Background
Methods
Participants
Physical activity measurements
Assessment of weight, and body composition
Questionnaire data
Statistical analysis
Results
Subject characteristics
PA trajectories (PASE score) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | Low- activity-declining (N = 2555) | Moderate- activity- declining (N = 2977) | High- activity- declining (N = 432) | Whole cohort (N = 5964) |
P
|
Change in PAa
| −54.1 (45.7) | −58.5 (50.1) | −69.0 (56.9) | −57.6 (49.1) | <0.0001b
|
Mean age (y) | 73.5 (5.8) | 73.8 (5.9) | 73.5 (6.2) | 73.7 (5.9) | 0.21 |
Age Category | 0.37 | ||||
≤ 73 yrs | 1373 (53.7) | 1544 (51.9) | 238 (55.1) | 3155 (52.9) | |
> 73 yrs | 1182 (46.3) | 1433 (48.1) | 194 (44.9) | 2809 (47.1) | |
Race/ethnicity (%) | <0.0001 | ||||
White | 2253 (88.2) | 2699 (90.7) | 382 (88.4) | 5334 (89.4) | |
African American | 134 (5.2) | 100 (3.4) | 8 (1.9) | 242 (4.1) | |
Asian | 96 (3.8) | 83 (2.8) | 12 (2.8) | 191 (3.2) | |
Hispanic | 42 (1.6) | 59 (2.0) | 25 (5.8) | 126 (2.1) | |
Other | 30 (1.2) | 36 (1.2) | 5 (1.2) | 71 (1.2) | |
College education or higher | 1364 (53.4) | 1579 (53.0) | 232 (53.7) | 3175 (53.2) | 0.95 |
Alcohol intake (drinks/wk) | 0.05 | ||||
None | 957 (37.5) | 1006 (33.8) | 142 (32.9) | 2105 (35.3) | |
Light | 641 (25.1) | 789 (26.5) | 112 (25.9) | 1542 (25.9) | |
Moderate/high | 952 (37.3) | 1179 (39.6) | 178 (41.2) | 2309 (38.8) | |
Smoking (n, %) | 0.0004 | ||||
None/past smoker | 2441 (95.6) | 2891 (97.1) | 426 (98.6) | 5758 (96.6) | |
Current smoker | 113 (4.4) | 86 (2.9) | 6 (1.4) | 205 (3.4) | |
Self-reported health (n, %) | <0.0001 | ||||
Very poor/poor/fair | 531 (20.8) | 296 (9.9) | 15 (3.5) | 842 (14.1) | |
Excellent/good | 2022 (79.2) | 2681 (90.1) | 417 (96.5) | 5120 (85.9) | |
Height, mean, cm | 174.4 (6.9) | 174.0 (6.7) | 173.6 (6.5) | 174.1 (6.8) | 0.03 |
Weight, mean, kg | 84.5 (14.1) | 82.2 (12.4) | 80.8 (12.5) | 83.1 (13.2) | <0.0001 |
BMI, mean kg/m2
| 27.8 (4.1) | 27.1 (3.5) | 26.8 (3.7) | 27.4 (3.8) | <0.0001 |
BMI Categories (kg/m2) | <0.0001 | ||||
< 25 | 640 (25.1) | 861 (28.9) | 138 (31.9) | 1639 (27.5) | |
25–30 | 1279 (50.1) | 1540 (51.8) | 231 (53.5) | 3050 (51.2) | |
≥ 30 | 636 (24.9) | 574 (19.3) | 63 (14.6) | 1273 (21.4) | |
History of CVD | 799 (31.3) | 747 (25.1) | 77 (17.8) | 1623 (27.2) | <0.0001 |
History of CHD | 158 (6.2) | 149 (5.0) | 9 (2.1) | 316 (5.3) | 0.001 |
Self-reported cancer | 749 (29.3) | 871 (29.3) | 115 (26.6) | 1735 (29.1) | 0.501 |
Self -reported Hypertension | 1216 (47.6) | 1214 (40.8) | 133 (30.8) | 2563 (43.0) | <0.0001 |
Self- reported Diabetes | 362 (14.2) | 268 (9.0) | 18 (4.2) | 648 (10.9) | <0.0001 |
History of Fracture after 50 yrs | 585 (22.9) | 655 (22.0) | 110 (25.5) | 1350 (22.7) | 0.39 |
Fall in last year (n,%) | 582 (22.8) | 581 (19.5) | 94 (21.8) | 1257 (21.1) | 0.01 |
