Background
Methods
Participants and study setting
-
age more than 20 years;
-
being diagnosed with angina pectoris by a cardiologist;
-
the history of heart diseases for more than 6 months;
-
ability to communicate in Farsi;
-
having no previous psychiatric diseases;
-
not taking any psychoactive drugs;
-
willingness to participate in this study.
Instruments
Socio-demographic form
SAQ
SF-36
Translation procedure and evaluation of validity
Data analysis
Results
The demographic characteristics of the patients
Number | Percent | |
---|---|---|
Age (years) | ||
Mean (SD) | 59.46 | 11.24 |
Gender | ||
Male | 85 | 42.5 |
Female | 115 | 57.5 |
Education level | ||
Illiterate | 81 | 40.5 |
Primary school | 87 | 43.5 |
High school | 25 | 12.5 |
Secondary school | 7 | 3.5 |
Marital status | ||
Single | 2 | 1 |
Married | 169 | 84.5 |
Divorced/widow | 29 | 14.5 |
Employment status | ||
Employed | 60 | 30 |
Unemployed/housewife | 140 | 70 |
Economic status | ||
Poor | 93 | 46.5 |
Good | 107 | 53.5 |
Smoking status | ||
Smoker | 51 | 25.5 |
Non-smoker | 149 | 74.5 |
Family history of CVD | 81 | 40.5 |
Yes | 88 | 92.63 |
No | 7 | 3.37 |
Duration of heart disease, y | ||
Mean (SD) | 3.47 | 3.37 |
Medical history | ||
Hypertension | 103 | 51.5 |
Diabetes mellitus | 78 | 39 |
Hypercholesterolaemia | 95 | 47.5 |
Previous cardiac revascularizaton | 48 | 24 |
Angina functional class | ||
I | 59 | 29.5 |
II | 89 | 44.5 |
III | 50 | 25 |
IV | 2 | 1 |
Ejection fraction (%) | ||
Mean (SD) | 53 | 4.6 |
Construct validity
Exploratory factor analysis
Item | Factor1 | Factor2 | Factor3 | Factor4 | Factor5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical limitation in middle to strenuous activities | |||||
Climbing a hill/stairs | 0.603 | ||||
Gardening, etc | 0.745 | ||||
Walking 100 m or more | 0.807 | ||||
Lifting heavy objects | 0.855 | ||||
Running or jogging | 0.800 | ||||
Strenuous sports | 0.603 | ||||
Physical limitation in slight activities | |||||
Dressing | 0.789 | ||||
Walking indoors | 0.778 | ||||
Showering | 0.797 | ||||
Angina pattern and discomfort of treatment | |||||
Frequency of symptoms | 0.615 | ||||
Use of tablets | 0.723 | ||||
Troublesome and pills | 0.720 | ||||
Treatment satisfaction | |||||
Satisfaction that everything is done | 0.831 | ||||
Satisfaction with doctor’s explanation | 0.772 | ||||
Overall satisfaction with treatment | 0.765 | ||||
Disease perception | |||||
Interference with life enjoyment | 0.534 | ||||
Feelings about symptom persistence | 0.791 | ||||
Worry about heart attack/death | 0.710 |
Discriminant validity
Domain score | Asymptomatic M(SD) n = 30 | Symptomatic M(SD) n = 170 |
P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Physical limitation in middle to strenuous activities | 34.85 (39.86) | 25.71 (35.21) | 0.868 |
Physical limitation in slight activities | 16.22 (91.66) | 21.19 (84.62) | 0.023 |
Angina pattern and discomfort of treatment | 8.82 (96.33) | 18.84 (63.91) | 0.0001 |
Treatment satisfaction | 20.30 (65.24) | 20.46 (60.12) | 0.219 |
Disease perception | 24.26 (60.34) | 21.19 (35.36) | 0.0001 |
Convergent validity
Variable | Physical limitation in middle to strenuous activities | Physical limitation in slight activities | Angina pattern and discomfort of treatment | Treatment satisfaction | Disease perception |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical function | 0.520**
| 0.691**
| 0.379**
| 0.174**
| 0.359**
|
Role physical | 0.245**
| 0.361*
| 0.328**
| 0.208**
| 0.206**
|
Bodily pain | 0.374**
| 0.415**
| 0.393**
| 0.241**
| 0.516**
|
General health | 0.172*
| 0.415**
| 0.391**
| 0.240**
| 0.405**
|
Vitality | 0.185**
| 0.338**
| 0.361**
| 0.220**
| 0.350**
|
Social function | 0.351**
| 0.353**
| 0.381**
| 0.248**
| 0.395**
|
Role emotional | 0.240**
| 0.318**
| 0.335**
| 0.191**
| 0.260**
|
Mental health | 0.188*
| 0.269**
| 0.241**
| 0.220**
| 0.250**
|
Reliability
Domain score | Item number | ICC |
P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Physical limitation in middle to strenuous activities | 6 | 0.869 | 0.91 | 0.001 |
Physical limitation in slight activities | 3 | 0.778 | 0.97 | 0.001 |
Angina pattern and discomfort of treatment | 3 | 0.602 | 0.79 | 0.001 |
Treatment satisfaction | 3 | 0.740 | 0.90 | 0.001 |
Disease perception | 3 | 0.661 | 0.91 | 0.001 |