Background
Rationale of the study
Findings of previous studies
Study aims
Methods
Dataset
Variables
Men | Women | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
1990s | 2000s | 1990s | 2000s | |
Belgium | 2,314,735 | 2,280,006 | 2,323,508 | 2,273,845 |
Netherlands | 28,993 | 46,459 | 28,559 | 42,556 |
France | 41,840 | 59,278 | 46,771 | 61,990 |
Spain | 19,334 | 11,861 | 19,437 | 10,446 |
Italy | 91,138 | 109,009 | 77,861 | 95,323 |
Eastern Europe | 14,600 | 29,084 | 15,269 | 34,098 |
Turkey | 18,977 | 33,575 | 16,145 | 29,959 |
Morocco | 34,238 | 62,756 | 26,106 | 51,301 |
Sub-Saharan Africa | 5454 | 20,075 | 5067 | 20,795 |
1990s | 2000s | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ICD-9 | Men | Women | ICD-10 | Men | Women | |
All Deaths | 001–999 | 113,148 | 59,127 | A00-Y98 | 96,926 | 52,878 |
Cancer | 140–239 | 41,374 | 26,806 | C00-C99 | 34,534 | 23,941 |
Head and neck | 140–149; 160–161 | 3223 | 578 | C00–14; C30–32 | 2615 | 504 |
Oesophagus | 150 | 1473 | C15 | 1633 | ||
Stomach | 151 | 1539 | 655 | C16 | 1126 | 481 |
Colorectal | 153–154 | 3398 | 2507 | C18–21 | 2855 | 1948 |
Liver | 155 | 880 | C22 | 1029 | ||
Pancreas | 157 | 1691 | 1037 | C25 | 1715 | 1119 |
Lung | 162 | 16,460 | 2919 | C33–34 | 12,561 | 4100 |
Breast | 174–175 | 8010 | C50 | 6604 | ||
Uterus | 179; 182 | 757 | C54–55 | 610 | ||
Ovary | 183 | 2104 | C56 | 1587 | ||
Prostate | 185 | 1637 | C61 | 1138 | ||
Bladder | 188 | 1185 | C67 | 869 | ||
Brain | 190–192 | 1613 | 1164 | C69–72 | 1250 | 873 |
Leukaemia | 204–208 | 737 | C91–95 | 555 | ||
Circulatory | 390–459 | 29,352 | 12,354 | I00-I99 | 21,887 | 9397 |
Respiratory | 460–519 | 7599 | 2789 | J00-J99 | 5853 | 2938 |
Digestive | 520–579 | 5523 | 3006 | K00-K93 | 5837 | 2889 |
Injuries | 800–999 | 14,469 | 5729 | S00-T99 | 8200 | 3259 |
Statistical analyses
Results
Differences in overall mortality and large causes of death by migrant origin
MEN | ASMR (95% C.I.) | % change | ASMR (95% C.I.) | % change | ASMR (95% C.I.) | % change | ASMR (95% C.I.) | % change | ASMR (95% C.I.) | % change |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Belgium | Netherlands | France | Spain | Italy | ||||||
All Deaths | 420.4 (417.6–423.2) |
− 17.6
| 315.2 (297.2–333.2) |
− 24.7
| 519.3 (496.4–542.3) |
−19.8
| 295.9 (256.0–335.8) |
−27.2
| 341.9 (329.3–354.5) |
− 27.9
|
Cancer | 151.8 (150.1–153.5) |
−20.4
| 124.4 (113.1–135.8) |
−17.5
| 180.5 (166.7–194.3) |
− 23.3
| 119.8 (94.0–145.7) | −11.1 | 123.8 (116.1–131.5) |
− 23.9
|
Head and neck | 11.8 (11.3–12.3) |
