Background
Methods
Study area
Study design and data collection
Operational definition
Cured
Completed treatment
Death
Failure
Defaulted
Transferred out
Statistical analysis
Results
General characteristics of the study population
Variables | Total (n = 22,998) | PTB+ (n = 14,842) | PTB- (n = 8156) |
χ
2
|
P
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Female | 6059 (26.35) | 3793 (25.56) | 2266 (27.78) | 13.46 | < 0.001 |
Male | 16,939 (73.65) | 11,049 (74.44) | 5890 (72.22) | |||
Age | 15~ 24 | 3197 (13.90) | 1960 (13.21) | 1237 (15.17) | 54.30 | < 0.001 |
25~ 34 | 2281 (9.92) | 1567 (10.56) | 714 (8.75) | |||
35~ 44 | 3601 (15.66) | 2412 (16.25) | 1189 (14.58) | |||
45~ 54 | 3615 (15.72) | 2340 (15.77) | 1275 (15.63) | |||
55~ 65 | 5013(21.80) | 3269 (22.03) | 1744 (21.38) | |||
≥65 | 5291 (23.01) | 3294 (22.19) | 1997 (24.49) | |||
Ethnicity | Han | 22,960 (99.83) | 14,819 (99.85) | 8141 (99.82) | 0.27 | 0.61 |
Other | 38 (0.17) | 23 (0.15) | 15 (0.18) | |||
Occupation | Student | 1414 (6.15) | 807 (5.44) | 607 (7.44) | 115.29 | < 0.001 |
Official staff | 356 (1.55) | 190 (1.28) | 166 (2.04) | |||
Service | 437 (1.90) | 277 (1.87) | 160 (1.96) | |||
Worker | 1897 (8.25) | 1214 (8.18) | 683 (8.37) | |||
Farmer | 17,507 (76.12) | 11,567 (77.93) | 5940 (72.83) | |||
Retired staff | 433 (1.88) | 261 (1.76) | 172 (2.11) | |||
Unemployment | 338 (1.47) | 198 (1.33) | 140 (1.72) | |||
Other | 616 (2.68) | 328 (2.21) | 288 (3.53) | |||
X-Ray | Normal | 408 (1.77) | 286 (1.93) | 122 (1.50) | 14.35 | < 0.001 |
Abnormal | 22,447 (97.60) | 14,447 (97.34) | 8000 (98.09) | |||
Unchecked | 143 (0.62) | 109 (0.73) | 34 (0.42) | |||
Cavity | Yes | 3210 (13.96) | 2527 (17.03) | 683 (8.37) | 328.07 | < 0.001 |
No | 19,788 (86.04) | 12,315 (82.97) | 7473 (91.63) | |||
Miliary shadow | Yes | 169 (0.73) | 99 (0.67) | 70 (0.86) | 2.64 | 0.10 |
No | 22,829 (99.27) | 14,743 (99.33) | 8086 (99.14) | |||
Regimen | Regimen1a | 17,581 (76.45) | 12,470 (84.02) | 5111 (62.67) | 1332.81 | < 0.001 |
Regimen 2b | 5417 (23.55) | 2372 (15.98) | 3045 (37.33) |
Outcomes of treatment of the patients
Treatment outcome | Total (N = 22,998) | PTB+ (N = 14,842) | PTB- (N = 8156) |
χ
2
|
P
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Successful | 21,851 (95.01) | 14,103 (95.02) | 7748 (95.00) | 0.01 | 0.94 |
Cured | 14,003 (60.89) | 14,003 (94.35) | 0 | ||
Treatment completed | 7848 (34.12) | 100 (0.67) | 7748 (95.00) | ||
Unsuccessful | 1147 (4.99) | 739 (4.98) | 408 (5.00) | ||
Failure | 126 (0.55) | 108 (0.73) | 18 (0.22) | ||
Death | 157 (0.68) | 111 (0.75) | 46 (0.56) | ||
Default | 330 (1.43) | 189 (1.27) | 141 (1.73) | ||
Transferred out | 534 (2.32) | 331 (2.23) | 203 (2.49) |
