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Erschienen in: Der Radiologe 1/2012

01.01.2012 | Leitthema

Transvaskuläre Ablation des hepatozellulären Karzinoms

Ist Chemotherapie alles?

verfasst von: PD Dr. B.A. Radeleff, U. Stampfl, C.M. Sommer, N. Bellemann, K. Hoffmann, T. Ganten, R. Ehehalt, H.U. Kauczor

Erschienen in: Die Radiologie | Ausgabe 1/2012

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Zusammenfassung

Das hepatozelluläre Karzinom (HCC) ist weltweit betrachtet das fünfthäufigste Malignom und die Haupttodesursache bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose in Europa. Während kurative Therapieansätze (Resektion, Lebertransplantation sowie perkutane Ablation) bei nur 30–40% der Patienten mit einem HCC möglich sind, erfordern die meisten Patienten lokoregionäre bzw. palliative Therapieansätze.
Die Rationale der transvaskulären Ablation des HCC liegt darin, dass die stark hypervaskulären HCC-Knoten ihre Blutversorgung überwiegend über die Leberarterien akquirieren. Der Begriff der transvaskulären Ablation beschreibt sehr unterschiedliche Therapieregime, die in 4 Hauptgruppen unterteilt werden können: 1. cTACE (konventionelle transarterielle Chemoembolisation), 2. TAE (blande Embolisation oder transarterielle Embolisation), 3. DEB-TACE (TACE mittels „drug-eluting beads“, DEB) und 4. SIRT (selektive interne Radiotherapie).
Die konventionelle cTACE ist die am häufigsten eingesetzte transvaskuläre Ablation. Sie stellt eine Kombination aus einer intraarteriellen Chemotherapie und einer Embolisation mit daraus folgendem Verschluss des arteriellen Tumorgefäßbetts dar. Dabei sind die Wahl des Chemotherapeutikums, des Embolisats, der Einsatz von Lipiodol, das Intervall zwischen den TACE-Sitzungen und sogar der genaue Ablauf einer cTACE (Reihenfolge zwischen Chemotherapie und Embolisation) nicht standardisiert. Speziell die Frage nach der Notwendigkeit des Einsatzes der intraarteriellen Chemotherapie konnte noch nicht abschließend beantwortet werden. So bietet die blande Embolisation (ohne die intraarterielle Gabe eines Chemotherapeutikums) unter Einsatz kleinster, eng kalibrierter, sphärischer Partikel aktuell Nekroseraten, die mit denen aus cTACE-Studien vergleichbar sind.
Die DEB-TACE verbindet durch die Beladbarkeit der Embolisationspartikel mit Chemotherapeutika die Vorteile der cTACE und der blanden Embolisation und verspricht durch eine länger wirkende Chemotherapie im Tumorgefäßbett eine weitere Steigerung der intratumoralen Zytotoxizität bei gleichzeitig gesenkter systemischer Toxizität.
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Metadaten
Titel
Transvaskuläre Ablation des hepatozellulären Karzinoms
Ist Chemotherapie alles?
verfasst von
PD Dr. B.A. Radeleff
U. Stampfl
C.M. Sommer
N. Bellemann
K. Hoffmann
T. Ganten
R. Ehehalt
H.U. Kauczor
Publikationsdatum
01.01.2012
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Radiologie / Ausgabe 1/2012
Print ISSN: 2731-7048
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7056
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-011-2211-1

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