nach oben

Erschienen in:

23.11.2021 | Original Paper

Traditional Somali Diaspora Medical Practices in the USA: A Scoping Review

verfasst von: Asmaa Ferdjallah, Mohamed Hassan

Erschienen in: Journal of Religion and Health | Ausgabe 4/2023

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Minnesota has the largest Somali diaspora in the world. Uniquely, the Minnesotan Somali diaspora utilizes traditional healing practices along with Western medicine. Therefore, medical providers who regularly interact with Somali patients must be aware of traditional healing practices. A scoping review inclusive of three databases (Embase Classic + Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, PsychINFO) was conducted. Fifty-eight studies met established criteria. Traditional medicine is performed with conventional medicine. Illnesses are acknowledged to be caused by a malfunctioning body, evil eye, and/or zar (possession). Examples of the utilization of dawo dhaqmeed (traditional practices) included ilko dacowo (dental enucleation), khat (catha edulis), guboow (use of a fire-heated object), cupping, xoq (scraping), xidhayn (female genital mutilation), duugto (massage), baan (nutrition), herbs, caano geel (camel milk), Qur’anic healing, prayer, zam zam (holy water), tahliil liquid (blessed water), and amulets. Practices ranged from benign to harmful. Identifying Somali traditional healing practices is the first step in understanding the health of the Somali community in Minnesota.

Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich

Ahmed, A. G., & Salib, E. (1998). The khat users: A study of khat chewing in Liverpool’s Somali men. Medicine, Science, and the Law, 38(2), 165–169. https://doi.org/10.1177/002580249803800215CrossRefPubMed

Arbesman, M., Kahler, L., & Buck, G. M. (1993). Assessment of the impact of female circumcision on the gynecological, genitourinary and obstetrical health problems of women from Somalia: Literature review and case series. Women & Health, 20(3), 27–42. https://doi.org/10.1300/J013v20n03_02CrossRef

Arksey, H., & O’Malley, L. (2005). Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8, 19–32.CrossRef

Asgary, R., Grigoryan, Z., Naderi, R., & Allan, R. (2012). Lack of patient risk counselling and a broader provider training affect malaria control in remote Somalia Kenya border: Qualitative assessment. Global Public Health, 7(3), 240–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2011.643412CrossRefPubMed

Baird, D. A. (1952). A case of optic neuritis in a qat addict. East African Medical Journal, 29(8), 325–327.PubMed

Balint, E. E., Falkay, G., & Balint, G. A. (2009). Khat—A controversial plant. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 121(19–20), 604–614. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-009-1259-7CrossRefPubMed

Barzangi, J., Arnrup, K., Unell, L., & Skovdahl, K. (2019). Experiences and perceptions of infant dental enucleation among Somali immigrants in Sweden: A phenomenographic study. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 77(8), 566–573. https://doi.org/10.1080/00016357.2019.1620330CrossRefPubMed

Beatson, J. E. (2013). Supporting refugee Somali Bantu mothers with children with disabilities. Journal of Pediatr Nursing, 39(3), 142–145.

Bhui, K., & Warfa, N. (2010). Trauma, khat and common psychotic symptoms among Somali immigrants: A quantitative study. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 132(3), 549–553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.027CrossRefPubMed

Boynton, L., Bentley, J., Hussein, N., & Jackson, J. C. (2010). Images in psychiatry. Hargeisa Group Hospital psychiatric ward. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 167(7), 762. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10030299CrossRefPubMed

Carruth, L. (2014). Camel milk, amoxicillin, and a prayer: Medical pluralism and medical humanitarian aid in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. Social Science & Medicine, 120, 405–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.03.007CrossRef

Cheung, F. Y., Pratt, R., Shire, A., Bigalke, L., Ahmed, Z., & Zierhut, H. (2019). Developing culturally informed genetic services for the Somali immigrants in Minnesota. Journal of Genetic Counseling, 28(4), 887–896. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgc4.1131CrossRefPubMed

