Background
Methods
HBSC study
Sample and data collection
2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2014 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls | |
(n=2345) | (n=2567) | (n=2332) | (n=2297) | (n=2008) | (n=2113) | (n=2183) | (n=2405) | |
% | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |
Chronological agea | ||||||||
11 years | 34.1 | 33.1 | 31.4 | 31.2 | 32.6 | 30.6 | 29.9 | 30.3 |
13 years | 32.5 | 33.8 | 33.5 | 33.9 | 31.4 | 35.2 | 33.9 | 34.4 |
15 years | 33.4 | 33.1 | 35.0 | 34.9 | 36.0 | 34.2 | 36.2 | 35.3 |
Family affluence | ||||||||
Low | 34.2 | 40.5 | 25.7 | 30.3 | 13.1 | 17.0 | 32.4 | 34.4 |
Medium | 56.5 | 53.0 | 54.9 | 55.9 | 54.2 | 53.3 | 44.3 | 45.4 |
High | 9.3 | 6.5 | 19.4 | 13.8 | 32.7 | 29.7 | 23.3 | 20.2 |
Weight status | ||||||||
Normal weight | 81.6 | 91.7 | 78.0 | 83.8 | 73.8 | 88.1 | 74.9 | 87.9 |
Overweight/obese | 18.4 | 8.3 | 22.0 | 16.2 | 26.2 | 11.9 | 25.1 | 12.1 |
Daily MVPA | ||||||||
≥ 60 min | 32.2 | 23.1 | 27.6 | 18.0 | 28.1 | 18.9 | 25.6 | 18.9 |
Daily screen time | ||||||||
> 2 h per weekday | 75.3 | 85.9 | 87.9 | 88.8 | 61.3 | 73.4 | 81.7 | 77.0 |
> 2 h per weekend day | 78.3 | 65.0 | 88.6 | 79.8 | 89.8 | 84.7 | 91.7 | 84.0 |
Survey items
Weight status
Physical activity
Screen time
Family affluence scale
Data analysis
Results
Gender and family affluence-related trends in overweight/obesity, PA, and ST
Odds ratio to reach the variables1–5 | 2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2014 | 2014 | vs | 2002§ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
95% | CI | ||||||||
%a | %a | %a | %a | p.p. | OR | Lower | Upper | ||
Overweight/obese1 | |||||||||
Boys | Low FA | 19.7 | 22.2 | 23.9 | °29.0### | +9.3% | 1.67*** | 1.32 | 2.12 |
Medium FA | 18.0 | 22.5 | 27.6 | 24.9 | +6.9% | 1.51*** | 1.23 | 1.85 | |
High FA | 16.1 | 20.6 | 24.8 | °20.1 | +4.0% | 1.31 | 0.86 | 1.99 | |
Girls | Low FA | 11.5 | 15.1 | 14.2 | °14.4## | +2.9% | 1.30 | 0.99 | 1.70 |
Medium FA | 6.5 | 17.5 | 11.0 | 11.6 | +5.1% | 1.90*** | 1.43 | 2.53 | |
High FA | 4.2 | 13.2 | 12.1 | °9.1 | +4.9% | 2.30* | 1.02 | 5.21 | |
MVPA recommendation2 | |||||||||
Boys | Low FA | 28.9 | 23.5 | 27.8 | °23.3 | −5.6% | 0.75* | 0.59 | 0.95 |
Medium FA | 34.2 | 26.3 | 25.0 | 24.5 | −9.7% | 0.63*** | 0.52 | 0.76 | |
High FA | 32.2 | 36.6 | 33.2 | °30.9## | −1.3% | 0.94 | 0.67 | 1.32 | |
Girls | Low FA | 22.3 | 14.8 | 17.9 | °17.3 | −5.0% | 0.73** | 0.57 | 0.92 |
Medium FA | 23.7 | 18.5 | 18.2 | 17.9 | −5.8% | 0.70** | 0.58 | 0.86 | |
High FA | 23.2 | 22.8 | 20.7 | °23.7## | +0.5% | 1.03 | 0.68 | 1.57 | |
