - 33.8) |
Guatemala | 27.5 (23.4 - 32.1) | 17.8 (14.6 - 21.6) | 24.8 (20.8 - 28.9) | 3.9 (3.0 - 4.8) |
Jamaica | 12.5 (7.1 - 21.2) | 4.2 (2.1 - 8.0) | 17.7 (9.9 - 25.5) | 7.5 (5.0 - 9.9) |
Mexico | 41.3 (36.0 - 46.8) | 30.8 (24.7 - 37.6) | 37.6 (30.2 - 45.0) | 12.4 (8.9 - 15.9) |
Panama | 11.2 (8.7 - 14.1) | 11.1 (9.2 - 13.5) | NA | NA |
Paraguay | 25.3 (23.2 - 27.7) | 19.9 (18.1 - 21.8) | 33.2 (29.4 - 37.0) | 14.4 (12.2 - 16.5) |
Peru | 43.5 (36.2 - 51.1) | 22.2 (16.7 - 28.8) | NA | NA |
Uruguay | 31.3 (29.5 - 33.2) | 32.4 (31.2 - 33.7) | 36.6 (32.2 - 41.0) | 25.8 (22.1 - 29.6) |
SOUTH-EAST ASIA REGION (SEAR)
| ||||
Bangladesh | 46.5 (37.6 - 55.6) | 4.4 (1.2 - 14.1) | 41.0 (33.2 - 48.8) | 0.7 (0.3 - 1.1) |
India | 17.7 (14.5 - 21.3) | 2 (0.9 - 4.2) | 25.8 (20.8 - 30.8) | 0.6 (0.4 - 0.8) |
Indonesia | 19.8 (12.5 - 29.7) | 2.3 (1.2 - 4.5) | 61.8 (54.3 - 69.3) | 3.7 (3.3 - 4.2) |
Myanmar | 24.7 (23.5 - 26.1) | 1.2 (0.9 - 1.6) | 42.5 (37.0 - 47.9) | 10.1 (9.0 - 11.2) |
Nepal | 34.5 (13.1 - 64.7) | 4.0 (1.2 - 12.5) | 25.2 (20.4 - 30.0) | 22.4 (15.3 - 29.5) |
Sri Lanka | 8.6 (7.0 - 10.7) | 1.1 (0.7 - 1.8) | 24.4 (19.6 - 29.1) | 0.4 (0.2 - 0.7) |
Thailand | 1.0 (0.5 - 2.1) | 3.0 (2.1 - 4.3) | 37.3 (32.9 - 41.8) | 3.0 (2.9 - 3.1) |
WESTERN PACIFIC REGION (WPR)
| ||||
Cambodia | 9.2 (6.0 - 13.9) | 0.0 | 30.3 (26.5 - 34.1) | 10.8 (10.0 - 11.6) |
South Korea | 22.5 (18.1 - 27.5) | 3.5 (1.6 - 7.2) | 53.8 (51.4 - 56.1) | 5.6 (4.9 - 6.4) |
Viet Nam | 20.8 (19.7 - 21.9) | 2.6 (2.3 - 3.0) | 42.0 (36.4 - 47.6) | 1.9 (1.2 - 2.5) |
Tobacco Use
Current cigarette smokers | Current users of other tobacco products | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Country (Site) | Year | Total % (95% CI) | Male % (95% CI) | Female % (95% CI) | P-Value | Total % (95% CI) | Male % (95% CI) | Female % (95% CI) | P-Value |
AFRICAN REGION(AFR)
| |||||||||
Algeria | 2007 | 9.0 (8.1 - 9.9) | 23.7 (21.3 - 26.2) | 3.0 (2.5 - 3.7) | 0.0000 | 4.1 (3.6 - 4.7) | 11.0 (9.5 - 12.8) | 1.1 (0.8 - 1.5) | 0.0000 |
Kenya | 2008 | 9.8 (7.7 - 12.5) | 10.9 (8.0 - 14.8) | 8.7 (5.9 - 12.6) | 0.3497 | 4.9 (3.5 - 7.0) | 5.1 (3.2 - 8.1) | 4.9 (2.9 - 8.1) | 0.8937 |
Niger | 2008 | 37.7 (33.9 - 41.7) | 42.2 (37.9 - 46.7) | 15.0 (9.6 - 22.8) | 0.0000 | 27.7 (22.0 - 34.3) | 41.9 (31.4 - 53.3) | 18.6 (12.6 - 26.8) | 0.0006 |
Uganda | 2005 | 2.8 (1.8 - 4.2) | 4.1 (2.7 - 6.3) | 0.0 | 0.0000 | 0.7 (0.3 - 1.8) | 1.1 (0.5 - 2.6) | 0.0 | 0.0225 |
EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION (EMR)
| |||||||||
Egypt | 2005 | 7.9 (5.7 - 10.7) | 12.9 (9.9 - 16.5) | 1.2 (0.5 - 3.0) | 0.0000 | 7.4 (5.4 - 9.9) | 11.9 (9.2 - 15.1) | 1.4 (0.9 - 2.3) | 0.0000 |