Claeson, P., Andersson, R., & Samuelsson, G. (1991). T-cadinol: A pharmacologically active constituent of scented myrrh: Introductory pharmacological characterization and high field 1H- and 13C-NMR data. Planta Medica, 57(4), 352–356. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-960116CrossRefPubMed

Cunningham, T. (1998). The culture of kat. Nursing Standard, 13(12), 25. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.13.12.25.s44CrossRefPubMed

Darboe, K. (2003). New immigrants in Minnesota: The Somali immigration and assimilation. Journal of Developing Sciences, 19, 458–472.

Ellis, B. H., Lincoln, A. K., Charney, M. E., Ford-Paz, R., Benson, M., & Strunin, L. (2010). Mental health service utilization of Somali adolescents: Religion, community, and school as gateways to healing. Transcultural Psychiatry, 47(5), 789–811. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461510379933CrossRefPubMed

Elmi, A. S. (1980). Present state of knowledge and research on the plants used in traditional medicine in Somalia. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2(1), 23–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(80)90024-0CrossRefPubMed

Elmi, A. S., Svendsen, A. B., Scheffer, J. J., & Verpoorte, R. (1986). Screening of some Somalian medicinal plants for antimicrobial activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 17(3), 283–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(86)90117-0CrossRefPubMed

Forbes, M. P., Raj, A. S., Martin, J., Lampe, G., & Powell, E. E. (2013). Khat-associated hepatitis. The Medical Journal of Australia, 199(7), 498–499. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja13.10951CrossRefPubMed

Fracica, E., Zubair, A., & Newman, J. (2016). Somali cultural competency among students in one Minnesota Medical School. Minnesota Medicine Magazine, 99(6), 49–51.

Frounfelker, R. L., Tahir, S., Abdirahman, A., & Betancourt, T. S. (2020). Stronger together: Community resilience and Somali Bantu refugees. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 26(1), 22–31. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000286CrossRefPubMed

Gallo, P. G. (1985). Female circumcision in Somalia: Some psychosocial aspects. Genus, 41(1–2), 133–147.PubMed

Gele, A. A., Sagbakken, M., Abebe, F., & Bjune, G. A. (2010). Barriers to tuberculosis care: A qualitative study among Somali pastoralists in Ethiopia. BMC Research Notes, 3, 86. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-3-86CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Getnet, F., Demissie, M., Worku, A., Gobena, T., Seyoum, B., Tschopp, R., & Andersen, C. T. (2019). Determinants of patient delay in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in Somali pastoralist setting of Ethiopia: A matched case-control study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183391CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Graham, E. A., Domoto, P. K., Lynch, H., & Egbert, M. A. (2000). Dental injuries due to African traditional therapies for diarrhea. Western Journal of Medicine, 173(2), 135–137. https://doi.org/10.1136/ewjm.173.2.135CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Griffiths, P., Gossop, M., Wickenden, S., Dunworth, J., Harris, K., & Lloyd, C. (1997). A transcultural pattern of drug use: Qat (khat) in the UK. British Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 281–284.CrossRef

Griffiths, P., Lopez, D., Sedefov, R., Gallegos, A., Hughes, B., Noor, A., & Royuela, L. (2010). Khat use and monitoring drug use in Europe: The current situation and issues for the future. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 132(3), 578–583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.04.046CrossRefPubMed

Handuleh, J. I., Gurgurte, A. M., Elmi, A., Aye, I. M., Abubakr, F., Kayd, M. A., Walhad, S. A., & Abdi, Y. A. (2014). Mental health services provision in Somaliland. Lancet Psychiatry, 1(2), 106–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(14)70241-XCrossRefPubMed

Hansen, P. (2010). The ambiguity of khat in Somaliland. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 132(3), 590–599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.02.028CrossRefPubMed

