Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Techniques in Coloproctology 5/2014

01.05.2014 | How I Do It

Translabial ultrasound in the assessment of pelvic floor and anorectal function in women with defecatory disorders

verfasst von: H. P. Dietz

Erschienen in: Techniques in Coloproctology | Ausgabe 5/2014

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

This article shows how modern ultrasound imaging can contribute to the investigation of patients with posterior vaginal wall prolapse, obstructed defecation, fecal incontinence and rectal intussusception/prolapse, conditions that should be similarly relevant and of interest to colorectal surgeons, gastroenterologists and gynecologists. Translabial/perineal ultrasound, a simple, universally available technique, may serve as a first-line diagnostic tool in women with posterior compartment prolapse and/or symptoms of obstructed defecation, largely replacing defecation proctography and magnetic resonance proctography. This has advantages for healthcare systems, since sonographic imaging is less expensive, non-invasive, less time-consuming and does not involve radiation exposure. However, there is a substantial need for teaching that remains unmet to date. This article illustrates in details the technique of translabial ultrasonography adopted by our unit and reviews the literature supporting this method of assessing pelvic floor and anorectal function in women with defecatory disorders.
Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietz HP, Korda A (2005) Which bowel symptoms are most strongly associated with a true rectocele? Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 45:505–508PubMedCrossRef Dietz HP, Korda A (2005) Which bowel symptoms are most strongly associated with a true rectocele? Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 45:505–508PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Davis K, Kumar D (2006) Posterior pelvic floor compartment disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 19:941–958CrossRef Davis K, Kumar D (2006) Posterior pelvic floor compartment disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 19:941–958CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Kepenecki I, Kesinkilic B, Akinsu F et al (2011) Prevalence of pelvic floor disorders in the female population and the impact of age, mode of delivery, and parity. Dis Colon Rectum 54:85–94CrossRef Kepenecki I, Kesinkilic B, Akinsu F et al (2011) Prevalence of pelvic floor disorders in the female population and the impact of age, mode of delivery, and parity. Dis Colon Rectum 54:85–94CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietz H (2004) Ultrasound imaging of the pelvic floor: part 1: 2D aspects. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 23:80–92PubMedCrossRef Dietz H (2004) Ultrasound imaging of the pelvic floor: part 1: 2D aspects. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 23:80–92PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Kohorn EI, Scioscia AL, Jeanty P, Hobbins JC (1986) Ultrasound cystourethrography by perineal scanning for the assessment of female stress urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol 68:269–272PubMed Kohorn EI, Scioscia AL, Jeanty P, Hobbins JC (1986) Ultrasound cystourethrography by perineal scanning for the assessment of female stress urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol 68:269–272PubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Grischke EM, Dietz HP, Jeanty P, Schmidt W (1986) A new study method: the perineal scan in obstetrics and gynecology. Ultraschall Med 7:154–161PubMedCrossRef Grischke EM, Dietz HP, Jeanty P, Schmidt W (1986) A new study method: the perineal scan in obstetrics and gynecology. Ultraschall Med 7:154–161PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietz H (2004) Ultrasound imaging of the pelvic floor: 3D aspects. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 23:615–625PubMedCrossRef Dietz H (2004) Ultrasound imaging of the pelvic floor: 3D aspects. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 23:615–625PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Bø K, Larson S, Oseid S, Kvarstein B, Hagen R, Jorgensen J (1988) Knowledge about and ability to do correct pelvic floor muscle exercises in women with urinary stress incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn 7:261–262 Bø K, Larson S, Oseid S, Kvarstein B, Hagen R, Jorgensen J (1988) Knowledge about and ability to do correct pelvic floor muscle exercises in women with urinary stress incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn 7:261–262
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Oerno A, Dietz H (2007) Levator co-activation is a significant confounder of pelvic organ descent on Valsalva maneuver. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 30:346–350CrossRef Oerno A, Dietz H (2007) Levator co-activation is a significant confounder of pelvic organ descent on Valsalva maneuver. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 30:346–350CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Mulder F, Shek K, Dietz H (2012) The pressure factor in the assessment of pelvic organ mobility. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 52:282–285PubMedCrossRef Mulder F, Shek K, Dietz H (2012) The pressure factor in the assessment of pelvic organ mobility. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 52:282–285PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Orejuela F, Shek K, Dietz H (2012) The time factor in the assessment of prolapse and levator ballooning. Int Urogynecol J 23:175–178PubMedCrossRef Orejuela F, Shek K, Dietz H (2012) The time factor in the assessment of prolapse and levator ballooning. Int Urogynecol J 23:175–178PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietz HP, Clarke B (2001) The influence of posture on perineal ultrasound imaging parameters. Int Urogynecol J 12:104–106CrossRef Dietz HP, Clarke B (2001) The influence of posture on perineal ultrasound imaging parameters. Int Urogynecol J 12:104–106CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Jung S, Pretorius D, Padda B et al (2007) Vaginal high-pressure zone assessed by dynamic 3-dimensional ultrasound images of the pelvic floor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 197:52.e1–52.e7CrossRef Jung S, Pretorius D, Padda B et al (2007) Vaginal high-pressure zone assessed by dynamic 3-dimensional ultrasound images of the pelvic floor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 197:52.e1–52.e7CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietz HP, Steensma AB (2005) Posterior compartment prolapse on two-dimensional and three-dimensional pelvic floor ultrasound: the distinction between true rectocele, perineal hypermobility and enterocele. Ultrasound Gynecol 26:73–77CrossRef Dietz HP, Steensma AB (2005) Posterior compartment prolapse on two-dimensional and three-dimensional pelvic floor ultrasound: the distinction between true rectocele, perineal hypermobility and enterocele. Ultrasound Gynecol 26:73–77CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang X, Shek K, Dietz H (2013) How large does a rectocele have to be to cause symptoms? Int Urogynecol J 24:S61CrossRef Zhang X, Shek K, Dietz H (2013) How large does a rectocele have to be to cause symptoms? Int Urogynecol J 24:S61CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Zbar A, Lienemann A, Fritsch H, Beer-Gabel M, Pescatori M (2003) Rectocele: pathogenesis and surgical management. Int J Colorectal Dis 18:369–384PubMedCrossRef Zbar A, Lienemann A, Fritsch H, Beer-Gabel M, Pescatori M (2003) Rectocele: pathogenesis and surgical management. Int J Colorectal Dis 18:369–384PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietz H (2009) Rectocele or stool quality: what matters more for symptoms of obstructed defecation? Tech Coloproctol 13:265–268PubMedCrossRef Dietz H (2009) Rectocele or stool quality: what matters more for symptoms of obstructed defecation? Tech Coloproctol 13:265–268PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Beer-Gabel M, Teshler M, Schechtman E, Zbar AP (2004) Dynamic transperineal ultrasound vs. defecography in patients with evacuatory difficulty: a pilot study. Int J Colorectal Dis 19:60–67PubMedCrossRef Beer-Gabel M, Teshler M, Schechtman E, Zbar AP (2004) Dynamic transperineal ultrasound vs. defecography in patients with evacuatory difficulty: a pilot study. Int J Colorectal Dis 19:60–67PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Beer-Gabel M, Teshler M, Barzilai N et al (2002) Dynamic transperineal ultrasound in the diagnosis of pelvic floor disorders: pilot study. Dis Colon Rectum 45:239–245PubMedCrossRef Beer-Gabel M, Teshler M, Barzilai N et al (2002) Dynamic transperineal ultrasound in the diagnosis of pelvic floor disorders: pilot study. Dis Colon Rectum 45:239–245PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Zbar A, Beer-Gabel M (2007) Clinical dynamic transperineal ultrasonography in proctologic practice: the case for its use in patients presenting with evacuatory difficulty. In: Santoro GA, di Falco G (eds) Benign anorectal diseases: diagnosis with endoanal and endorectal ultrasound and new treatment options. Springer, Milan Zbar A, Beer-Gabel M (2007) Clinical dynamic transperineal ultrasonography in proctologic practice: the case for its use in patients presenting with evacuatory difficulty. In: Santoro GA, di Falco G (eds) Benign anorectal diseases: diagnosis with endoanal and endorectal ultrasound and new treatment options. Springer, Milan
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Perniola G, Shek K, Chong C, Chew S, Cartmill J, Dietz H (2008) Defecation proctography and translabial ultrasound in the investigation of defecatory disorders. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 31:567–571PubMedCrossRef Perniola G, Shek K, Chong C, Chew S, Cartmill J, Dietz H (2008) Defecation proctography and translabial ultrasound in the investigation of defecatory disorders. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 31:567–571PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Steensma AB, Oom DMJ, Burger C, Schouten W (2010) Assessment of posterior compartment prolapse: a comparison of evacuation proctography and 3D transperineal ultrasound. Colorectal Dis 12:533–539PubMedCrossRef Steensma AB, Oom DMJ, Burger C, Schouten W (2010) Assessment of posterior compartment prolapse: a comparison of evacuation proctography and 3D transperineal ultrasound. Colorectal Dis 12:533–539PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietz HP (2011) Can the rectovaginal septum be visualised on ultrasound? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 37:348–352PubMedCrossRef Dietz HP (2011) Can the rectovaginal septum be visualised on ultrasound? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 37:348–352PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Richardson AC (1993) The rectovaginal septum revisited: its relationship to rectocele and its importance in rectocele repair. Clin Obstet Gynecol 36:976–983PubMedCrossRef Richardson AC (1993) The rectovaginal septum revisited: its relationship to rectocele and its importance in rectocele repair. Clin Obstet Gynecol 36:976–983PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Guzman Rojas R, Shek K, Kamisan Atan I, Dietz H (2013) Defect-specific rectocele repair: medium-term subjective and objective outcomes. Neurourol Urodyn 32(6):868–870 Guzman Rojas R, Shek K, Kamisan Atan I, Dietz H (2013) Defect-specific rectocele repair: medium-term subjective and objective outcomes. Neurourol Urodyn 32(6):868–870