Variables | 2005 (n = 1631) | 2006 (n = 1576) | 2007 (n = 1870) | 2008 (n = 3267) | 2009 (n = 3134) | 2010 (n = 3499) | 2011 (n = 2739) | 2012 (n = 2861) | 2013 (n = 2421) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Successful | 1543 (94.60) | 1484 (94.16) | 1799 (96.20) | 3111 (95.22) | 2992 (95.47) | 3307 (94.51) | 2619 (95.62) | 2708 (94.65) | 2288 (94.51) |
Cured | 1439 (88.23) | 1255 (79.63) | 1248 (66.74) | 2350 (71.93) | 2107 (67.23) | 2106 (60.19) | 1572 (57.39) | 1052 (36.77) | 874 (36.10) |
Treatment completed | 104 (6.38) | 229 (14.53) | 551 (29.47) | 761 (23.29) | 885 (28.24) | 1201 (34.32) | 1047 (38.23) | 1656 (57.88) | 1414 (58.41) |
Unsuccessful | 88 (5.40) | 92 (5.84) | 71 (3.80) | 156 (4.78) | 142 (4.53) | 192 (5.49) | 120 (4.38) | 153 (5.35) | 133 (5.49) |
Failure | 18 (1.10) | 12 (0.76) | 6 (0.32) | 12 (0.37) | 20 (0.64) | 26 (0.74) | 6 (0.22) | 10 (0.35) | 16 (0.66) |
Death | 22 (1.35) | 14 (0.89) | 14 (0.75) | 18 (0.55) | 16 (0.51) | 21 (0.60) | 18 (0.66) | 18 (0.63) | 16 (0.66) |
Default | 4 (0.25) | 10 (0.63) | 7 (0.37) | 41 (1.25) | 38 (1.21) | 70 (2.00) | 47 (1.72) | 58 (2.03) | 55 (2.27) |
Transferred out | 44 (2.70) | 56 (3.55) | 44 (2.35) | 85 (2.60) | 68 (2.17) | 75 (2.14) | 49 (1.79) | 67 (2.34) | 46 (1.90) |
Regimens | |||||||||
Regimen 1a | 1631 | 1576 | 1870 | 2864 (87.66) | 3005 (95.88) | 3448 (98.54) | 1837 (67.07) | 692 (24.19) | 658 (27.18) |
Regimen 2b | 0 | 0 | 0 | 403 (12.34) | 129 (4.12) | 51 (1.46) | 902 (32.93) | 2169 (75.81) | 1763 (72.82) |
Patients type | |||||||||
PTB+ | 1526 (93.56) | 1348 (85.53) | 1298 (69.41) | 2488 (76.16) | 2203 (70.29) | 2252 (64.36) | 1660 (60.61) | 1128 (39.43) | 939 (38.79) |
PTB- | 105 (6.44) | 228 (14.47) | 572 (30.59) | 779 (23.84) | 931 (29.71) | 1247 (35.64) | 1079 (39.39) | 1733 (60.57) | 1482 (61.21) |
Multivariate analysis to identify independent factors associated with unsuccessful outcome
Variables | Total (n = 14,842) | Unsuccessful (n = 739) | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) |
P
| OR (95% CI) |
P
| ||||
Sex | Female | 3793 (25.56) | 177 (4.67) | 1 | |||
Male | 11,049 (74.44) | 562 (5.09) | 1.09 (0.92, 1.30) | 0.30 | |||
Age | 15~ 24 | 1960 (13.21) | 48 (2.45) | 1 | 1 | ||
25~ 34 | 1567 (10.56) | 49 (3.13) | 1.29 (0.86, 1.93) | 0.22 | 1.31 (0.81, 2.11) | 0.28 | |
35~ 44 | 2412 (16.25) | 87 (3.61) | 1.49 (1.04, 2.13) | 0.03 | 1.56 (1.00, 2.42) | 0.049 | |
45~ 54 | 2340 (15.77) | 113 (4.83) | 2.02 (1.43, 2.85) | < 0.001 | 2.12 (1.38, 3.60) | < 0.001 | |
55~ 64 | 3269 (22.03) | 182 (5.57) | 2.35 (1.70, 3.24) | < 0.001 | 2.32 (1.52, 3.53) | < 0.001 | |
≥65 | 3294 (22.19) | 260 (7.89) | 3.41 (2.50, 4.67) | < 0.001 | 3.08 (2.03, 4.68) | < 0.001 | |
Ethnicity | Han | 14,819(99.85) | 739 (4.99) | – | 0.63 | ||
Other | 23 (0.15) | 0 | 1 | ||||
Occupation | Student | 807 (5.44) | 21 (2.60) | 1 | |||
Official staff | 190 (1.28) | 6 (3.16) | 1.22 (0.49, 3.07) | 0.67 | |||