Hasson, S. S., Al-Balushi, M. S., Sallam, T. A., Idris, M. A., Habbal, O., & Al-Jabri, A. A. (2011). In vitro antibacterial activity of three medicinal plants—Boswellia (Luban) species. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 1(2), S178–S182. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60151-2CrossRef

Highfield, E. S., Lama, P., Grodin, M. A., Kaptchuk, T. J., & Crosby, S. S. (2012). Acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine for survivors of torture and refugee trauma: A descriptive report. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 14(3), 433–440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-011-9538-6CrossRefPubMed

Houghton, P. (2004). Khat—A growing concern in the UK. Journal of Pharmacology, 272(7285), 163–165.

Jager, A. D., & Sireling, L. (1994). Natural history of Khat psychosis. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 28(2), 331–332. https://doi.org/10.3109/00048679409075648CrossRef

Johnsdotter, S., Ingvarsdotter, K., Ostman, M., & Carlbom, A. (2011). Koran reading and negotiation with jinn: Strategies to deal with mental ill health among Swedish Somalis. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 14, 741–755.CrossRef

Kassim, S., Dalsania, A., Nordgren, J., Klein, A., & Hulbert, J. (2015). Before the ban—An exploratory study of a local Khat market in East London, U.K. Harm Reduction Journal, 12, 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-015-0048-zCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kokacya, O., & Ciftci Kokacya, M. (2017). Pseudo self-mutilation burn in a Somali man: Complication of a traditional treatment. Burns, 43(7), 1607–1610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2017.02.012CrossRefPubMed

Levac, D., Colquhoun, H., & O’Brien, K. K. (2010). Scoping studies: Advancing the methodology. Implementation Science, 5, 69. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-5-69CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Lightfoot, E., Blevins, J., Lum, T., & Dube, A. (2016). Cultural health assets of Somali and Oromo refugees and immigrants in Minnesota: Findings from a community-based participatory research project. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 27(1), 252–260. https://doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2016.0023CrossRefPubMed

Marker, P., & Krogdahl, A. (2002). Plasma cell gingivitis apparently related to the use of khat: Report of a case. British Dental Journal, 192(6), 311–313. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4801364CrossRefPubMed

Mazzanti, G., Bolle, P., Martinoli, L., Piccinelli, D., Grgurina, I., Animati, F., & Mugné, Y. (1987). Croton macrostachys, a plant used in traditional medicine: Purgative and inflammatory activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 19(2), 213–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(87)90043-2CrossRefPubMed

Mesfin, A., Giday, M., Animut, A., & Teklehaymanot, T. (2012). Ethnobotanical study of antimalarial plants in Shinile District, Somali Region, Ethiopia, and in vivo evaluation of selected ones against Plasmodium berghei. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 139(1), 221–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.006CrossRefPubMed

Mire, S. (2016). “The child that tiire doesn’t give you, God won’t give you either.” The role of Rotheca myricoides in Somali fertility practices. Anthropology & Medicine, 23(3), 311–331. https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2016.1209636CrossRef

Mölsä, M. E., Hjelde, K. H., & Tiilikainen, M. (2010). Changing conceptions of mental distress among Somalis in Finland. Transcultural Psychiatry, 47(2), 276–300. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461510368914CrossRefPubMed

Mölsä, M., Tiilikainen, M., & Punamäki, R. L. (2019). Usage of healthcare services and preference for mental healthcare among older Somali immigrants in Finland. Ethnicity & Health, 24(6), 607–622. https://doi.org/10.1080/13557858.2017.1346182CrossRef

Ogundaini, A., Farah, M., Perera, P., Samuelsson, G., & Bohlin, L. (1996). Isolation of two new antiinflammatory biflavanoids from Sarcophyte piriei. Journal of Natural Products, 59(6), 587–590. https://doi.org/10.1021/np960386kCrossRefPubMed

Omar, M., & Mohamed, K. (2006). HIV/AIDS and female genital mutilation in the Somali’s nomads of eastern Ethiopia: A discussion paper. World Hospital Health Service, 42(3), 27–31.

