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Erschienen in: Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 5/2019

28.08.2017 | Pflege | Übersichten

Moderne Gerinnungstherapie beim blutenden Schwerverletzten

Faktorengabe nach „Point-of-care“

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. Marc Maegele

Erschienen in: Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin | Ausgabe 5/2019

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Unkontrollierte Blutungen einschließlich traumainduzierter Koagulopathie (TIK) sind nach wie vor die häufigste vermeidbare Todesursache beim Schwerverletzten und rasche Diagnostik und Behandlung sind mit verbessertem Outcome assoziiert. Eine an Zielwerten orientierte individualisierte Therapie („goal-directed therapy“) unter Einschluss von „Point-of-care“(POC)-Verfahren ist möglicherweise der empirischen und verhältnisbasierten Therapie mit Blutprodukten vorzuziehen.

Material und Methode

Selektive Literaturübersicht unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Empfehlungen/Expertenmeinungen zur Gerinnungstherapie bei blutenden Schwerverletzten via individualisierter Therapie („goal-directed therapy“) mit POC-viskoelastischer Substitution (ROTEM®) von Gerinnungsfaktoren und Hämostatika.

Ergebnisse

Die Gabe von Fibrinogenkonzentrat beim blutenden Schwerverletzten ist ab ROTEM®-FIBTEM A10 < 10 mm (FIBTEM A5 < 9 mm; FIBTEM MCF < 12 mm) und erniedrigter EXTEM A10 < 45 mm (EXTEM A5 < 35 mm; EXTEM MCF < 55 mm) zu erwägen; die Gabe von Prothrombinkomplexkonzentrat (PPSB) basierend auf einer verzögerten Gerinnselinitiierung (ROTEM®-EXTEM CT > 80 s). Aussagen zum Monitoring eines Faktor(F)-XIII-Defizits oder zur Therapiesteuerung mit FXIII-Konzentraten sind derzeit nicht möglich. Viskoelastische Testverfahren zeichnen sich durch hohe Sensitivität und Spezifität für den Nachweis einer Hyperfibrinolyse mit therapeutischer Gabe eines Antifibrinolytikums aus.

Schlussfolgerungen

Individualisierte Therapiekonzepte auf Grundlage von POC-viskoelastischen Testverfahren (ROTEM®) bieten eine sinnvolle Alternative zu den verhältnisbasierten Konzepten und sind mit reduziertem Transfusionsbedarf und reduzierter Morbidität vergesellschaftet.
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Metadaten
Titel
Moderne Gerinnungstherapie beim blutenden Schwerverletzten
Faktorengabe nach „Point-of-care“
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. Marc Maegele
Publikationsdatum
28.08.2017
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Schlagwörter
Pflege
Antifibrinolytika
Erschienen in
Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin / Ausgabe 5/2019
Print ISSN: 2193-6218
Elektronische ISSN: 2193-6226
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-017-0337-2

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