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Beer-Gabel M, Assoulin Y, Amitai M, Bardan E (2008) A comparison of dynamic transperineal ultrasound (DTP-US) with dynamic evacuation proctography (DEP) in the diagnosis of cul de sac hernia (enterocele) in patients with evacuatory dysfunction. Int J Colorectal Dis 23:513–519PubMedCrossRef Beer-Gabel M, Assoulin Y, Amitai M, Bardan E (2008) A comparison of dynamic transperineal ultrasound (DTP-US) with dynamic evacuation proctography (DEP) in the diagnosis of cul de sac hernia (enterocele) in patients with evacuatory dysfunction. Int J Colorectal Dis 23:513–519PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Morandi C, Martellucci J, Talento P, Carriero A (2010) Role of enterocele in the obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS): a new radiological point of view. Colorectal Dis 12:810–816PubMedCrossRef Morandi C, Martellucci J, Talento P, Carriero A (2010) Role of enterocele in the obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS): a new radiological point of view. Colorectal Dis 12:810–816PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Fenner DE (1996) Diagnosis and assessment of sigmoidoceles. Am J Obstet Gynecol 175:1438–1442PubMedCrossRef Fenner DE (1996) Diagnosis and assessment of sigmoidoceles. Am J Obstet Gynecol 175:1438–1442PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Rodrigo N, Shek K, Dietz H (2011) Rectal intussusception is associated with abnormal levator structure and morphometry. Tech Coloproctol 15:39–43PubMedCrossRef Rodrigo N, Shek K, Dietz H (2011) Rectal intussusception is associated with abnormal levator structure and morphometry. Tech Coloproctol 15:39–43PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Hwang JJ, Macinga D, Rorke EA (1996) Relaxin modulates human cervical stromal cell activity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:3379–3384PubMed Hwang JJ, Macinga D, Rorke EA (1996) Relaxin modulates human cervical stromal cell activity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:3379–3384PubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Konstantinovic ML, Steensma AB, Domali E et al (2007) Correlation between 3D/4D translabial ultrasound and colpocystodefecography in diagnosis of posterior compartment prolapse. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 30:448CrossRef Konstantinovic ML, Steensma AB, Domali E et al (2007) Correlation between 3D/4D translabial ultrasound and colpocystodefecography in diagnosis of posterior compartment prolapse. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 30:448CrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Grasso R, Piciucchi S, Quattrocchi CC, Sammarra M, Ripetti V, Zobel BB (2007) Posterior pelvic floor disorders: a prospective comparison using introital ultrasound and colpocystodefecography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 30:86–94PubMedCrossRef Grasso R, Piciucchi S, Quattrocchi CC, Sammarra M, Ripetti V, Zobel BB (2007) Posterior pelvic floor disorders: a prospective comparison using introital ultrasound and colpocystodefecography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 30:86–94PubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Peschers UM, DeLancey JO, Schaer GN, Schuessler B (1997) Exoanal ultrasound of the anal sphincter: normal anatomy and sphincter defects. BJOG 104:999–1003CrossRef Peschers UM, DeLancey JO, Schaer GN, Schuessler B (1997) Exoanal ultrasound of the anal sphincter: normal anatomy and sphincter defects. BJOG 104:999–1003CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Kleinubing H Jr, Jannini JF, Malafaia O, Brenner S, Pinho TM (2000) Transperineal ultrasonography: new method to image the anorectal region. Dis Colon Rectum 43:1572–1574PubMedCrossRef Kleinubing H Jr, Jannini JF, Malafaia O, Brenner S, Pinho TM (2000) Transperineal ultrasonography: new method to image the anorectal region. Dis Colon Rectum 43:1572–1574PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Yagel S, Valsky DV (2006) Three-dimensional transperineal sonography for evaluation of the anal sphincter complex: another dimension in understanding peripartum sphincter trauma. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 27:119–123PubMedCrossRef Yagel S, Valsky DV (2006) Three-dimensional transperineal sonography for evaluation of the anal sphincter complex: another dimension in understanding peripartum sphincter trauma. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 27:119–123PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Hall RJ, Rogers RG, Saiz L, Qualls C (2007) Translabial ultrasound assessment of the anal sphincter complex: normal measurements of the internal and external anal sphincters at the proximal, mid- and distal levels. Int Urogynecol J 18:881–888CrossRef Hall RJ, Rogers RG, Saiz L, Qualls C (2007) Translabial ultrasound assessment of the anal sphincter complex: normal measurements of the internal and external anal sphincters at the proximal, mid- and distal levels. Int Urogynecol J 18:881–888CrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee J, Pretorius D, Weinstein MM, Guaderrama N, Nager CW, Mittal R (2007) Transperineal three-dimensional ultrasound in evaluating anal sphincter muscles. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 30:201–209PubMedCrossRef Lee J, Pretorius D, Weinstein MM, Guaderrama N, Nager CW, Mittal R (2007) Transperineal three-dimensional ultrasound in evaluating anal sphincter muscles. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 30:201–209PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Cornelia L, Stephan B, Michel B, Antoine W, Felix K (2002) Trans-perineal versus endo-anal ultrasound in the detection of anal sphincter tears. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 103:79–82PubMedCrossRef Cornelia L, Stephan B, Michel B, Antoine W, Felix K (2002) Trans-perineal versus endo-anal ultrasound in the detection of anal sphincter tears. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 103:79–82PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Shek K, Guzman Rojas R, Dietz HP (2013) Residual defects of the external anal sphincter are common after OASIS repair. Neurourol Urodyn 31:913–914 Shek K, Guzman Rojas R, Dietz HP (2013) Residual defects of the external anal sphincter are common after OASIS repair. Neurourol Urodyn 31:913–914