Omar, Y. S., Jenkins, A., Altena, M. V. R., Tuck, H., Hynan, C., Tohow, A., Chopra, P., & Castle, D. (2015). Khat use: What is the problem and what can be done? Biomed Research International, 2015, 472302. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/472302CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Osman, F. A., & Söderbäck, M. (2011). Perceptions of the use of khat among Somali immigrants living in Swedish society. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 39(2), 212–219. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494810384908CrossRefPubMed

Parr, C., & Ali, A. Y. (2018). Boswellia frereana suppresses HGF-mediated breast cancer cell invasion and migration through inhibition of c-Met signalling. Journal of Translational Medicine, 16(1), 281. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-018-1660-yCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Peevers, C. G., Moorghen, M., Collins, P. L., Gordon, F. H., & McCune, C. A. (2010). Liver disease and cirrhosis because of Khat chewing in UK Somali men: A case series. Liver International, 30(8), 1242–1243. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-3231.2010.02228.xCrossRefPubMed

Percac-Lima, S., Ashburner, J. M., Bond, B., Oo, S. A., & Atlas, S. J. (2013). Decreasing disparities in breast cancer screening in refugee women using culturally tailored patient navigation. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 28(11), 1463–1468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-013-2491-4CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Peters, M. D. J., Godfrey, C., McInerney, P., Baldini, S. C., Khalil, H., & Parker, D. (2015). Guidance for conducting systematic scoping reviews. International Journal of Evidence Based Healthcare, 13(3), 141–146. https://doi.org/10.1097/XEB.0000000000000050CrossRefPubMed

Pratt, R., Njau, S. W., Ndagire, C., Chaisson, N., Toor, S., Ahmed, N., Mohamed, S., & Dirks, J. (2019). “We are Muslims and these diseases don’t happen to us”: A qualitative study of the views of young Somali men and women concerning HPV immunization. Vaccine, 37(15), 2043–2050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.03.006CrossRefPubMed

Roble, A., & Rutledge, D. (2008). The Somali diaspora: A journey away. University of Minnesota Press.

Rodd, H. D., & Davidson, L. E. (2000). “Ilko dacowo:” Canine enucleation and dental sequelae in Somali children. International Journal of Paediatrric Dentistry, 10(4), 290–297. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-263x.2000.00213.xCrossRef

Samuelsson, G., Farah, M. H., Claeson, P., Hagos, M., Thulin, M., Hedberg, O., Warfa, A. M., Hassan, A. O., Elmi, A. H., & Abdurahman, A. D. (1992). Inventory of plants used in traditional medicine in Somalia. II. Plants of the families Combretaceae to Labiatae. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 37(1), 47–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(92)90004-bCrossRefPubMed

Samuelsson, G., Farah, M. H., Claeson, P., Hagos, M., Thulin, M., Hedberg, O., Warfa, A. M., Hassan, A. O., Elmi, A. H., Abdurahman, A. D., Elmi, A. S., Abdi, A. H., & Abdurahman, A. D. (1993). Inventory of plants used in traditional medicine in Somalia. IV. Plants of the families Passifloraceae-Zygophyllaceae. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 38(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(93)90075-gCrossRefPubMed

Schuster, R. C., Rodriguez, E. M., Blosser, M., Mongo, A., Delvecchio-Hitchcock, N., Kahn, L., & Tumiel-Berhalter, L. (2019). “They were just waiting to die”: Somali Bantu and Karen experiences with cancer screening pre- and post-resettlement in Buffalo, NY. Journal of the National Medical Association, 111(3), 234–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnma.2018.10.006CrossRefPubMed

Scuglik, D. L., Alarcón, R. D., Lapeyre, A. C., Williams, M. D., & Logan, K. M. (2007). When the poetry no longer rhymes: Mental health issues among Somali immigrants in the USA. Transcultural Psychiatry, 44(4), 581–595. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461507083899CrossRefPubMed

