Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Behavioral Medicine 2/2021

24.10.2020

Trauma exposure, PTSD, and suboptimal HIV medication adherence among marginalized individuals connected to public HIV care in Miami

verfasst von: Tiffany R. Glynn, Noelle A. Mendez, Deborah L. Jones, Sannisha K. Dale, Adam W. Carrico, Daniel J. Feaster, Allan E. Rodriguez, Steven A. Safren

Erschienen in: Journal of Behavioral Medicine | Ausgabe 2/2021

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Individuals living with HIV report disproportionately high levels of trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms, both which have been associated with suboptimal ART adherence. Often conflated, the question arises as to which construct is driving subsequent HIV self-care behavior. Given the HIV disparities among Black and Hispanic/Latinx individuals, and that Miami is a geographic region with a high racial/ethnic minority make up and a unique socioeconomic environment, it is important to explore factors related to HIV outcomes in Miami to mitigate its uncontrolled epidemic. This study aimed to examine the association of trauma exposure, PTSD symptoms, and relevant additional key factors with adherence to ART among a sample of majority Black and Hispanic/Latinx individuals who are economically marginalized receiving public HIV care in Miami, FL (N = 1237) via a cross-sectional survey. Sequential linear regression was used to examine the study aim in four blocks: (1) trauma, (2) PTSD symptoms, and key covariates of ART adherence including (3) depression and substance use (potential psychological covariates), and (4) indicators of socioeconomic status (potential structural covariates). In the first block, trauma exposure was associated with worse adherence. However, in the second block, the association with trauma dropped and PTSD was significantly associated with worse adherence. Of note, for those experiencing high levels of trauma exposure, adherence was negatively impacted regardless of PTSD. When other key factors associated with adherence were entered in the third and fourth blocks, neither trauma exposure nor PTSD were uniquely significant. In this final model, depression, substance use, and unstable housing were uniquely associated with worse adherence. Trauma-informed models of HIV care that holistically address co-occurring factors are warranted to cater to communities with HIV health disparities and keep them from falling off the HIV care continuum.
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). Philadelphia: American Psychiatric Association.CrossRef American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). Philadelphia: American Psychiatric Association.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Brief, D. J., Bollinger, A. R., Vielhauer, M. J., Berger-Greenstein, J. A., Morgan, E. E., Brady, S. M., et al. (2004). Understanding the interface of HIV, trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance use and its implications for health outcomes. AIDS Care, 16, 97–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120412301315259CrossRef Brief, D. J., Bollinger, A. R., Vielhauer, M. J., Berger-Greenstein, J. A., Morgan, E. E., Brady, S. M., et al. (2004). Understanding the interface of HIV, trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance use and its implications for health outcomes. AIDS Care, 16, 97–120. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1080/​0954012041230131​5259CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ebrahimzadeh, Z., Goodarzi, M. A., & Joulaei, H. (2019). Predicting the antiretroviral medication adherence and CD4 measure in patients with HIV/AIDS based on the post traumatic stress disorder and depression. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 48, 139–146.PubMedPubMedCentral Ebrahimzadeh, Z., Goodarzi, M. A., & Joulaei, H. (2019). Predicting the antiretroviral medication adherence and CD4 measure in patients with HIV/AIDS based on the post traumatic stress disorder and depression. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 48, 139–146.PubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Institute, S. A. S. (2014). Sas 9.4 output delivery system: User’s guide. Cary: SAS Institute. Institute, S. A. S. (2014). Sas 9.4 output delivery system: User’s guide. Cary: SAS Institute.
Zurück zum Zitat Junglen, A. G., Smith, B. C., Coleman, J. A., Pacella, M. L., Boarts, J. M., Jones, T., et al. (2017). A multi-level modeling approach examining PTSD symptom reduction during prolonged exposure therapy: Moderating effects of number of trauma types experienced, having an HIV-related index trauma, and years since HIV diagnosis among HIV-positive adults. AIDS Care, 29, 1391–1398. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2017.1300625CrossRefPubMed Junglen, A. G., Smith, B. C., Coleman, J. A., Pacella, M. L., Boarts, J. M., Jones, T., et al. (2017). A multi-level modeling approach examining PTSD symptom reduction during prolonged exposure therapy: Moderating effects of number of trauma types experienced, having an HIV-related index trauma, and years since HIV diagnosis among HIV-positive adults. AIDS Care, 29, 1391–1398. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1080/​09540121.​2017.​1300625CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Kennedy, B. R. (2009). Psychosocial model: Racism as a predictor of adherence and compliance to treatment and health outcomes among African Americans. Journal of Theory Construction & Testing, 13, 20. Kennedy, B. R. (2009). Psychosocial model: Racism as a predictor of adherence and compliance to treatment and health outcomes among African Americans. Journal of Theory Construction & Testing, 13, 20.