Gaza Strip/West Bank | 2007 | 22.7 (19.7 - 26.0) | 39.1 (33.8 - 44.6) | 9.4 (6.8 - 12.8) | 0.0000 | 12.3 (10.0 - 14.9) | 24.1 (19.7 - 29.0) | 2.4 (1.2 - 4.6) | 0.0000 |
Iran | 2007 | 5.6 (4.6 - 6.9) | 11.6 (9.0 - 14.9) | 2.8 (1.9 - 4.0) | 0.0000 | 9.9 (8.5 - 11.6) | 16.2 (13.0 - 19.9) | 7.0 (5.5 - 8.8) | 0.0000 |
Iraq | 2005 | 17.5 (15.4 - 19.8) | 20.4 (17.2 - 24.1) | 15.1 (12.5 - 18.2) | 0.0201 | 7.8 (6.4 - 9.5) | 4.7 (3.2 - 6.9) | 10.3 (8.1 - 13.0) | 0.0003 |
Lebanon | 2006 | 28.2 (25.1 - 31.4) | 36.1 (31.8 - 40.7) | 18.0 (14.4 - 22.3) | 0.0000 | 21.8 (19.2 - 24.8) | 21.7 (18.2 - 25.8) | 21.9 (18.1 - 26.4) | 0.9449 |
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya | 2006 | 10.1 (9.1 - 11.2) | 22.3 (20.1 - 24.6) | 1.9 (1.4 - 2.7) | 0.0000 | 8.3 (7.4 - 9.3) | 15.3 (13.6 - 17.3) | 3.6 (2.8 - 4.5) | 0.0000 |
Saudi Arabia | 2006 | 11.6 (9.2 - 14.6) | 13.1 (10.0 - 16.9) | 9.6 (6.2 - 14.8) | 0.2156 | 12.8 (10.2 - 15.9) | 13.9 (10.7 - 17.7) | 11.3 (7.3 - 17.0) | 0.3900 |
Sudan | 2007 | 7.7 (6.3 - 9.4) | 19.6 (15.9 - 23.9) | 1.3 (0.8 - 2.3) | 0.0000 | 3.1 (2.2 - 4.2) | 8.0 (5.8 - 10.9) | 0.4 (0.2 - 1.1) | 0.0000 |
Syrian Arab Republic | 2006 | 16.8 (16.2 - 17.5) | 24.3 (23.3 - 25.3) | 4.8 (4.2 - 5.5) | 0.0000 | 23.6 (22.8 - 24.4) | 30.6 (29.6 - 31.7) | 12.1 (11.2 - 13.2) | 0.0000 |
Tunisia | 2007 | 9.9 (8.6 - 11.3) | 26.5 (22.7 - 30.7) | 4.1 (3.2 - 5.4) | 0.0000 | 7.4 (6.3 - 8.7) | 20.6 (17.2 - 24.5) | 3.0 (2.2 - 4.1) | 0.0000 |
EUROPEAN REGION (EUR)
| |||||||||
Albania | 2005 | 43.3 (40.7 - 45.9) | 65.1 (59.8 - 69.9) | 35.7 (32.8 - 38.7) | 0.0043 | 1.5 (1.0 - 2.2) | 3.1 (1.8 - 5.4) | 1.0 (0.6 - 1.8) | 0.3508 |
Armenia | 2006 | 20.4 (16.1 - 25.4) | 52.5 (41.7 - 63.0) | 8.3 (5.2 - 13.1) | 0.0000 | 3.1 (1.7 - 5.6) | 9.5 (4.9 - 17.7) | 0.7 (0.2 - 3.2) | 0.0061 |
Bosnia & Herzegovina | 2006 | 40.3 (39.2 - 41.5) | 45.0 (43.0 - 47.0) | 37.8 (36.4 - 39.2) | 0.1689 | 8.7 (8.1 - 9.4) | 10.9 (9.7 - 12.2) | 7.5 (6.8 - 8.3) | 0.0417 |
Croatia | 2005 | 36.6 (34.1 - 39.2) | 35.9 (31.5 - 40.4) | 37.1 (34.1 - 40.3) | 0.6480 | 10.7 (9.2 - 12.4) | 20.2 (16.8 - 24.2) | 6.3 (5.0 - 8.0) | 0.0000 |
Czech Republic | 2006 | 21.7 (19.5 - 24.0) | 26.2 (21.9 - 30.9) | 19.8 (17.2 - 22.5) | 0.0158 | 7.4 (6.1 - 9.0) | 11.1 (8.3 - 14.6) | 5.8 (4.5 - 7.6) | 0.0035 |
Kyrgyzstan | 2008 | 36.6 (33.9 - 39.4) | 50.0 (45.5 - 54.5) | 27.9 (24.8 - 31.3) | 0.0000 | 5.4 (4.2 - 6.8) | 11.4 (8.8 - 14.5) | 1.5 (0.8 - 2.6) | 0.0000 |
Lithuania | 2006 | 27.3 (23.5 - 31.4) | 48.6 (39.7 - 57.7) | 19.5 (15.8 - 23.8) | 0.0000 | 15.1 (12.3 - 18.5) | 33.2 (25.4 - 42.1) | 8.2 (6.0 - 11.2) | 0.0000 |