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Oom DM, West CR, Schouten WR, Steensma AB (2012) Detection of anal sphincter defects in female patients with fecal incontinence: a comparison of 3-dimensional transperineal ultrasound and 2-dimensional endoanal ultrasound. Dis Colon Rectum 55:646–652PubMedCrossRef Oom DM, West CR, Schouten WR, Steensma AB (2012) Detection of anal sphincter defects in female patients with fecal incontinence: a comparison of 3-dimensional transperineal ultrasound and 2-dimensional endoanal ultrasound. Dis Colon Rectum 55:646–652PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Roos A, Abdool Z, Sultan A, Thakar R (2011) The diagnostic accuracy of endovaginal and transperineal ultrasound for detecting anal sphincter defects: the PREDICT study. Clin Radiol 66:597–604PubMedCrossRef Roos A, Abdool Z, Sultan A, Thakar R (2011) The diagnostic accuracy of endovaginal and transperineal ultrasound for detecting anal sphincter defects: the PREDICT study. Clin Radiol 66:597–604PubMedCrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Gainey HL (1943) Post-partum observation of pelvic tissue damage. Am J Obstet Gynecol 46:457–466 Gainey HL (1943) Post-partum observation of pelvic tissue damage. Am J Obstet Gynecol 46:457–466
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Kearney R, Miller J, Ashton-Miller J, Delancey J (2006) Obstetric factors associated with levator ani muscle injury after vaginal birth. Obstet Gynecol 107:144–149PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Kearney R, Miller J, Ashton-Miller J, Delancey J (2006) Obstetric factors associated with levator ani muscle injury after vaginal birth. Obstet Gynecol 107:144–149PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietz HP, Steensma AB (2006) The prevalence of major abnormalities of the levator ani in urogynaecological patients. BJOG 113:225–230PubMedCrossRef Dietz HP, Steensma AB (2006) The prevalence of major abnormalities of the levator ani in urogynaecological patients. BJOG 113:225–230PubMedCrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Svabik K, Shek K, Dietz H (2009) How much does the levator hiatus have to stretch during childbirth? BJOG 116:1657–1662PubMedCrossRef Svabik K, Shek K, Dietz H (2009) How much does the levator hiatus have to stretch during childbirth? BJOG 116:1657–1662PubMedCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietz H, Lanzarone V (2005) Levator trauma after vaginal delivery. Obstet Gynecol 106:707–712PubMedCrossRef Dietz H, Lanzarone V (2005) Levator trauma after vaginal delivery. Obstet Gynecol 106:707–712PubMedCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietz H, Gillespie A, Phadke P (2007) Avulsion of the pubovisceral muscle associated with large vaginal tear after normal vaginal delivery at term. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 47:341–344PubMedCrossRef Dietz H, Gillespie A, Phadke P (2007) Avulsion of the pubovisceral muscle associated with large vaginal tear after normal vaginal delivery at term. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 47:341–344PubMedCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Valsky DV, Lipschuetz M, Bord A et al (2009) Fetal head circumference and length of second stage of labor are risk factors for levator ani muscle injury, diagnosed by 3-dimensional transperineal ultrasound in primiparous women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 201:91.e91–91.e97CrossRef Valsky DV, Lipschuetz M, Bord A et al (2009) Fetal head circumference and length of second stage of labor are risk factors for levator ani muscle injury, diagnosed by 3-dimensional transperineal ultrasound in primiparous women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 201:91.e91–91.e97CrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Krofta L, Otcenasek M, Kasikova E, Feyereisl J (2009) Pubococcygeus-puborec talis trauma after forceps delivery: evaluation of the levator ani muscle with 3D/4D ultrasound. Int Urogynecol J 20:1175–1181CrossRef Krofta L, Otcenasek M, Kasikova E, Feyereisl J (2009) Pubococcygeus-puborec talis trauma after forceps delivery: evaluation of the levator ani muscle with 3D/4D ultrasound. Int Urogynecol J 20:1175–1181CrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Cassado Garriga J, Pessarodona Isern A, Espuna Pons M, Duran Retamal M, Felgueroso Fabregas A, Rodriguez-Carballeira M (2011) Tridimensional sonographic anatomical changes on pelvic floor muscle according to the type of delivery. Int Urogynecol J 22:1011–1018PubMedCrossRef Cassado Garriga J, Pessarodona Isern A, Espuna Pons M, Duran Retamal M, Felgueroso Fabregas A, Rodriguez-Carballeira M (2011) Tridimensional sonographic anatomical changes on pelvic floor muscle according to the type of delivery. Int Urogynecol J 22:1011–1018PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Albrich S, Laterza R, Skala C, Salvatore S, Koelbl H, Naumann G (2012) Impact of mode of delivery on levator morphology: a prospective observational study with 3D ultrasound early in the postpartum period. BJOG 119:51–60PubMedCrossRef Albrich S, Laterza R, Skala C, Salvatore S, Koelbl H, Naumann G (2012) Impact of mode of delivery on levator morphology: a prospective observational study with 3D ultrasound early in the postpartum period. BJOG 119:51–60PubMedCrossRef
53.
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Alcalay M, Brecher S, Kalter A, Schiff E, Eisenberg V (2011) Different patterns of pelvic floor dysfunction in forceps and vacuum deliveries. Int Urogynecol J 22:S69–S70CrossRef Alcalay M, Brecher S, Kalter A, Schiff E, Eisenberg V (2011) Different patterns of pelvic floor dysfunction in forceps and vacuum deliveries. Int Urogynecol J 22:S69–S70CrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Athanasiou S, Chaliha C, Toozs-Hobson P, Salvatore S, Khullar V, Cardozo L (2007) Direct imaging of the pelvic floor muscles using two-dimensional ultrasound: a comparison of women with urogenital prolapse versus controls. BJOG 114:882–888PubMedCrossRef Athanasiou S, Chaliha C, Toozs-Hobson P, Salvatore S, Khullar V, Cardozo L (2007) Direct imaging of the pelvic floor muscles using two-dimensional ultrasound: a comparison of women with urogenital prolapse versus controls. BJOG 114:882–888PubMedCrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietz HP, Shek KL (2009) Levator defects can be diagnosed by 2D translabial ultrasound. Int Urogynecol J 20:807–811CrossRef Dietz HP, Shek KL (2009) Levator defects can be diagnosed by 2D translabial ultrasound. Int Urogynecol J 20:807–811CrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietz H (2007) Quantification of major morphological abnormalities of the levator ani. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 29:329–334PubMedCrossRef Dietz H (2007) Quantification of major morphological abnormalities of the levator ani. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 29:329–334PubMedCrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietz H, Bernardo M, Kirby A, Shek K (2010) Minimal criteria for the diagnosis of avulsion of the puborectalis muscle by tomographic ultrasound. Int Urogynecol J 22:699–704PubMedCrossRef Dietz H, Bernardo M, Kirby A, Shek K (2010) Minimal criteria for the diagnosis of avulsion of the puborectalis muscle by tomographic ultrasound. Int Urogynecol J 22:699–704PubMedCrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Kashihara H, Shek K, Dietz H (2012) Can we identify the limits of the puborectalis/pubovisceralis muscle on tomographic translabial ultrasound? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 40:219–222PubMedCrossRef Kashihara H, Shek K, Dietz H (2012) Can we identify the limits of the puborectalis/pubovisceralis muscle on tomographic translabial ultrasound? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 40:219–222PubMedCrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Adisuroso T, Shek K, Dietz H (2012) Tomographic imaging of the pelvic floor in nulliparous women: limits of normality. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 39:698–703PubMedCrossRef Adisuroso T, Shek K, Dietz H (2012) Tomographic imaging of the pelvic floor in nulliparous women: limits of normality. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 39:698–703PubMedCrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Weemhoff M, Vergeldt T, Notten K, Serroyen J, Kampschoer P, Roumen F (2012) Avulsion of puborectalis muscle and other risk factors for cystocele recurrence: a 2-year follow-up study. Int Urogynecol J 23:65–71PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Weemhoff M, Vergeldt T, Notten K, Serroyen J, Kampschoer P, Roumen F (2012) Avulsion of puborectalis muscle and other risk factors for cystocele recurrence: a 2-year follow-up study. Int Urogynecol J 23:65–71PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhuang R, Song Y, Chen Q et al (2011) Levator avulsion using a tomographic ultrasound and magnetic resonance–based model. Am J Obstet Gynecol 205:232.e231–232.e238CrossRef Zhuang R, Song Y, Chen Q et al (2011) Levator avulsion using a tomographic ultrasound and magnetic resonance–based model. Am J Obstet Gynecol 205:232.e231–232.e238CrossRef
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Abdool Z, Shek K, Dietz H (2009) The effect of levator avulsion on hiatal dimensions and function. Am J Obstet Gynecol 201:89.e81–89.e85CrossRef Abdool Z, Shek K, Dietz H (2009) The effect of levator avulsion on hiatal dimensions and function. Am J Obstet Gynecol 201:89.e81–89.e85CrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietz H, Bhalla R, Chantarasorn V, Shek K (2011) Avulsion of the puborectalis muscle causes asymmetry of the levator hiatus. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 37:723–726PubMedCrossRef Dietz H, Bhalla R, Chantarasorn V, Shek K (2011) Avulsion of the puborectalis muscle causes asymmetry of the levator hiatus. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 37:723–726PubMedCrossRef
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietz H, Simpson J (2008) Levator trauma is associated with pelvic organ prolapse. BJOG 115:979–984PubMedCrossRef Dietz H, Simpson J (2008) Levator trauma is associated with pelvic organ prolapse. BJOG 115:979–984PubMedCrossRef
66.
Zurück zum Zitat DeLancey JO, Morgan DM, Fenner DE et al (2007) Comparison of levator ani muscle defects and function in women with and without pelvic organ prolapse. Obstet Gynecol 109:295–302PubMedCrossRef DeLancey JO, Morgan DM, Fenner DE et al (2007) Comparison of levator ani muscle defects and function in women with and without pelvic organ prolapse. Obstet Gynecol 109:295–302PubMedCrossRef
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietz HP, Shek C (2008) Levator avulsion and grading of pelvic floor muscle strength. Int Urogynecol J 19:633–636CrossRef Dietz HP, Shek C (2008) Levator avulsion and grading of pelvic floor muscle strength. Int Urogynecol J 19:633–636CrossRef
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietz HP, Chantarasorn V, Shek KL (2010) Levator avulsion is a risk factor for cystocele recurrence. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 36:76–80PubMedCrossRef Dietz HP, Chantarasorn V, Shek KL (2010) Levator avulsion is a risk factor for cystocele recurrence. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 36:76–80PubMedCrossRef
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Wong V, Shek K, Goh J, Rane A, Dietz HP (2011) Is levator avulsion a predictor for cystocele recurrence following anterior compartment mesh? Neurourol Urodyn 30:879–880 Wong V, Shek K, Goh J, Rane A, Dietz HP (2011) Is levator avulsion a predictor for cystocele recurrence following anterior compartment mesh? Neurourol Urodyn 30:879–880
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Weemhoff M, Vergeldt T, Notten K, Serroyen J, Kampschoer P, Roumen F (2011) Avulsion of puborectalis muscle and other risk factors for cystocele recurrence: a 2-year follow-up study. Int Urogynecol J 23:65–71PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Weemhoff M, Vergeldt T, Notten K, Serroyen J, Kampschoer P, Roumen F (2011) Avulsion of puborectalis muscle and other risk factors for cystocele recurrence: a 2-year follow-up study. Int Urogynecol J 23:65–71PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Model A, Shek KL, Dietz HP (2010) Levator defects are associated with prolapse after pelvic floor surgery. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 153:220–223PubMedCrossRef Model A, Shek KL, Dietz HP (2010) Levator defects are associated with prolapse after pelvic floor surgery. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 153:220–223PubMedCrossRef