Stefan, J., & Mathew, B. (2005). Khat chewing: An emerging drug concern in Australia? Australia & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 39(9), 842–843. https://doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01688_4.xCrossRef

Tewabe, Y., Kefarge, B., Belay, H., Basra, D., Hailu, A., & Asres, K. (2019). Antileishmanial evaluation of the leaf latex of Aloe macrocarpa, aloin A/B, and its semisynthetic derivatives against two Leishmania species. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019, 4736181. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4736181CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Urbani, C. E. (1996). “Guboow’’: Medico-religious practice simulating nonaccidental injury in Somalia.” International Journal of Dermatology, 35(3), 224–225. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1996.tb01652.xCrossRefPubMed

Urbani, C. E. (1999). Traditional African medicine in dermatology: Complementary medical practices from east Africa and “guboow.” Clinical Dermatology, 17(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0738-081x(98)00069-8CrossRef

Yildiz, H., Komuta, M., Monsalve, C., Starkel, P., & Lefebvre, C. (2016). To chew or not to chew: That’s the question. International Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, 71, 187–189.

Yusuf, H. I., Adan, A. S., Egal, K. A., Omer, A. H., Ibrahim, M. M., & Elmi, A. S. (1984). Traditional medical practices in some Somali communities. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 30(2), 87–92. https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/30.2.87CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Traditional Somali Diaspora Medical Practices in the USA: A Scoping Review
verfasst von: Asmaa Ferdjallah
Mohamed Hassan
Publikationsdatum: 23.11.2021
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Journal of Religion and Health / Ausgabe 4/2023
Print ISSN: 0022-4197
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-6571
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01456-7

Dyadic Peer Support to Improve Diet and Physical Activity Among African American Church Members: An Exploratory Study

ORIGINAL PAPER

The Ignatian Examen in Medical Practice: A Model for Clinicians

Philosophical Exploration

Pathways to Immunity: Patterns of Excess Death Across the United States and Within Closed Religious Communities

Original Paper

Halal or Haram? The COVID-19 Vaccine Discussion Among Twitter users in Malaysia

ORIGINAL PAPER

Regaining Autonomy in a Holding Environment: Patients’ Perspectives on the Existential Communication with Physicians When Suffering from a Severe, Chronic Illness: A Qualitative Nordic Study

Original Paper

Integrating Religion and Spirituality into Psychiatric Outpatient Treatment in the United States

ORIGINAL PAPER

Springer Medizin

Traditional Somali Diaspora Medical Practices in the USA: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2023

Dyadic Peer Support to Improve Diet and Physical Activity Among African American Church Members: An Exploratory Study

The Ignatian Examen in Medical Practice: A Model for Clinicians

Pathways to Immunity: Patterns of Excess Death Across the United States and Within Closed Religious Communities

Halal or Haram? The COVID-19 Vaccine Discussion Among Twitter users in Malaysia

Regaining Autonomy in a Holding Environment: Patients’ Perspectives on the Existential Communication with Physicians When Suffering from a Severe, Chronic Illness: A Qualitative Nordic Study

Integrating Religion and Spirituality into Psychiatric Outpatient Treatment in the United States

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Dyadic Peer Support to Improve Diet and Physical Activity Among African American Church Members: An Exploratory Study

The Ignatian Examen in Medical Practice: A Model for Clinicians

Pathways to Immunity: Patterns of Excess Death Across the United States and Within Closed Religious Communities

Halal or Haram? The COVID-19 Vaccine Discussion Among Twitter users in Malaysia

Regaining Autonomy in a Holding Environment: Patients’ Perspectives on the Existential Communication with Physicians When Suffering from a Severe, Chronic Illness: A Qualitative Nordic Study

Integrating Religion and Spirituality into Psychiatric Outpatient Treatment in the United States