Russian Federation | 2006 | 38.8 (37.6 - 39.9) | 46.1 (44.2 - 48.1) | 34.9 (33.5 - 36.2) | 0.0000 | 10.9 (10.2 - 11.6) | 19.3 (17.8 - 20.9) | 6.5 (5.8 - 7.2) | 0.0000 |
Serbia | 2006 | 34.7 (33.2 - 36.2) | 31.2 (28.7 - 33.8) | 36.7 (34.9 - 38.6) | 0.0007 | 18.0 (16.8 - 19.2) | 17.7 (15.7 - 19.8) | 18.4 (17.0 - 20.0) | 0.5587 |
Slovakia | 2006 | 30.4 (29.0 - 31.9) | 36.5 (33.6 - 39.4) | 27.9 (26.2 - 29.6) | 0.0000 | 6.4 (5.7 - 7.2) | 8.6 (7.1 - 10.5) | 5.6 (4.8 - 6.5) | 0.0017 |
Slovenia | 2007 | 20.9 (17.3 - 25.0) | 22.5 (15.9 - 30.8) | 20.2 (16.0 - 25.1) | 0.6020 | 5.6 (3.8 - 8.2) | 14.3 (9.2 - 21.5) | 2.0 (0.9 - 4.4) | 0.0002 |
REGION OF THE AMERICAS (AMR)
| |||||||||
Argentina | 2005 | 35.5 (33.6 - 37.4) | 33.4 (30.4 - 36.4) | 36.5 (34.1 - 39.1) | 0.1140 | 6.4 (5.4 - 7.4) | 9.2 (7.5 - 11.3) | 4.5 (3.5 - 5.7) | 0.0000 |
Bolivia | 2006 | 41.1 (35.3 - 47.2) | 50.3 (43.9 - 56.7) | 31.7 (24.9 - 39.4) | 0.0017 | 10.6 (8.7 - 12.8) | 14.3 (11.1 - 18.4) | 6.7 (4.9 - 9.0) | 0.0075 |
Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) | 2006 | 16.9 (15.6 - 18.2) | 19.5 (17.5 - 21.6) | 14.6 (13.1 - 16.3) | 0.0002 | 5.2 (4.5 - 6.0) | 7.1 (5.9 - 8.5) | 3.4 (2.7 - 4.3) | 0.0000 |
Chile | 2008 | 28.4 (27.1 - 29.6) | 27.1 (25.5 - 28.9) | 29.3 (27.5 - 31.3) | 0.0878 | 7.6 (6.8 - 8.4) | 9.3 (8.2 - 10.5) | 5.5 (4.6 - 6.5) | 0.0000 |
Costa Rica | 2006 | 32.8 | 38.6 | 29.3 | * | 13.7 | 19.2 | 10.7 | * |
Cuba (Havana) | 2008 | 29.5 (27.6 - 31.4) | 41.1 (38.0 - 44.3) | 21.2 (19.1 - 23.5) | 0.0000 | 4.1 (3.4 - 5.0) | 4.1 (3.1 - 5.5) | 4.1 (3.2 - 5.3) | 0.9874 |
Guatemala | 2008 | 22.5 (19.8 - 25.4) | 27.5 (23.4 - 32.1) | 17.8 (14.6 - 21.6) | 0.0007 | 13.5 (11.4 - 15.9) | 17.4 (14.0 - 21.4) | 10.3 (7.8 - 13.3) | 0.0024 |
Jamaica | 2008 | 6.7 (4.3 - 10.3) | 12.5 (7.1 - 21.2) | 4.2 (2.1 - 8.0) | 0.0286 | 3.8 (2.1 - 6.7) | 12.5 (7.1 - 21.2) | 0.0 | 0.0005 |
Mexico | 2006 | 35.3 (29.8 - 41.3) | 41.3 (36.0 - 46.8) | 30.8 (24.7 - 37.6) | 0.0010 | 4.5 (3.3 - 6.3) | 6.3 (4.5 - 8.8) | 2.7 (2.0 - 3.8) | 0.0027 |
Panama | 2008 | 11.1 (9.6 - 12.9) | 11.2 (8.7 - 14.1) | 11.1 (9.2 - 13.5) | 0.9956 | 2.9 (2.1 - 3.9) | 3.6 (2.3 - 5.6) | 1.9 (1.1 - 3.1) | 0.0578 |
Paraguay | 2008 | 22.3 (20.9 - 23.8) | 25.3 (23.2 - 27.7) | 19.9 (18.1 - 21.8) | 0.0003 | 6.8 (6.0 - 7.7) | 8.3 (7.0 - 9.8) | 5.6 (4.6 - 6.8) | 0.0029 |
Peru | 2006 | 32.7 (28.5 - 37.3) | 43.5 (36.2 - 51.1) | 22.2 (16.7 - 28.8) | 0.0007 | 6.4 (3.4 - 11.8) | 9.0 (5.2 - 14.9) | 3.6 (1.4 - 9.1) | 0.0003 |