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietz HP, Hyland G, Hay-Smith J (2006) The assessment of levator trauma: a comparison between palpation and 4D pelvic floor ultrasound. Neurourol Urodyn 25:424–427PubMedCrossRef Dietz HP, Hyland G, Hay-Smith J (2006) The assessment of levator trauma: a comparison between palpation and 4D pelvic floor ultrasound. Neurourol Urodyn 25:424–427PubMedCrossRef
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Kearney R, Miller JM, Delancey JO (2006) Interrater reliability and physical examination of the pubovisceral portion of the levator ani muscle, validity comparisons using MR imaging. Neurourol Urodyn 25:50–54PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Kearney R, Miller JM, Delancey JO (2006) Interrater reliability and physical examination of the pubovisceral portion of the levator ani muscle, validity comparisons using MR imaging. Neurourol Urodyn 25:50–54PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietz H, Abbu A, Shek K (2008) The levator urethral gap measurement: a more objective means of determining levator avulsion? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 32:941–945PubMedCrossRef Dietz H, Abbu A, Shek K (2008) The levator urethral gap measurement: a more objective means of determining levator avulsion? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 32:941–945PubMedCrossRef
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Singh K, Jakab M, Reid W, Berger LA, Hoyte L (2003) Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging assessment of levator ani morphologic features in different grades of prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol 188:910–915PubMedCrossRef Singh K, Jakab M, Reid W, Berger LA, Hoyte L (2003) Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging assessment of levator ani morphologic features in different grades of prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol 188:910–915PubMedCrossRef
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietz H, Bernardo M, Kirby A, Shek K (2011) Minimal criteria for the diagnosis of avulsion of the puborectalis muscle by tomographic ultrasound. Int Urogynecol J 22:699–704PubMedCrossRef Dietz H, Bernardo M, Kirby A, Shek K (2011) Minimal criteria for the diagnosis of avulsion of the puborectalis muscle by tomographic ultrasound. Int Urogynecol J 22:699–704PubMedCrossRef
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Pilzek A, Shek K, Guzman Rojas R, Kamisan Atan I, Dietz H (2013) Recurrence after prolapse surgery: does partial avulsion matter? Neurourol Urodyn 32:708–710 Pilzek A, Shek K, Guzman Rojas R, Kamisan Atan I, Dietz H (2013) Recurrence after prolapse surgery: does partial avulsion matter? Neurourol Urodyn 32:708–710
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietz H, Shek K, Daly O, Korda A (2012) Can levator avulsion be repaired surgically? Int Urogynecol J 24:1011–1015PubMedCrossRef Dietz H, Shek K, Daly O, Korda A (2012) Can levator avulsion be repaired surgically? Int Urogynecol J 24:1011–1015PubMedCrossRef
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Weinstein MM, Pretorius D, Jung SY, Nager CW, Mittal R (2007) Anatomic defects in the puborectalis muscle in women with fecal incontinence. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 30:637CrossRef Weinstein MM, Pretorius D, Jung SY, Nager CW, Mittal R (2007) Anatomic defects in the puborectalis muscle in women with fecal incontinence. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 30:637CrossRef
80.
Zurück zum Zitat van de Geest L, Steensma AB (2010) Three-dimensional transperineal ultrasound imaging of anal sphincter injuries after surgical primary repair. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 36:270CrossRef van de Geest L, Steensma AB (2010) Three-dimensional transperineal ultrasound imaging of anal sphincter injuries after surgical primary repair. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 36:270CrossRef
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Chantarasorn V, Shek K, Dietz H (2011) Sonographic detection of puborectalis muscle avulsion is not associated with anal incontinence. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 51:130–135PubMedCrossRef Chantarasorn V, Shek K, Dietz H (2011) Sonographic detection of puborectalis muscle avulsion is not associated with anal incontinence. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 51:130–135PubMedCrossRef
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Steensma A, Konstantinovic ML, Burger C, De Ridder D, Timmermann D, Deprest J (2010) Prevalence of major levator abnormalities in symptomatic patients with an underactive pelvic floor contraction. Int Urogynecol 21:861–867CrossRef Steensma A, Konstantinovic ML, Burger C, De Ridder D, Timmermann D, Deprest J (2010) Prevalence of major levator abnormalities in symptomatic patients with an underactive pelvic floor contraction. Int Urogynecol 21:861–867CrossRef
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietz H, Kirby A, Shek K, Bedwell P (2009) Does avulsion of the puborectalis muscle affect bladder function? Int Urogynecol J 20:967–972CrossRef Dietz H, Kirby A, Shek K, Bedwell P (2009) Does avulsion of the puborectalis muscle affect bladder function? Int Urogynecol J 20:967–972CrossRef
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Shek K, Pirpiris A, Dietz H (2010) Does levator avulsion increase urethral mobility? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 153:215–219PubMedCrossRef Shek K, Pirpiris A, Dietz H (2010) Does levator avulsion increase urethral mobility? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 153:215–219PubMedCrossRef
