Background
Methods
Acupoint herbal plaster treatment
Outcome evaluation
ImmunoCAP Phadiatop blood test
RNA extraction and microarray
Statistical analysis
Microarray data analysis
Network visualization and analysis
Results
Clinical outcomes of acupoint herbal plaster treatment
Variables | Ph-positive N = 19 | SD | Ph-negative N = 4 | SD | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | Mean | ||||
Gender | |||||
Male | 10 | 3 | |||
Female | 9 | 1 | 0.60^ | ||
Age | 32.11 | 5.37 | 35 | 3.37 | 0.22 |
Duration of allergic rhinitis | |||||
≥ 10 years | 14 | 3 | |||
< 10 years | 5 | 1 | 0.96^ | ||
Activity | 3.12 | 1.39 | 3.08 | 1.32 | 0.66 |
Sleep | 1.65 | 1.09 | 1.58 | 0,92 | 0.64 |
Non-hay fever symptoms | 2.39 | 1.14 | 2.25 | 1.08 | 0.58 |
Practical problems | 2.84 | 1.42 | 2.33 | 1.61 | 0.38 |
Nasal symptoms | 2.78 | 1.17 | 2.94 | 1.43 | 0.98 |
Eye symptoms | 2.37 | 1.41 | 1.75 | 1.14 | 0.24 |
Emotional symptoms | 2.08 | 1.15 | 1.38 | 0.92 | 0.15 |
Overall score | 2.46 | 1.02 | 2.19 | 0.96 | 0.40 |
IgE (Baseline) | 302.12 | 78.75 | 21.25 | 7.70 | 0.002** |
IgE (Follow-up) | 333.61 | 86.01 | 25.10* | 10.44 | 0.005** |
Area of RQLQ | Baseline score | After 3rd hp score | P value (3rd hp vs. baseline) | After 4th hp score | P value (4th hp vs. baseline) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Activity | 3.12 | 2.56 | 0.1322 | 2.09 | 0.0002** |
Sleep | 1.65 | 1.58 | 0.8488 | 1.35 | 0.0804 |
Non-hay fever symptoms | 2.39 | 2.02 | 0.1465 | 1.64 | 0.0012** |
Practical problems | 2.84 | 2.39 | 0.1549 | 2.05 | 0.0018** |
Nasal symptoms | 2.78 | 2.30 | 0.1006 | 1.92 | 0.0000** |
Eye symptoms | 2.37 | 1.57 | 0.0330* | 1.29 | 0.0066** |
Emotional symptoms | 2.08 | 1.62 | 0.0634 | 1.33 | 0.0010** |
Overall score | 2.46 | 2.00 | 0.0635 | 1.67 | 0.0000** |
Area of RQLQ | Baseline score | After 3rdhp score | P value (3rd hp vs. baseline) | After 4thhp score | P value (4th hp vs. baseline) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Activity | 3.08 | 1.58 | 0.0577 | 1.33 | 0.0800 |
Sleep | 1.58 | 1.58 | 1.0000 | 1.17 | 0.3677 |
Non-hay fever symptoms | 2.25 | 1.79 | 0.3477 | 1.21 | 0.0564 |
Practical problems | 2.33 | 1.67 | 0.3994 | 1.33 | 0.1135 |
Nasal symptoms | 2.94 | 2.06 | 0.1881 | 1.31 | 0.0065** |
Eye symptoms | 1.75 | 1.19 | 0.4338 | 1.19 | 0.4594 |
Emotional symptoms | 1.38 | 1.06 | 0.5551 | 0.69 | 0.0486* |
Overall score | 2.19 | 1.56 | 0.1940 | 1.18 | 0.0371* |
No. | Baseline | Follow-up | P value^ | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||
IgE | 19 | 302.12 ± 78.75 | 333.61 ± 86.01 | 0.085 |
No. | Baseline | Follow-up | P value^ | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||
IgE | 4 | 21.25 ± 7.70 | 25.10 ± 10.44 | 0.63 |
Ph-positive and Ph-negative allergic rhinitis patients exhibit distinct gene expression profiles following acupoint herbal plaster treatment
Before 1st herbal plaster (hp) (T0) | After 1st hp 24 h (T1) | Before 3rdhp (T2) | After 3rd hp 24 h (T3) | Before 4thhp (T4) | After 4th hp 24 h (T5) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ph(+) | M1-1 | M1-2 | M1-3 | M1-4 | M1-5 | M1-6 |