Uruguay | 2008 | 32.3 (31.2 - 33.3) | 31.3 (29.5 - 33.2) | 32.4 (31.2 - 33.7) | 0.3222 | 5.8 (5.3 - 6.3) | 12.5 (11.3 - 13.9) | 2.6 (2.2 - 3.0) | 0.0000 |
SOUTH-EAST ASIA REGION (SEAR)
| |||||||||
Bangladesh | 2006 | 27.2 (20.8 - 34.8) | 46.5 (37.6 - 55.6) | 4.4 (1.2 - 14.1) | 0.0000 | 11.9 (4.3 - 28.7) | 13.3 (3.7 - 38.2) | 9.9 (4.6 - 20.0) | 0.5038 |
India | 2005 | 11.6 (8.8 - 15.2) | 17.7 (14.5 - 21.3) | 2.0 (0.9 - 4.2) | 0.0000 | 5.4 (3.5 - 8.3) | 7.5 (5.2 - 10.6) | 2.2 (0.8 - 6.4) | 0.0028 |
Indonesia | 2006 | 8.6 (5.4 - 13.5) | 19.8 (12.5 - 29.7) | 2.3 (1.2 - 4.5) | 0.0024 | 0.9 (0.4 - 2.2) | 2.2 (0.9 - 5.0) | 0.1 (0.0 - 1.1) | 0.0274 |
Myanmar | 2006 | 12.4 (11.7 - 13.1) | 24.7 (23.5 - 26.1) | 1.2 (0.9 - 1.6) | 0.0000 | 11.0 (10.3 - 11.6) | 19.8 (18.6 - 21.0) | 2.7 (2.3 - 3.2) | 0.0000 |
Nepal | 2005 | 23.5 (9.1 - 48.5) | 34.5 (13.1 - 64.7) | 4.0 (1.2 - 12.5) | 0.0372 | 14.4 (6.7 - 28.1) | 19.3 (6.8 - 43.6) | 5.4 (1.0 - 23.9) | 0.1694 |
Sri Lanka | 2006 | 4.1 (3.4 - 5.0) | 8.6 (7.0 - 10.7) | 1.1 (0.7 - 1.8) | 0.0000 | 3.6 (2.9 - 4.4) | 6.8 (5.4 - 8.6) | 1.4 (0.9 - 2.1) | 0.0000 |
Thailand | 2006 | 2.1 (1.6 - 2.9) | 1.0 (0.5 - 2.1) | 3.0 (2.1 - 4.3) | 0.0029 | 1.7 (1.1 - 2.5) | 2.3 (1.4 - 3.9) | 0.9 (0.5 - 1.7) | 0.0443 |
WESTERN PACIFIC REGION (WPR)
| |||||||||
Cambodia | 2005 | 6.4 (4.1 - 9.7) | 9.2 (6.0 - 13.9) | 0.0 | 0.0000 | 3.6 (2.0 - 6.4) | 5.3 (3.0 - 9.2) | 0.0 | 0.0007 |
South Korea | 2006 | 16.0 (12.0 - 21.1) | 22.5 (18.1 - 27.5) | 3.5 (1.6 - 7.2) | 0.0000 | 4.8 (3.0 - 7.4) | 6.9 (4.7 - 10.0) | 1.0 (0.5 - 2.1) | 0.0001 |
Viet Nam | 2007 | 11.2 (10.6 - 11.7) | 20.8 (19.7 - 21.9) | 2.6 (2.3 - 3.0) | 0.0000 | 3.3 (3.0 - 3.6) | 5.0 (4.4 - 5.6) | 1.7 (1.4 - 2.0) | 0.0000 |
Desire for Cessation
In the past 7 days, had someone smoke in their presence and their home | In the past 7 days, had someone smoke in their presence other than in their home | Had an official policy banning smoking in school buildings and clinics | Had an official policy banning smoking in school buildings and clinics and the policy was enforced | Current cigarette smokers who want to stop smoking cigarettes now | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Country (Site) | Year | Total % (95% CI) | Total % (95% CI) | Total % (95% CI) | Total % (95% CI) | Total % (95% CI) |
AFRICAN REGION (AFR)
| ||||||
Algeria | 2007 | 27.0 (25.7 - 28.3) | 38.4 (37.0 - 39.8) | 29.8 (28.5 - 31.1) | 25.0 (22.7 - 27.4) | 68.7 (63.1 - 73.7) |
Kenya | 2008 | 43.9 (40.1 - 47.9) | 64.5 (60.6 - 68.1) | 60.1 (55.7 - 64.3) | 44.4 (37.4 - 51.6) | 58.3 (43.8 - 71.5) |
Niger | 2008 | 31.7 (30.1 - 33.3) | 71.2 (69.6 - 72.7) | 44.6 (42.9 - 46.3) | 42.8 (40.3 - 45.3) | 93.6 (89.4 - 96.3) |