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietz H, Shek K, Clarke B (2005) Biometry of the pubovisceral muscle and levator hiatus by three-dimensional pelvic floor ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 25:580–585PubMedCrossRef Dietz H, Shek K, Clarke B (2005) Biometry of the pubovisceral muscle and levator hiatus by three-dimensional pelvic floor ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 25:580–585PubMedCrossRef
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietz H, De Leon J, Shek K (2008) Ballooning of the levator hiatus. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 31:676–680PubMedCrossRef Dietz H, De Leon J, Shek K (2008) Ballooning of the levator hiatus. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 31:676–680PubMedCrossRef
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang J, Yang S, Huang W (2006) Biometry of the pubovisceral muscle and levator hiatus in nulliparous Chinese women. Ultrsound Obstet Gynecol 26:710–716CrossRef Yang J, Yang S, Huang W (2006) Biometry of the pubovisceral muscle and levator hiatus in nulliparous Chinese women. Ultrsound Obstet Gynecol 26:710–716CrossRef
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Kruger J, Dietz H, Murphy B (2007) Pelvic floor function in elite nulliparous athletes and controls. J Ultrasound Med 30:81–85 Kruger J, Dietz H, Murphy B (2007) Pelvic floor function in elite nulliparous athletes and controls. J Ultrasound Med 30:81–85
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoff Braekken I, Majida M, Ellstrom Engh M, Dietz HP, Umek W, Bo K (2008) Test- retest and intra-observer repeatability of two-, three- and four-dimensional perineal ultrasound of pelvic floor muscle anatomy and function. Int Urogynecol J 19:227–235CrossRef Hoff Braekken I, Majida M, Ellstrom Engh M, Dietz HP, Umek W, Bo K (2008) Test- retest and intra-observer repeatability of two-, three- and four-dimensional perineal ultrasound of pelvic floor muscle anatomy and function. Int Urogynecol J 19:227–235CrossRef
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Kruger J, Heap X, Murphy B, Dietz H (2008) Pelvic floor function in nulliparous women using 3-dimensional ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Obstet Gynecol 111:631–638PubMedCrossRef Kruger J, Heap X, Murphy B, Dietz H (2008) Pelvic floor function in nulliparous women using 3-dimensional ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Obstet Gynecol 111:631–638PubMedCrossRef
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietz H, Wong V, Shek KL (2011) A simplified method for determining hiatal biometry. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 51:540–543PubMedCrossRef Dietz H, Wong V, Shek KL (2011) A simplified method for determining hiatal biometry. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 51:540–543PubMedCrossRef
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Majida M, Braekken I, Bø K, Benth J, Engh M (2011) Anterior but not posterior compartment prolapse is associated with levator hiatus area: a three- and four-dimensional transperineal ultrasound study. BJOG 118:329–337PubMedCrossRef Majida M, Braekken I, Bø K, Benth J, Engh M (2011) Anterior but not posterior compartment prolapse is associated with levator hiatus area: a three- and four-dimensional transperineal ultrasound study. BJOG 118:329–337PubMedCrossRef
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Barry C, Dietz H, Lim Y, Rane A (2006) A short-term independent audit of mesh repair for the treatment of rectocele in women, using 3-dimensional volume ultrasound: a pilot study. Aust N Z Cont J 12:94–99 Barry C, Dietz H, Lim Y, Rane A (2006) A short-term independent audit of mesh repair for the treatment of rectocele in women, using 3-dimensional volume ultrasound: a pilot study. Aust N Z Cont J 12:94–99
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Bump RC, Mattiasson A, Bø K et al (1996) The standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse and pelvic floor dysfunction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 175:10–17PubMedCrossRef Bump RC, Mattiasson A, Bø K et al (1996) The standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse and pelvic floor dysfunction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 175:10–17PubMedCrossRef
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Gerges B, Kamisan Atan I, Shek KL, Dietz HP (2013) How to determine “ballooning” of the levator hiatus on clinical examination. Int Urogynecol J 24:1933–1937 Gerges B, Kamisan Atan I, Shek KL, Dietz HP (2013) How to determine “ballooning” of the levator hiatus on clinical examination. Int Urogynecol J 24:1933–1937
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietz H, Korda A, Benness C, Wong V, Shek K, Daly O (2012) Surgical reduction of the levator hiatus. Neurourol Urodyn 31:872–873 Dietz H, Korda A, Benness C, Wong V, Shek K, Daly O (2012) Surgical reduction of the levator hiatus. Neurourol Urodyn 31:872–873
97.
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Dietz HP (2010) The role of two- and three-dimensional dynamic ultrasonography in pelvic organ prolapse. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 17:282–294PubMedCrossRef Dietz HP (2010) The role of two- and three-dimensional dynamic ultrasonography in pelvic organ prolapse. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 17:282–294PubMedCrossRef
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Guzman Rojas R, Shek KL, Langer S, Dietz HP (2013) The prevalence of anal sphincter injury in primiparous women. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 42:461–466 Guzman Rojas R, Shek KL, Langer S, Dietz HP (2013) The prevalence of anal sphincter injury in primiparous women. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 42:461–466
Metadaten
Titel
Translabial ultrasound in the assessment of pelvic floor and anorectal function in women with defecatory disorders
verfasst von
H. P. Dietz
Publikationsdatum
01.05.2014
Verlag
Springer Milan
Erschienen in
Techniques in Coloproctology / Ausgabe 5/2014
Print ISSN: 1123-6337
Elektronische ISSN: 1128-045X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10151-013-1117-5