Zurück zum Zitat Manuzak, J. A., Gott, T. M., Kirkwood, J. S., Coronado, E., Hensley-McBain, T., Miller, C., et al. (2018). Heavy cannabis use associated with reduction in activated and inflammatory immune cell frequencies in antiretroviral therapy-treated human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 66, 1872–1882. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix1116CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Manuzak, J. A., Gott, T. M., Kirkwood, J. S., Coronado, E., Hensley-McBain, T., Miller, C., et al. (2018). Heavy cannabis use associated with reduction in activated and inflammatory immune cell frequencies in antiretroviral therapy-treated human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 66, 1872–1882. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​cid/​cix1116CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Roberts, A. L., Gilman, S. E., Breslau, J., Breslau, N., & Koenen, K. C. (2011). Race/ethnic differences in exposure to traumatic events, development of post-traumatic stress disorder, and treatment-seeking for post-traumatic stress disorder in the United States. Psychological Medicine, 41, 71–83. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291710000401CrossRefPubMed Roberts, A. L., Gilman, S. E., Breslau, J., Breslau, N., & Koenen, K. C. (2011). Race/ethnic differences in exposure to traumatic events, development of post-traumatic stress disorder, and treatment-seeking for post-traumatic stress disorder in the United States. Psychological Medicine, 41, 71–83. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1017/​S003329171000040​1CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Schnurr, P. P., & Green, B. L. (2004). Understanding relationships among trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, and health outcomes. In P. P. Schnurr & B. L. Green (Eds.), Trauma and health: Physical health consequences of exposure to extreme stress (Vol. 20, pp. 247–275). Washington: American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10723-010CrossRef Schnurr, P. P., & Green, B. L. (2004). Understanding relationships among trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, and health outcomes. In P. P. Schnurr & B. L. Green (Eds.), Trauma and health: Physical health consequences of exposure to extreme stress (Vol. 20, pp. 247–275). Washington: American Psychological Association. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1037/​10723-010CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Schnurr, P., Vielhauer, M., Weathers, F., & Findler, M. (1999). The brief trauma questionnaire. New York: National Center for PTSD. Schnurr, P., Vielhauer, M., Weathers, F., & Findler, M. (1999). The brief trauma questionnaire. New York: National Center for PTSD.
Zurück zum Zitat Sibrava, N. J., Bjornsson, A. S., Pérez Benítez, A. C. I., Moitra, E., Weisberg, R. B., & Keller, M. B. (2019). Posttraumatic stress disorder in African American and latinx adults: Clinical course and the role of racial and ethnic discrimination. Washington: American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000339CrossRef Sibrava, N. J., Bjornsson, A. S., Pérez Benítez, A. C. I., Moitra, E., Weisberg, R. B., & Keller, M. B. (2019). Posttraumatic stress disorder in African American and latinx adults: Clinical course and the role of racial and ethnic discrimination. Washington: American Psychological Association. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1037/​amp0000339CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Verhey, R., Chibanda, D., Brakarsh, J., & Seedat, S. (2016). Psychological interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder in people living with HIV in resource poor settings: A systematic review. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 21, 1198–1208. https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.12756CrossRef Verhey, R., Chibanda, D., Brakarsh, J., & Seedat, S. (2016). Psychological interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder in people living with HIV in resource poor settings: A systematic review. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 21, 1198–1208. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1111/​tmi.​12756CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wagner, G. J., Bogart, L. M., Galvan, F. H., Banks, D., & Klein, D. J. (2012). Discrimination as a key mediator of the relationship between posttraumatic stress and HIV treatment adherence among African American men. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 35, 8–18.CrossRef Wagner, G. J., Bogart, L. M., Galvan, F. H., Banks, D., & Klein, D. J. (2012). Discrimination as a key mediator of the relationship between posttraumatic stress and HIV treatment adherence among African American men. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 35, 8–18.CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Trauma exposure, PTSD, and suboptimal HIV medication adherence among marginalized individuals connected to public HIV care in Miami
verfasst von
Tiffany R. Glynn
Noelle A. Mendez
Deborah L. Jones
Sannisha K. Dale
Adam W. Carrico
Daniel J. Feaster
Allan E. Rodriguez
Steven A. Safren
Publikationsdatum
24.10.2020
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Journal of Behavioral Medicine / Ausgabe 2/2021
Print ISSN: 0160-7715
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-3521
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-020-00191-w

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2021

Journal of Behavioral Medicine 2/2021 Zur Ausgabe

Update Psychiatrie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.