Uganda | 2005 | 38.1 (34.7 - 41.5) | 61.1 (57.6 - 64.5) | 22.3 (18.9 - 26.2) | 40.5 (31.9 - 49.8) | * |
EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION (EMR)
| ||||||
Egypt | 2005 | 45.6 (41.7 - 49.5) | 78.4 (76.1 - 80.6) | 31.1 (26.2 - 36.5) | 41.1 (32.1 - 50.8) | 66.0 (47.0 - 81.0) |
Gaza Strip/West Bank | 2007 | 63.3 (59.7 - 66.8) | 67.1 (63.6 - 70.5) | 30.0 (26.7 - 33.5) | 18.8 (13.8 - 25.1) | * |
Iran | 2007 | 31.2 (28.8 - 33.7) | 54.1 (51.5 - 56.7) | 33.5 (31.1 - 36.1) | 66.9 (62.5 - 71.0) | 33.5 (21.7 - 47.9) |
Iraq | 2005 | 50.2 (47.4 - 53.1) | 60.6 (57.8 - 63.4) | 9.4 (7.9 - 11.2) | 30.5 (22.1 - 40.6) | 70.2 (56.1 - 81.4) |
Lebanon | 2006 | 54.7 (51.3 - 58.1) | 80.7 (77.9 - 83.3) | 51.6 (48.2 - 55.0) | 61.9 (57.2 - 66.4) | 40.4 (32.1 - 49.3) |
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya | 2006 | 45.6 (43.9 - 47.2) | 59.6 (58.0 - 61.2) | 11.5 (10.5 - 12.6) | 44.2 (38.8 - 49.7) | 72.2 (65.6 - 78.0) |
Saudi Arabia | 2006 | 31.0 (27.3 - 34.9) | 60.9 (57.0 - 64.7) | 59.8 (55.8 - 63.7) | 75.7 (70.4 - 80.3) | 75.9 (61.9 - 86.0) |
Sudan | 2007 | 40.6 (37.7 - 43.5) | 68.5 (65.6 - 71.2) | 18.3 (16.2 - 20.7) | 68.3 (61.6 - 74.4) | 92.1 (80.7 - 97.0) |
Syrian Arab Republic | 2006 | 59.9 (59.0 - 60.8) | 79.3 (78.5 - 80.0) | 10.2 (9.7 - 10.8) | 48.6 (45.8 - 51.5) | 58.8 (56.2 - 61.4) |
Tunisia | 2007 | 44.5 (42.1 - 47.0) | 65.2 (62.9 - 67.5) | 36.6 (34.3 - 39.1) | 35.4 (31.5 - 39.5) | 61.8 (51.9 - 70.8) |
EUROPEAN REGION (EUR)
| ||||||
Albania | 2005 | 72.5 (70.3 - 74.7) | 95.8 (94.7 - 96.7) | 14.1 (12.1 - 16.4) | 41.4 (33.7 - 49.6) | 90.1 (85.7 - 93.3) |
Armenia | 2006 | 65.1 (59.5 - 70.4) | 80.0 (74.9 - 84.2) | 54.0 (48.1 - 59.8) | 90.5 (84.8 - 94.2) | 71.3 (50.2 - 86.0) |
Bosnia & Herzegovina | 2006 | 53.0 (51.8 - 54.2) | 91.1 (90.4 - 91.8) | 58.8 (57.6 - 59.9) | 30.1 (28.7 - 31.6) | 46.6 (44.4 - 48.9) |
Croatia | 2005 | 50.4 (47.9 - 53.0) | 95.2 (93.9 - 96.2) | 83.1 (80.7 - 85.2) | 73.8 (70.8 - 76.7) | 55.2 (50.0 - 60.3) |
Czech Republic | 2006 | 25.9 (23.6 - 28.4) | 84.9 (82.8 - 86.7) | 95.7 (94.4 - 96.7) | 51.9 (49.0 - 54.8) | 55.2 (47.7 - 62.6) |
Kyrgyzstan | 2008 | 41.1 (38.3 - 43.9) | 82.1 (79.9 - 84.2) | 50.5 (47.6 - 53.3) | 70.2 (66.1 - 74.0) | 84.0 (79.1 - 87.9) |
Lithuania | 2006 | 34.9 (30.7 - 39.3) | 68.1 (63.9 - 72.1) | 78.5 (74.3 - 82.2) | 57.3 (52.3 - 62.2) | 60.9 (49.2 - 71.4) |
Russian Federation | 2006 | 48.8 (47.7 - 49.9) | 85.4 (84.6 - 86.2) | 74.6 (73.6 - 75.6) | 34.2 (33.0 - 35.5) | 68.2 (66.2 - 70.2) |
Serbia | 2006 | 67.8 (66.3 - 69.2) | 89.5 (88.4 - 90.4) | 67.4 (65.9 - 68.9) | 81.2 (79.6 - 82.6) | 57.7 (54.7 - 60.8) |