Ph(+) | M2-1 | M2-2 | M2-3 | M2-4 | M2-5 | M2-6 |
Ph(+) | M3-1 | M3-2 | M3-3 | M3-4 | M3-5 | M3-6 |
Ph(+) | M4-1 | M4-2 | M4-3 | M4-4 | M4-5 | M4-6 |
Ph(+) | M5-1 | M5-2 | M5-3 | M5-4 | M5-5 | M5-6 |
Ph(+) | M6-1 | M6-2 | M6-3 | M6-4 | M6-5 | M6-6 |
Ph(−) | M7-1 | M7-2 | M7-3 | M7-4 | M7-5 | M7-6 |
ID | Gene Symbol | Gene Title | Fold changea | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
1552288_at | CILP2 | cartilage intermediate layer protein 2 | 1.45 | 3.4E-05 |
1556590_s_at | NA | NA | 1.32 | 1.4E-04 |
1557195_at | NA | NA | 1.31 | 8.8E-04 |
1557761_s_at | LOC400794 | hypothetical LOC400794 | 1.31 | 3.9E-06 |
1562216_at | NA | NA | 1.30 | 1.7E-04 |
1565913_at | NA | NA | 1.21 | 4.2E-10 |
1566134_at | CARHSP1 | Calcium regulated heat stable protein 1, 24 kDa | 1.20 | 6.5E-04 |
1566964_at | NA | NA | 1.18 | 3.4E-04 |
1567240_x_at | OR2L2 | olfactory receptor, family 2, subfamily L, member 2 | 1.11 | 7.1E-03 |
1569482_at | NA | NA | 1.08 | 8.8E-03 |
200038_s_at | RPL17 | ribosomal protein L17 | 1.08 | 7.4E-04 |
200082_s_at | RPS7 | ribosomal protein S7 | 1.06 | 3.7E-03 |
200705_s_at | EEF1B2 | eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 | 1.02 | 2.6E-03 |
200986_at | SERPING1 | serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade G (C1 inhibitor), member 1 | 1.02 | 2.0E-03 |
201699_at | PSMC6 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, ATPase, 6 | 1.01 | 4.0E-03 |
202086_at | MX1 | myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 1, interferon-inducible protein p78 (mous | 1.01 | 7.2E-09 |
202411_at | IFI27 | interferon, alpha-inducible protein 27 | 1.00 | 7.8E-05 |
202635_s_at | POLR2K | polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide K, 7.0 kDa | 0.99 | 1.4E-03 |
204286_s_at | PMAIP1 | phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 | 0.98 | 5.5E-09 |
204415_at | IFI6 | interferon, alpha-inducible protein 6 | 0.97 | 7.6E-05 |
204439_at | IFI44L | interferon-induced protein 44-like | 0.96 | 2.0E-03 |
204732_s_at | TRIM23 | tripartite motif-containing 23 | 0.93 | 1.7E-03 |
205849_s_at | UQCRB | ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase binding protein | 0.91 | 7.7E-03 |
205914_s_at | GRIN1 | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 1 | 0.90 | 1.5E-03 |
206584_at | LY96 | lymphocyte antigen 96 | 0.90 | 1.2E-04 |
207723_s_at | KLRC3 | killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C, member 3 | 0.88 | 3.6E-04 |
208792_s_at | CLU | clusterin | 0.88 | 3.5E-03 |
209160_at | AKR1C3 | aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C3 (3-alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, t | 0.88 | 3.9E-06 |
209651_at | TGFB1I1 | transforming growth factor beta 1 induced transcript 1 | 0.86 | 1.0E-03 |
209732_at | CLEC2B | C-type lectin domain family 2, member B | 0.86 | 3.7E-03 |
209743_s_at | ITCH | itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase homolog (mouse) | 0.85 | 2.3E-03 |
209795_at | CD69 | CD69 molecule | 0.85 | 3.9E-08 |
210103_s_at | FOXA2 | forkhead box A2 | 0.84 | 9.9E-04 |