Non-excessive ST weekday3 | |||||||||
Boys | Low FA | 28.2 | 17.3 | 16.7 | °12.1# | −16.1% | 0.35*** | 0.27 | 0.46 |
Medium FA | 23.5 | 13.7 | 10.5 | 11.6 | −11.9% | 0.43*** | 0.34 | 0.54 | |
High FA | 19.4 | 10.8 | 13.0 | °9.1 | −10.3% | 0.42*** | 0.26 | 0.65 | |
Girls | Low FA | 39.5 | 27.9 | 19.2 | °23.6 | −15.9% | 0.47*** | 0.39 | 0.58 |
Medium FA | 37.6 | 25.8 | 18.9 | 21.6 | −16.0% | 0.46*** | 0.38 | 0.55 | |
High FA | 42.9 | 27.1 | 16.7 | °25.2 | −17.7% | 0.45*** | 0.31 | 0.65 | |
Non-excessive ST weekend4 | |||||||||
Boys | Low FA | 23.7 | 13.0 | 11.8 | °9.0 | −14.7% | 0.32*** | 0.24 | 0.43 |
Medium FA | 20.7 | 10.8 | 10.0 | 8.4 | −12.3% | 0.35*** | 0.27 | 0.46 | |
High FA | 20.9 | 11.1 | 9.9 | °7.1 | −13.8% | 0.29*** | 0.18 | 0.46 | |
Girls | Low FA | 38.0 | 23.0 | 16.7 | °18.3# | −19.7% | 0.37*** | 0.29 | 0.45 |
Medium FA | 32.6 | 18.5 | 15.9 | 15.3 | −17.3% | 0.37*** | 0.31 | 0.46 | |
High FA | 35.7 | 20.6 | 13.5 | °13.8 | −21.9% | 0.29*** | 0.19 | 0.43 |
Correlates of overweight/obesity in relation to family affluence
Overweight/Obesity | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low FA | Medium FA | High FA | |||||||
95% | CI | 95% | CI | 95% | CI | ||||
OR | Lower | Upper | OR | Lower | Upper | OR | Lower | Upper | |
Year of data collection | |||||||||
2002 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
2006 | 1.20 | 0.98 | 1.47 | 1.84*** | 1.57 | 2.16 | 1.76** | 1.20 | 2.58 |
2010 | 1.18 | 0.91 | 1.53 | 1.71*** | 1.45 | 2.02 | 1.98*** | 1.38 | 2.84 |
2014 | 1.41*** | 1.17 | 1.70 | 1.63*** | 1.38 | 1.93 | 1.50* | 1.03 | 2.19 |
Gender | |||||||||
Boys | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
Girls | 0.52*** | 0.45 | 0.61 | 0.44*** | 0.39 | 0.49 | 0.41*** | 0.34 | 0.50 |
Categorical age | |||||||||
11 years | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
13 years | 0.70*** | 0.59 | 0.84 | 0.70*** | 0.61 | 0.80 | 0.78* | 0.62 | 0.98 |
15 years | 0.52*** | 0.43 | 0.63 | 0.58*** | 0.51 | 0.67 | 0.63*** | 0.50 | 0.81 |
MVPA recommendation | |||||||||
< 60 min of MVPA per day | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
≥ 60 min of MVPA per day | 0.83 | 0.69 | 1.00 | 0.83** | 0.73 | 0.95 | 0.69** | 0.56 | 0.86 |
ST recommendations weekdays | |||||||||
> 2 h per weekday | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
≤ 2 h per weekday | 0.86 | 0.70 | 1.06 | 0.92 | 0.79 | 1.08 | 0.61** | 0.44 | 0.84 |
ST recommendations weekend | |||||||||
> 2 h per weekend day | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
≤ 2 h per weekend day | 0.77* | 0.61 | 0.96 | 0.94 | 0.79 | 1.11 | 1.04 | 0.74 | 1.45 |