Slovakia | 2006 | 50.1 (48.5 - 51.8) | 79.4 (78.0 - 80.6) | 85.2 (84.0 - 86.3) | 48.2 (46.4 - 50.0) | 59.6 (55.9 - 63.2) |
Slovenia | 2007 | 28.2 (24.1 - 32.6) | 76.8 (72.5 - 80.5) | 90.1 (86.9 - 92.6) | 97.6 (95.5 - 98.7) | 53.3 (39.0 - 67.1) |
REGION OF THE AMERICAS (AMR)
| ||||||
Argentina | 2005 | 65.4 (63.5 - 67.2) | 91.3 (90.1 - 92.3) | 69.0 (66.8 - 71.1) | 78.8 (76.3 - 81.1) | 62.2 (58.5 - 65.7) |
Bolivia | 2006 | 46.8 (41.6 - 52.1) | 74.2 (69.2 - 78.6) | 34.4 (21.1 - 50.7) | 61.4 (44.8 - 75.8) | 65.7 (60.8 - 70.3) |
Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) | 2006 | 24.3 (22.8 - 25.7) | 75.5 (74.0 - 76.9) | 8.8 (7.5 - 10.2) | 5.6 (3.0 - 10.5) | 49.1 (43.3 - 54.8) |
Chile | 2008 | 42.2 (40.8 - 43.7) | 83.2 (82.1 - 84.3) | 67.5 (66.0 - 69.1) | 57.6 (55.3 - 59.8) | 57.7 (54.7 - 60.7) |
Costa Rica | 2006 | 45.9 | 87.7 | 69.9 | 75.3 | 65.6 |
Cuba (Havana) | 2008 | 71.3 (69.4 - 73.2) | 91.8 (90.7 - 92.9) | 60.8 (58.7 - 62.8) | 31.4 (29.0 - 33.9) | 58.2 (54.1 - 62.1) |
Guatemala | 2008 | 34.6 (31.5 - 37.8) | 75.0 (72.0 - 77.7) | 72.7 (69.7 - 75.6) | 19.4 (16.4 - 22.8) | 67.7 (58.4 - 75.9) |
Jamaica | 2008 | 29.0 (24.1 - 34.4) | 58.9 (53.2 - 64.4) | 82.1 (77.2 - 86.1) | 50.6 (44.1 - 57.0) | * |
Mexico | 2006 | 46.8 (40.4 - 53.2) | 83.7 (79.3 - 87.3) | 52.3 (42.3 - 62.1) | 62.1 (51.3 - 71.8) | 58.4 (52.0 - 64.5) |
Panama | 2008 | 29.7 (27.4 - 32.2) | 51.1 (48.5 - 53.7) | 75.3 (72.9 - 77.5) | 66.1 (63.2 - 68.9) | 69.4 (60.2 - 77.3) |
Paraguay | 2008 | 46.4 (44.7 - 48.2) | 82.5 (81.1 - 83.7) | 26.1 (24.6 - 27.7) | 44.7 (41.3 - 48.1) | 86.0 (82.3 - 89.1) |
Peru | 2006 | 37.1 (31.0 - 43.6) | 65.4 (60.4 - 70.2) | 31.2 (20.7 - 44.1) | 59.0 (48.9 - 68.3) | 59.7 (52.7 - 66.3) |
Uruguay | 2008 | 39.7 (38.6 - 40.7) | 49.1 (48.0 - 50.2) | 90.7 (90.0 - 91.3) | 91.3 (90.6 - 91.9) | 53.7 (51.4 - 56.0) |
SOUTH-EAST ASIA REGION (SEAR)
| ||||||
Bangladesh | 2006 | 44.7 (24.9 - 66.3) | 77.1 (45.9 - 93.1) | 67.2 (40.7 - 86.0) | 79.1 (51.8 - 93.0) | 26.6 (12.4 - 48.1) |
India | 2005 | 42.8 (37.9 - 47.9) | 73.7 (68.9 - 78.0) | 48.0 (44.5 - 51.5) | 62.8 (54.7 - 70.3) | 71.8 (52.7 - 85.4) |
Indonesia | 2006 | 44.6 (37.9 - 51.4) | 80.3 (72.3 - 86.3) | 41.1 (24.7 - 59.8) | 41.0 (29.5 - 53.6) | 76.6 (53.1 - 90.4) |
Myanmar | 2006 | 54.4 (53.4 - 55.4) | 78.5 (77.6 - 79.3) | 68.1 (67.2 - 69.1) | 52.8 (51.5 - 54.1) | 74.8 (71.3 - 78.0) |
Nepal | 2005 | 45.9 (26.1 - 67.0) | 69.3 (48.3 - 84.5) | 53.1 (47.2 - 59.0) | 56.8 (33.3 - 77.5) | 65.3 (32.0 - 88.3) |