Patterns of change in PA
Individual patterns of change in body weight, LM, and fat mass
Joint trajectory patterns of physical activity and body composition
Change in body weight by activity and weight pattern | |||||||||||
Traj. | Low-activity-declining | Moderate-activity-declining | High-activity-declining |
P
overall
d
| |||||||
N
| Mean (SD) |
P
(ΔV3-V1)
|
N
| Mean (SD) |
P
(ΔV3-V1)
|
N
| Mean (SD) |
P
(ΔV3-V1)
| |||
Body weight Traj | 1 | 207 | −2.61 ± 4.76 | <.0001 | 306 | −2.30 ± 4.20 | <.0001 | 55 | −3.12 ± 4.84 | 0.0002 | <.0001 |
2 | 552 | −2.38 ± 4.49 | <.0001 | 982 | −2.17 ± 6.15 | <.0001 | 70 | −1.23 ± 5.25 | .09 | ||
3 | 613 | −2.47 ± 5.83 | <.0001 | 962 | −2.32 ± 4.79 | <.0001 | 138 | −2.67 ± 4.57 | <.0001 | ||
4 | 678 | −2.80 ± 4.64 | <.0001 | 593 | −2.43 ± 4.35 | <.0001 | 167 | −2.05 ± 4.07 | <.0001 | ||
5 | 275 | −0.65 ± 6.76 | .21 | 201 | −2.00 ± 8.42 | 005 | 16 | −2.44 ± 6.46 | .24 | ||
6 | 111 | 1.00 ± 9.11 | .37 | 23 | 33.35 ± 9.00 | .19 | 15 | −0.04 ± 5.50 | .98 | ||
P
within body weight-PA traj groupc
| <.0001 | <.0001 | .24 | ||||||||
Change in fat mass by activity and fat mass pattern | |||||||||||
Traj. | Low-activity-declining | Moderate-activity-declining | High-activity-declining |
P
overall
d
| |||||||
N
| Mean (SD) |
P
(ΔV3-V1)
|
N
| Mean (SD) |
P
(ΔV3-V1)
|
N
| Mean (SD) |
P
(ΔV3-V1)
| |||
Fat mass Traj. | 1 | 1181 | −0.19 ± 2.93 | .07 | 619 | −0.10 ± 3.23 | .56 | 178 | −0.01 ± 3.14 | .96 | <.0001 |
2 | 900 | 0.05 ± 3.47 | .72 | 757 | 0.33 ± 3.36 | .05 | 127 | 0.08 ± 3.36 | .83 | ||
3 | 394 | −0.19 ± 2.64 | .26 | 205 | −0.38 ± 3.18 | .20 | 100 | −0.34 ± 2.36 | .21 | ||
4 | 509 | 0.36 ± 4.33 | .13 | 490 | 0.45 ± 4.13 | .08 | 33 | 0.84 ± 2.98 | .18 | ||
5 | 109 | 1.07 ± 5.22 | .07 | 237 | 1.54 ± 4.72 | .0004 | 16 | 1.66 ± 2.62 | .08 | ||
6 | 8 | −1.92 ± 8.30 | .67 | 93 | 2.32 ± 4.98 | .004 | 8 | −0.35 ± 3.65 | .84 | ||
P
within fat mass-PA traj groupc
| <.0001 | <.0001 | .51 | ||||||||
Change in LM by activity and LM pattern | |||||||||||
Traj. | Low-activity-declining | Moderate-activity-declining | High-activity-declining |
P
overall
d
| |||||||
N
| Mean (SD) |
P
(ΔV3-V1)
|
N
| Mean (SD) |
P
(ΔV3-V1)
|
N
| Mean (SD) |
P
(ΔV3-V1)
| |||
LM Traj. | 1 | 220 | −2.14 ± 1.91 | <.0001 | 226 | −1.70 ± 2.31 | <.0001 | 17 | −2.29 ± 2.72 | .014 | <.0001 |
2 | 581 | −2.13 ± 2.61 | <.0001 | 687 | −1.66 ± 2.25 | <.0001 | 114 | −1.91 ± 2.27 | <.0001 | ||
3 | 644 | −2.17 ± 2.75 | <.0001 | 972 | −1.77 ± 2.23 | <.0001 | 159 | −2.14 ± 1.94 | <.0001 | ||
4 | 596 | −2.03 ± 3.14 | <.0001 | 694 | −1.79 ± 2.62 | <.0001 | 76 | −1.60 ± 2.31 | <.0001 | ||
5 | 342 | −1.74 ± 3.09 | <.0001 | 360 | −2.21 ± 3.20 | <.0001 | 63 | −0.93 ± 3.01 | .04 | ||
6 | 128 | −1.60 ± 4.36 | .002 | 69 | −1.98 ± 3.93 | .002 | 16 | −1.91 ± 3.77 | .14 | ||
P
within LM-PAtraj groupc
| .04 | <.001 | .81 |