Service | 277 (1.87) | 9 (3.25) | 1.26 (0.57, 2.78) | 0.57 | |||
Worker | 1214 (8.18) | 54 (4.45) | 1.74 (1.04, 2.91) | 0.03 | |||
Farmer | 11,567 (77.93) | 618 (5.34) | 2.11 (1.36, 3.28) | < 0.001 | |||
Retired staff | 261 (1.76) | 16 (6.13) | 2.44 (1.26, 4.76) | 0.009 | |||
Unemployment | 198 (1.33) | 7 (3.54) | 1.37 (0.58, 3.27) | 0.48 | |||
Other | 328 (2.21) | 8 (2.44) | 0.94 (0.41, 2.13) | 0.87 | |||
Way of discovering patients | Health examination | 112 (0.75) | 4 (3.57) | 1 | |||
Contact examination | 12 (0.08) | 1 (8.33) | 2.46 (0.25, 23.94) | 0.44 | |||
Clinic visit due to symptoms | 6716 (45.25) | 294 (4.38) | 1.24 (0.45, 3.38) | 0.68 | |||
Recommended due to symptoms | 204 (1.37) | 17 (8.33) | 2.46 (0.81, 7.48) | 0.11 | |||
Referral | 7137 (48.09) | 370 (5.18) | 1.48 (0.54, 4.03) | 0.45 | |||
Tracing | 637 (4.29) | 52 (8.16) | 2.40 (0.85, 6.77) | 0.10 | |||
Other | 24 (0.16) | 1 (4.17) | 1.17 (0.13, 11.00) | 0.89 | |||
Treatment management models | Self-medication | 8 (0.05) | 6 (75.00)3 | 67.72(13.65, 336.07) | < 0.001 | 70.38 (12.97, 381.85) | < 0.001 |
Full-course supervision | 14,512 (97.78) | 615 (4.24) | 1 | 1 | |||
Full-course management | 122 (0.82) | 50 (40.98) | 15.69(10.84, 22.71) | < 0.001 | 16.45 (11.17, 24.22) | < 0.001 | |
Supervision in intensive phase | 200 (1.35) | 68 (34.00) | 11.64(8.59, 15.77) | < 0.001 | 10.86 (7.91, 14.91) | < 0.001 | |
X-Ray | Normal | 286 (1.93) | 1 (0.35) | 0.07(0.01, 0.47) | 0.007 | 0.09 (0.01, 0.63) | 0.016 |
Abnormal | 14,447 (97.34) | 726 (5.03) | 1 | 1 | |||
Unchecked | 109 (0.73) | 12 (11.01) | 2.34(1.28, 4.28) | 0.006 | 2. 70 (1.41, 5.16) | 0.003 | |
Cavity | Yes | 2527 (17.03) | 154 (6.09) | 1.30 (1.08, 1.56) | 0.005 | 1.42 (1.18, 1.73) | < 0.001 |
No | 12,315 (82.97) | 585 (4.75) | 1 | 1 | |||
Miliary | Yes | 99 (0.67) | 14 (14.14) | 3.18 (1.80, 5.63) | < 0.001 | 3.39 (1.87, 6.13) | < 0.001 |
No | 14,743 (99.33) | 725 (4.92) | 1 | 1 | |||
Regimen | Regimen 1a | 12,470 (84.02) | 610 (4.89) | 1 | |||
Regimen 2b | 2372 (15.98) | 129 (5.44) | 1.12 (0.92, 1.36) | 0.26 | |||
Total delay | ≤17 | 3965 (26.71) | 181 (4.56) | 1 | |||
17~ 33 | 3632 (24.47) | 173 (4.76) | 1.05 (0.85, 1.29) | 0.68 | |||
33~ 66 | 3594 (24.22) | 164 (4.56) | 1.00 (0.81, 1.24) | > 0.99 | |||
> 66 | 3651 (24.60) | 221 (6.05) | 1.35 (1.10, 1.65) | 0.004 |
Variables | Total (n = 8156) | Unsuccessful outcomes | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) |
P
| OR (95% CI) |
P
| ||||
Sex | Female | 2266 (27.78) | 112 (4.94) | 1 | |||
Male | 5890 (72.22) | 296 (5.03) | 1.02 (0.81, 1.27) | 0.88 | |||
Age | 15~ 24 | 1237 (15.17) | 36 (2.91) | 1 | 1 | ||
25~ 34 | 714 (8.75) | 28 (3.92) | 1.36 (0.82, 2.25) | 0.23 | 1.34 (0.73, 2.47) | 0.34 | |
35~ 44 | 1189 (14.58) | 43 (3.62) | 1.25 (0.80, 1.96) | 0.33 | 1.22(0.69, 2.16) | 0.50 | |