Sri Lanka | 2006 | 21.1 (19.6 - 22.7) | 54.5 (52.5 - 56.4) | 39.4 (37.4 - 41.4) | 74.2 (70.9 - 77.3) | 66.7 (55.2 - 76.5) |
Thailand | 2006 | 27.3 (25.0 - 29.7) | 56.1 (53.5 - 58.6) | 48.4 (45.8 - 51.0) | 80.0 (76.5 - 83.1) | 69.5 (46.1 - 85.8) |
WESTERN PACIFIC REGION (WPR)
| ||||||
Cambodia | 2005 | 57.7 (52.1 - 63.0) | 64.0 (58.5 - 69.1) | 63.1 (57.5 - 68.3) | 73.1 (65.3 - 79.7) | * |
South Korea | 2006 | 16.8 (14.4 - 19.5) | 75.2 (69.5 - 80.1) | 78.6 (72.5 - 83.7) | 83.4 (79.0 - 87.0) | 65.5 (53.6 - 75.7) |
Viet Nam | 2007 | 61.4 (60.6 - 62.3) | 71.2 (70.4 - 72.0) | 71.8 (71.0 - 72.6) | 88.2 (87.3 - 89.1) | 71.1 (68.0 - 74.1) |
Exposure to Secondhand Smoke (SHS)
Health Professional Roles and Training
Thought health professionals have a role in giving advice or information about smoking cessation to patients | Thought health professionals should get specific training on cessation techniques | Had ever received any formal training in smoking cessation approaches to use with patients in their medical school training | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Country (Site) | Year | Total % (95% CI) | Total % (95% CI) | Total % (95% CI) |
AFRICAN REGION (AFR)
| ||||
Algeria | 2007 | 85.6 (84.6 - 86.7) | 89.7 (88.7 - 90.5) | 36.1 (34.7 - 37.5) |
Kenya | 2008 | 98.2 (96.8 - 99.0) | 96.9 (95.2 - 98.0) | 26.0 (22.7 - 29.6) |
Niger | 2008 | 100.0 | 97.2 (96.6 - 97.8) | 46.4 (44.7 - 48.1) |
Uganda | 2005 | 98.8 (97.7 - 99.3) | 97.3 (95.9 - 98.2) | 15.9 (13.5 - 18.6) |
EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION (EMR)
| ||||
Egypt | 2005 | 91.1 (89.6 - 92.4) | 92.5 (90.4 - 94.2) | 20.9 (18.4 - 23.6) |
Gaza Strip/West Bank | 2007 | 88.4 (85.7 - 90.6) | 95.1 (93.3 - 96.5) | 25.6 (22.5 - 28.9) |
Iran | 2007 | 91.7 (90.1 - 93.1) | 94.8 (93.5 - 95.8) | 10.0 (8.4 - 11.8) |
Iraq | 2005 | 63.8 (61.0 - 66.5) | 77.9 (75.4 - 80.2) | 31.3 (28.7 - 34.0) |
Lebanon | 2006 | 88.9 (86.7 - 90.8) | 94.0 (92.1 - 95.4) | 29.7 (26.7 - 33.0) |
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya | 2006 | 77.4 (76.0 - 78.8) | 87.1 (85.9 - 88.1) | 24.9 (23.4 - 26.3) |
Saudi Arabia | 2006 | 97.8 (96.3 - 98.7) | 89.1 (86.4 - 91.4) | 6.4 (4.6 - 8.7) |
Sudan | 2007 | 97.9 (96.8 - 98.6) | 97.5 (96.4 - 98.3) | 31.6 (28.9 - 34.5) |
Syrian Arab Republic | 2006 | 95.7 (95.3 - 96.0) | 96.8 (96.5 - 97.1) | 29.4 (28.5 - 30.2) |
Tunisia | 2007 | 96.5 (95.5 - 97.3) | 94.0 (92.8 - 95.1) | 23.0 (20.9 - 25.1) |
EUROPEAN REGION (EUR)
| ||||
Albania | 2005 | 95.0 (93.8 - 95.9) | 97.1 (96.2 - 97.8) | 10.3 (9.0 - 11.9) |
Armenia | 2006 | 80.8 (75.8 - 85.0) | 84.4 (79.7 - 88.2) | 34.1 (28.9 - 39.8) |