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2014

Techniques in Coloproctology 5/2014 Zur Ausgabe

Update Chirurgie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

S3-Leitlinie „Diagnostik und Therapie des Karpaltunnelsyndroms“

CME: 2 Punkte

Prof. Dr. med. Gregor Antoniadis Das Karpaltunnelsyndrom ist die häufigste Kompressionsneuropathie peripherer Nerven. Obwohl die Anamnese mit dem nächtlichen Einschlafen der Hand (Brachialgia parästhetica nocturna) sehr typisch ist, ist eine klinisch-neurologische Untersuchung und Elektroneurografie in manchen Fällen auch eine Neurosonografie erforderlich. Im Anfangsstadium sind konservative Maßnahmen (Handgelenksschiene, Ergotherapie) empfehlenswert. Bei nicht Ansprechen der konservativen Therapie oder Auftreten von neurologischen Ausfällen ist eine Dekompression des N. medianus am Karpaltunnel indiziert.

Prof. Dr. med. Gregor Antoniadis
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.

S2e-Leitlinie „Distale Radiusfraktur“

CME: 2 Punkte

Dr. med. Benjamin Meyknecht, PD Dr. med. Oliver Pieske Das Webinar S2e-Leitlinie „Distale Radiusfraktur“ beschäftigt sich mit Fragen und Antworten zu Diagnostik und Klassifikation sowie Möglichkeiten des Ausschlusses von Zusatzverletzungen. Die Referenten erläutern, welche Frakturen konservativ behandelt werden können und wie. Das Webinar beantwortet die Frage nach aktuellen operativen Therapiekonzepten: Welcher Zugang, welches Osteosynthesematerial? Auf was muss bei der Nachbehandlung der distalen Radiusfraktur geachtet werden?

PD Dr. med. Oliver Pieske
Dr. med. Benjamin Meyknecht
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.

S1-Leitlinie „Empfehlungen zur Therapie der akuten Appendizitis bei Erwachsenen“

CME: 2 Punkte

Dr. med. Mihailo Andric
Inhalte des Webinars zur S1-Leitlinie „Empfehlungen zur Therapie der akuten Appendizitis bei Erwachsenen“ sind die Darstellung des Projektes und des Erstellungswegs zur S1-Leitlinie, die Erläuterung der klinischen Relevanz der Klassifikation EAES 2015, die wissenschaftliche Begründung der wichtigsten Empfehlungen und die Darstellung stadiengerechter Therapieoptionen.

Dr. med. Mihailo Andric
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.