45~ 54 | 1275 (15.63) | 65 (5.10) | 1.79 (1.18, 2.71) | < 0.001 | 1.79 (1.04, 3.09) | 0.04 | |
55~ 64 | 1744 (21.38) | 87 (4.99) | 1.75 (1.18, 2.60) | < 0.001 | 1.59 (0.93, 2.74) | 0.09 | |
≥65 | 1997 (24.49) | 149 (7.46) | 2.69 (1.86, 3.90) | < 0.001 | 2.57 (1.52, 4.35) | < 0.001 | |
Ethnicity | Han | 8141 (99.82) | 407 (5.00) | 0.74 (0.10, 5.62) | 0.54 | ||
Other | 15 (0.18) | 1 (6.67) | 1 | ||||
Occupation | Student | 607 (7.44) | 19 (3.13) | 1 | |||
Official staff | 166 (2.04) | 12 (7.23) | 2.41 (1.15, 5.08) | 0.02 | |||
Service | 160 (1.96) | 6 (3.75) | 1.21 (0.47, 3.07) | 0.69 | |||
Worker | 683 (8.37) | 28 (4.10) | 1.32 (0.73, 2.39) | 0.36 | |||
Farmer | 5940 (72.83) | 321 (5.40) | 1.77 (1.10, 2.83) | 0.02 | |||
Retired staff | 172 (2.11) | 13 (7.56) | 2.53 (1.22, 5.23) | 0.01 | |||
Unemployment | 140 (1.72) | 4 (2.86) | 0.91 (0.31, 2.72) | 0.87 | |||
Other | 388 (3.53) | 5 (1.74) | 0.55 (0.20, 1.48) | 0.23 | |||
Way of discovering patients | Health examination | 165 (2.02) | 5 (3.03) | 1 | |||
Contact examination | 40 (0.49) | 2 (5.00) | 1.68 (0.32, 9.01) | 0.54 | |||
Clinic visit due to symptoms | 3548 (43.50) | 175 (4.93) | 1.66 (0.67, 4.10) | 0.27 | |||
Recommended due to symptoms | 30 (0.37) | 1 (3.33) | 1.10 (0.12, 9.79) | 0.93 | |||
Referral | 3793 (46.51) | 197 (5.19) | 1.75 (0.71, 4.32) | 0.22 | |||
Tracing | 559 (6.85) | 27 (4.83) | 1.62 (0.62, 4.29) | 0.33 | |||
Other | 21 (0.26) | 1 (4.76) | 1.60 (0.18, 14.39) | 0.68 | |||
Treatment management models | Self-medication | 30 (0.37) | 4 (13.33) | 2.84 (0.96, 8.41) | 0.06 | 2.95 (0.98, 8.90) | 0.055 |
Full-course supervision | 1049 (12.86) | 54 (5.15) | 1 | 1 | |||
Full-course management | 513 (6.29) | 59(11.50) | 2.40 (1.63, 3.52) | < 0.001 | 2.54 (1.70, 3.81) | < 0.001 | |
Supervision in intensive phase | 6564 (80.48) | 291 (4.43) | 0.86 (0.63, 1.15) | 0.30 | 0.95 (0.70, 1.30) | 0.76 | |
X-Ray | Normal | 122 (1.50) | 0 | – | – | < 0.01 (< 0.01, > 999.99) | 0.96 |
Abnormal | 8000 (98.09) | 402 (5.03) | 1 | 1 | |||
Unchecked | 34 (0.42) | 6 (17.65) | 4.00(1.67–10.00) | 0.002 | 3.77 (1.50, 9.45) | 0.005 | |
Cavity | Yes | 683 (8.37) | 32 (4.69) | 0.93 (0.64, 1.34) | 0.69 | ||
No | 7473 (91.63) | 376 (5.03) | 1 | ||||
Miliary shadow | Yes | 70 (0.86) | 8 (11.43) | 2.48 (1.18, 5.21) | 0.02 | 2.43 (1.12, 5.25) | 0.02 |
No | 8086 (99.14) | 400 (4.95) | 1 | 1 | |||
Regimen | Regimen 1a | 5111 (62.67) | 278 (5.44) | 1 | |||
Regimen 2b | 3045 (37.33) | 130 (4.27) | 0.78 (0.63, 0.96) | 0.02 | |||
Total delay | ≤13 | 2047 (25.10) | 94 (4.59) | 1 | 1 | ||
13~ 27 | 2054 (25.18) | 80 (3.89) | 0.84 (0.62, 1.14) | 0.27 | 0.84 (0.62, 1.14) | 0.27 | |
27~ 51 | 2046 (25.09) | 100 (4.89) | 1.07 (0.80, 1.43) | 0.66 | 1.05(0.78, 1.41) | 0.74 | |
> 51 | 2009 (24.63) | 134 (6.67) | 1.49 (1.13, 1.95) | 0.004 | 1.40 (1.06, 1.85) | 0.019 |