Bosnia & Herzegovina | 2006 | 86.0 (85.1 - 86.8) | 86.4 (85.5 - 87.1) | 11.2 (10.5 - 12.0) |
Croatia | 2005 | 97.7 (96.8 - 98.4) | 71.7 (69.3 - 73.9) | 14.5 (12.8 - 16.4) |
Czech Republic | 2006 | 82.0 (79.8 - 84.0) | 60.8 (58.1 - 63.5) | 1.4 (0.9 - 2.2) |
Kyrgyzstan | 2008 | 85.7 (83.6 - 87.6) | 92.0 (90.3 - 93.4) | 22.3 (20.1 - 24.8) |
Lithuania | 2006 | 87.6 (84.3 - 90.2) | 96.1 (94.1 - 97.4) | 25.2 (21.6 - 29.2) |
Russian Federation | 2006 | NA | 77.1 (76.2 - 78.1) | 20.6 (19.7 - 21.6) |
Serbia | 2006 | 89.9 (88.9 - 90.8) | 81.5 (80.2 - 82.7) | 21.3 (20.0 - 22.6) |
Slovakia | 2006 | 59.7 (58.0 - 61.3) | 71.4 (69.9 - 72.8) | 3.0 (2.5 - 3.6) |
Slovenia | 2007 | 100.0 | 77.5 (73.3 - 81.2) | 5.6 (3.8 - 8.2) |
REGION OF THE AMERICAS (AMR)
| ||||
Argentina | 2005 | 98.8 (98.3 - 99.1) | 91.3 (90.1 - 92.3) | 5.2 (4.4 - 6.1) |
Bolivia | 2006 | 87.6 (84.4 - 90.2) | 95.5 (93.4 - 97.0) | 20.4 (14.3 - 28.3) |
Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) | 2006 | 81.9 (80.5 - 83.1) | 94.3 (93.5 - 95.1) | 21.2 (19.9 - 22.7) |
Chile | 2008 | 97.5 (97.0 - 97.9) | 93.4 (92.7 - 94.0) | 23.4 (22.1 - 24.6) |
Costa Rica | 2006 | 97.1 | 94.9 | 11.2 |
Cuba (Havana) | 2008 | 100.0 | 98.7 (98.2 - 99.1) | 28.9 (27.1 - 30.8) |
Guatemala | 2008 | 100.0 | 96.3 (94.9 - 97.4) | 23.6 (20.8 - 26.5) |
Jamaica | 2008 | 99.1 (97.0 - 99.7) | 94.3 (91.0 - 96.5) | 8.5 (5.8 - 12.3) |
Mexico | 2006 | 85.8 (83.0 - 88.3) | 94.7 (93.0 - 96.0) | 20.4 (14.5 - 27.8) |
Panama | 2008 | 100.0 | 94.6 (93.3 - 95.7) | 26.1 (23.8 - 28.4) |
Paraguay | 2008 | 96.0 (95.3 - 96.6) | 98.8 (98.4 - 99.1) | 30.8 (29.2 - 32.4) |
Peru | 2006 | 95.9 (93.1 - 97.5) | 97.5 (94.2 - 98.9) | 30.0 (21.9 - 39.4) |
Uruguay | 2008 | 93.0 (92.4 - 93.6) | 89.5 (88.8 - 90.2) | 10.9 (10.2 - 11.6) |
SOUTH-EAST ASIA REGION (SEAR)
| ||||
Bangladesh | 2006 | 71.1 (45.2 - 88.0) | 87.8 (81.2 - 92.3) | 24.7 (12.2 - 43.6) |
India | 2005 | 96.9 (95.1 - 98.0) | 91.0 (89.3 - 92.5) | 22.3 (18.3 - 26.9) |
Indonesia | 2006 | 98.1 (97.1 - 98.7) | 95.8 (92.9 - 97.5) | 22.2 (5.3 - 59.2) |
Myanmar | 2006 | 94.8 (94.3 - 95.2) | 96.4 (96.0 - 96.8) | 43.7 (42.7 - 44.7) |
Nepal | 2005 | 97.0 (93.8 - 98.5) | 93.0 (85.1 - 96.8) | 21.9 (12.8 - 34.9) |
Sri Lanka | 2006 | 93.9 (92.9 - 94.8) | 90.6 (89.4 - 91.7) | 16.2 (14.8 - 17.7) |
Thailand | 2006 | 95.7 (94.5 - 96.6) | 93.1 (91.7 - 94.3) | 24.0 (21.8 - 26.3) |
WESTERN PACIFIC REGION (WPR)
| ||||
Cambodia | 2005 | 99.1 (97.1 - 99.7) | 99.1 (97.1 - 99.7) | 14.4 (10.9 - 18.8) |
South Korea | 2006 | 93.3 (89.0 - 96.0) | 76.6 (72.6 - 80.2) | 18.9 (14.6 - 24.2) |
Viet Nam | 2007 | NA | 92.0 (91.5 - 92.5) | 27.2 (26.4 - 28.0) |