210432_s_at | SCN3A | sodium channel, voltage-gated, type III, alpha subunit | 0.83 | 2.8E-04 |
210548_at | CCL23 | chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 23 | 0.83 | 8.5E-05 |
210639_s_at | ATG5 | ATG5 autophagy related 5 homolog (S. cerevisiae) | 0.82 | 1.7E-07 |
210873_x_at | APOBEC3A | apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3A | 0.82 | 2.7E-04 |
211968_s_at | HSP90AA1 | heat shock protein 90 kDa alpha (cytosolic), class A member 1 | 0.81 | 8.0E-05 |
212270_x_at | RPL17 | ribosomal protein L17 | 0.81 | 2.9E-04 |
212537_x_at | RPL17 | ribosomal protein L17 | 0.78 | 1.6E-03 |
213226_at | CCNA2 | cyclin A2 | 0.78 | 4.2E-03 |
214070_s_at | ATP10B | ATPase, class V, type 10B | 0.78 | 3.3E-03 |
215101_s_at | CXCL5 | chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5 | 0.78 | 6.0E-03 |
215394_at | PIK3C3 | phosphoinositide-3-kinase, class 3 | 0.77 | 6.3E-10 |
215646_s_at | VCAN | versican | 0.77 | 4.3E-04 |
216412_x_at | LOC100290557 | similar to hCG91935 | 0.77 | 1.3E-03 |
216834_at | RGS1 | regulator of G-protein signaling 1 | 0.76 | 2.3E-03 |
217915_s_at | RSL24D1 | ribosomal L24 domain containing 1 | 0.76 | 9.8E-04 |
219519_s_at | SIGLEC1 | sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 1, sialoadhesin | 0.76 | 4.7E-04 |
219551_at | EAF2 | ELL associated factor 2 | 0.76 | 3.1E-03 |
220141_at | C11orf63 | chromosome 11 open reading frame 63 | 0.75 | 5.8E-03 |
220184_at | NANOG | Nanog homeobox | −0.75 | 3.9E-03 |
220646_s_at | KLRF1 | killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily F, member 1 | −0.75 | 3.9E-11 |
220827_at | NA | NA | −0.76 | 1.6E-03 |
222229_x_at | RPL26 | ribosomal protein L26 | −0.77 | 5.9E-05 |
222465_at | RSL24D1 | ribosomal L24 domain containing 1 | −0.78 | 1.5E-03 |
223963_s_at | IGF2BP2 | insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 | −0.79 | 2.5E-04 |
224293_at | TTTY10 | testis-specific transcript, Y-linked 10 (non-protein coding) | −0.79 | 8.6E-03 |
225541_at | RPL22L1 | ribosomal protein L22-like 1 | −0.80 | 4.7E-03 |
226344_at | ZMAT1 | zinc finger, matrin type 1 | −0.81 | 1.4E-04 |
227454_at | TAOK1 | TAO kinase 1 | −0.81 | 9.4E-04 |
227766_at | LIG4 | ligase IV, DNA, ATP-dependent | −0.82 | 9.9E-03 |
228174_at | SCAI | suppressor of cancer cell invasion | −0.83 | 8.5E-03 |
228439_at | BATF2 | basic leucine zipper transcription factor, ATF-like 2 | −0.83 | 9.6E-03 |
228970_at | ZBTB8OS | zinc finger and BTB domain containing 8 opposite strand | −0.86 | 1.1E-07 |
229431_at | RFXAP | regulatory factor X-associated protein | −0.86 | 8.8E-03 |
229437_at | MIR155HG | MIR155 host gene (non-protein coding) | −0.87 | 4.5E-04 |
229893_at | FRMD3 | FERM domain containing 3 | −0.89 | 7.0E-03 |
229910_at | SHE | Src homology 2 domain containing E | −0.89 | 2.0E-03 |
230153_at | NEK9 | NIMA (never in mitosis gene a)- related kinase 9 | −0.89 | 6.2E-09 |
231014_at | TRIM50 | tripartite motif-containing 50 | −0.89 | 4.8E-03 |
231038_s_at | NA | NA | −0.92 | 8.1E-03 |
231484_at | NA | NA | −0.92 | 1.5E-04 |
