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Erschienen in: Inflammopharmacology 5/2017

17.03.2017 | Original Article

Tramadol differentially regulates M1 and M2 macrophages from human umbilical cord blood

verfasst von: Jun Zhang, Liang Chen, Yunyun Sun, Yuanhai Li

Erschienen in: Inflammopharmacology | Ausgabe 5/2017

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Abstract

Tramadol is an analgesic drug and relieves pain through activating μ-opioid receptors and inhibiting serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake. Emerging evidence shows that it also stimulates immune cells, including NK cells, splenocytes, and lymphocytes, and elevates IL-2 production. However, it remains unknown whether and how tramadol directly affects macrophages. To answer these questions, we collected human umbilical cord blood, isolated macrophages, and examined their responses to tramadol. Although tramadol did not alter resting macrophages and the antigen-presenting function in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages, it regulated M1 and M2 macrophages, which are, respectively, transformed by IFN-γ and IL-4. Interestingly, tramadol inhibits production and secretion of cytokines in M1 macrophages, but facilitates the production of inflammation-responding molecules, synthesized in M2 macrophages. We also found that STAT6 cascade pathway in M2 macrophages was significantly enhanced by tramadol. Therefore, this study reveals that tramadol regulates inflammation by inhibiting M1 macrophages (killing process), but promoting the function of M2 macrophages (healing process).
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Metadaten
Titel
Tramadol differentially regulates M1 and M2 macrophages from human umbilical cord blood
verfasst von
Jun Zhang
Liang Chen
Yunyun Sun
Yuanhai Li
Publikationsdatum
17.03.2017
Verlag
Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in
Inflammopharmacology / Ausgabe 5/2017
Print ISSN: 0925-4692
Elektronische ISSN: 1568-5608
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-017-0338-z

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