231688_at | MMP8 | matrix metallopeptidase 8 (neutrophil collagenase) | −0.93 | 6.4E-03 |
231975_s_at | MIER3 | mesoderm induction early response 1, family member 3 | −0.94 | 1.9E-03 |
233015_at | MBNL1 | muscleblind-like (Drosophila) | −0.96 | 3.7E-03 |
235762_at | TAS2R14 | taste receptor, type 2, member 14 | −0.97 | 8.7E-05 |
236495_at | NA | NA | −0.97 | 8.1E-10 |
236666_s_at | LRRC10B | leucine rich repeat containing 10B | −0.98 | 1.1E-05 |
237689_at | SARS | Seryl-tRNA synthetase | −1.00 | 1.8E-03 |
238174_at | NA | NA | −1.01 | 6.3E-03 |
238918_at | NA | NA | −1.06 | 1.7E-03 |
239655_at | NA | NA | −1.07 | 4.2E-03 |
239819_at | NA | NA | −1.08 | 1.4E-04 |
240145_at | NA | NA | −1.10 | 5.3E-03 |
240262_at | NA | NA | −1.11 | 4.2E-05 |
240652_at | NA | NA | −1.20 | 8.0E-10 |
240866_at | NA | NA | −1.26 | 3.8E-03 |
242625_at | RSAD2 | radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2 | −1.43 | 2.0E-03 |
Process map of down-regulated genes in Ph(+) | |||
Maps | P value | Filter Genesa | Map genesb |
DNA damage_NHEJ mechanisms of DSBs repair | 1.4E-02 | 1 (LIG4) | 19 |
Neurophysiological process_Bitter taste signaling | 2.0E-02 | 1 (TAS2R14) | 28 |
Apoptosis and survival_Granzyme A signaling | 2.1E-02 | 1 (LIG4) | 30 |
Cell cycle_Role of Nek in cell cycle regulation | 2.3E-02 | 1 (NEK9) | 32 |
Development_Role of Activin A in cell differentiation and proliferation | 2.9E-02 | 1 (NANOG) | 40 |
Immune response_IL-13 signaling via JAK-STAT | 3.1E-02 | 1 (MMP8) | 44 |
Process map of up-regulated genes in Ph(+) | |||
Maps | P value | Filter Genesa | Map genesb |
Inflammation_Interferon signaling | 1.1E-02 | 3 (IFI6,IFI27, MX1) | 110 |
Autophagy_Autophagy | 2.3E-02 | 2 (PIK3C3,ATG5) | 55 |
Cell cycle_S phase | 2.6E-02 | 2 (HSP90AA1, CCNA2) | 149 |
Differentially expressed genes after acupoint herbal plaster treatment in Ph-positive patients
ID | Gene Symbol | Gene Title | Fold changea | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
211969_at | HSP90AA1 | heat shock protein 90 kDa alpha (cytosolic), class A member 1 | −0.62 | 5.4E-10 |
224567_x_at | MALAT1 | Metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (non-protein coding) | −0.62 | 3.3E-06 |
226675_s_at | MALAT1 | Metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (non-protein coding) | −0.58 | 1.0E-04 |
216563_at | ANKRD12 | Ankyrin repeat domain 12 | −0.58 | 2.8E-04 |
222465_at | RSL24D1 | ribosomal L24 domain containing 1 | −0.58 | 1.6E-06 |
204732_s_at | TRIM23 | tripartite motif-containing 23 | −0.56 | 2.8E-07 |
201304_at | NDUFA5 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 5, 13 kDa | −0.52 | 6.9E-07 |
203491_s_at | CEP57 | centrosomal protein 57 kDa | −0.52 | 3.5E-06 |
235643_at | SAMD9L | sterile alpha motif domain containing 9-like | −0.52 | 1.7E-04 |
209662_at | CETN3 | centrin, EF-hand protein, 3 (CDC31 homolog, yeast) | −0.51 | 2.3E-04 |
212417_at | SCAMP1 | secretory carrier membrane protein 1 | −0.50 | 4.5E-04 |
217915_s_at | RSL24D1 | ribosomal L24 domain containing 1 | −0.49 | 2.6E-06 |
200598_s_at | HSP90B1 | heat shock protein 90 kDa beta (Grp94), member 1 | −0.49 | 3.6E-07 |
242429_at | ZNF567 | zinc finger protein 567 | −0.49 | 1.8E-05 |
232958_at | NA | NA | −0.48 | 5.6E-05 |
222326_at | NA | NA | −0.48 | 2.0E-05 |
200026_at | RPL34 | ribosomal protein L34 | −0.47 | 3.1E-03 |
221765_at | UGCG | UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase | −0.47 | 3.1E-04 |
212794_s_at | KIAA1033 | KIAA1033 | −0.46 | 1.0E-06 |
200099_s_at | RPS3A | ribosomal protein S3A | −0.46 | 2.2E-04 |
203153_at | IFIT1 | interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 | −0.46 | 2.9E-04 |
211968_s_at | HSP90AA1 | heat shock protein 90 kDa alpha (cytosolic), class A member 1 | −0.45 | 5.6E-06 |
226800_at | EFCAB7 | EF-hand calcium binding domain 7 | −0.45 | 9.2E-09 |
225312_at | COMMD6 | COMM domain containing 6 | −0.44 | 6.1E-03 |
201699_at | PSMC6 | proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, ATPase, 6 | −0.44 | 4.4E-07 |
222848_at | CENPK | centromere protein K | −0.44 | 2.4E-05 |
212587_s_at | PTPRC | protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C | −0.43 | 1.7E-04 |
219239_s_at | ZNF654 | zinc finger protein 654 | −0.43 | 3.0E-07 |
205849_s_at | UQCRB | ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase binding protein | −0.43 | 2.7E-03 |
214453_s_at | IFI44 | interferon-induced protein 44 | −0.43 | 6.8E-05 |
227152_at | C12orf35 | chromosome 12 open reading frame 35 | −0.43 | 7.2E-05 |
200061_s_at | RPS24 | ribosomal protein S24 | −0.42 | 5.8E-03 |
205809_s_at | WASL | Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome-like | −0.42 | 4.0E-05 |
222616_s_at | USP16 | ubiquitin specific peptidase 16 | −0.42 | 6.0E-07 |
219356_s_at | CHMP5 | chromatin modifying protein 5 | −0.42 | 2.4E-05 |
244042_x_at | NA | NA | −0.41 | 4.0E-05 |
205871_at | PLGLA | plasminogen-like A | −0.41 | 1.4E-06 |
235653_s_at | THAP6 | THAP domain containing 6 | −0.41 | 1.7E-06 |
219387_at | CCDC88A | coiled-coil domain containing 88A | −0.41 | 6.8E-05 |
202110_at | COX7B | cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIb | −0.41 | 4.0E-03 |
209795_at | CD69 | CD69 molecule | −0.41 | 4.5E-05 |
224786_at | SCOC | short coiled-coil protein | −0.40 | 2.4E-03 |
221728_x_at | XIST | X (inactive)-specific transcript (non-protein coding) | −0.40 | 3.2E-05 |
214218_s_at | XIST | X (inactive)-specific transcript (non-protein coding) | −0.40 | 3.9E-04 |
212391_x_at | RPS3A | ribosomal protein S3A | −0.40 | 3.6E-04 |
202411_at | IFI27 | interferon, alpha-inducible protein 27 | 0.41 | 6.5E-03 |
228582_x_at | MALAT1 | Metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (non-protein coding) | 0.49 | 5.8E-03 |
Process map of down-regulated genes in Ph(+) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Maps | P value | Filter Genesa | Map genesb |
Protein folding_Response to unfolded proteins | 2.3E-04 | 2 (HSP90AA1, HSP90B1) | 69 |
Immune response_Antigen presentation | 3.3E-04 | 3 (PTPRC, HSP90AA1, HSP90B1) | 197 |
Immune response_Phagosome in antigen presentation | 7.4E-04 | 3 (WASL, HSP90AA1, HSP90B1) | 243 |