−23.9
| 5.4 (3.0–7.8) | −40.7 | 19.7 (15.2–24.2) |
−44.8
| 5.5 (1.0–9.9) | −54.5 | 5.0 (3.5–6.5) | −15.3 |
Oesophagus | 7.5 (7.1–7.8) | 7.1 | 6.4 (3.8–9.0) | −31.2 | 8.1 (5.2–10.9) | −36.7 | 2.1 (0.0–5.0) | 0.0 | 2.5 (1.4–3.6) | −30.6 |
Stomach | 4.8 (4.5–5.1) |
−31.4
| 3.7 (1.7–5.6) | 42.3 | 4.7 (2.5–6.9) | −6.0 | 6.6 (0.5–12.6) | −9.6 | 5.6 (4.0–7.2) |
−37.8
|
Colorectal | 12.6 (12.2–13.1) |
−20.3
| 13.7 (9.9–17.4) | 2.2 | 12.6 (9.1–16.2) | −29.6 | 9.8 (2.2–17.5) | 36.1 | 10.5 (8.2–12.8) | 0.0 |
Liver | 4.2 (3.9–4.5) |
13.5
| 2.9 (1.2–4.7) | −23.7 | 9.7 (6.7–13) | 47.0 | 7.6 (1.2–14.0) | 15.2 | 6.1 (4.4–7.8) |
−35.8
|
Pancreas | 7.4 (7.0–7.8) | −5.1 | 7.6 (4.8–10.4) | 153.3 | 8.3 (5.4–11.2) | 1.2 | 9.3 (2.5–16.1) | 111.4 | 6.5 (4.7–8.3) | 0.0 |
Lung | 55.1 (54.0–56.1) |
−27.4
| 41.9 (35.3–48.5) |
− 28.3
| 66.4 (57.9–74.8) |
−22.3
| 31.7 (17.9–45.5) |
−41.6
| 49.7 (44.8–54.6) |
− 27.7
|
Prostate | 5.0 (4.7–5.4) |
−32.4
| 5.6 (3.2–8.0) | 60.0 | 5.4 (2.8–8.1) | −38.6 | 8.0 (1.0–14.9) | 110.5 | 2.9 (1.7–4.1) | −31.0 |
Bladder | 3.9 (3.6–4.2) |
−27.8
| 3.7 (1.8–5.7) | −2.6 | 5.2 (2.7–7.6) | − 31.6 | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | −100.0 | 3.3 (2.1–4.6) | −15.4 |
Brain | 5.5 (5.2–5.8) |
−26.7
| 5.0 (2.8–7.3) | −31.5 | 4.4 (2.4–6.4) | −34.3 | 5.1 (0.0–11.2) | − 30.1 | 4.5 (3.0–6.0) | −26.2 |
Circulatory | 95.9 (94.6–97.3) |
−28.5
| 69.0 (60.5–77.4) |
−41.3
| 98.0 (87.8–108.2) |
− 28.3
| 47.1 (30.7–63.4) |
− 35.2
| 79.4 (73.2–85.5) |
−30.8
|
Respiratory | 25.9 (25.2–26.6) |
−21.3
| 16.5 (12.4–20.7) | −13.6 | 33.1 (27.1–39.1) |
−25.8
| 9.7 (3.3–16.0) |
−70.2
| 20.8 (17.6–24.1) |
−62.5
|
Digestive | 25.9 (25.2–26.6) | 0.4 | 11.9 (8.4–15.4) | 25.3 | 34.5 (28.6–40.5) | −20.5 | 16.8 (7.5–26.1) | −8.7 | 15.3 (12.6–18.0) | −27.8 |
Injuries | 34.6 (35.6–37.2) |
−45.8
| 31.0 (25.4–36.6) |
−37.8
| 24.2 (19.6–28.8) |
−67.6
| 22.3 (11.8–32.7) |
−53.5
| 7.6 (5.8–9.4) |
− 83.3
|
Eastern Europe | Turkey | Morocco | Sub-Saharan Africa | |||||||
All Deaths | 446.3 (417.5–475.1) |
−18.8
| 375.6 (344.0–407.2) | − 11.6 | 288.6 (270.9–306.3) |
− 16.9
| 470.6 (410.3–530.9) | −24.7 | ||
Cancer | 148.0 (131.1–164.9) | −9.2 | 108.4 (90.9–125.9) | −12.9 | 94.8 (84.3–105.3) | − 2.0 | 131.0 (97.7–164.3) | 70.1 | ||
Head and neck | 9.7 (5.4–14) | − 29.2 | 1.0 (0.0–2.4) | −86.5 | 2.2 (0.6–3.9) | −37.1 | 12.5 (2.2–22.8) | −0.8 | ||
Oesophagus | 4.1 (1.2–6.9) | 0.0 | 0.7 (0.0–2.0) | −78.8 | 2.0 (0.4–3.6) | 66.7 | 4.6 (0.0–9.3) | – | ||
Stomach | 3.5 (1.1–6.0) | −30.0 | 5.8 (1.7–9.9) | −37.0 | 6.5 (3.8–9.2) | 75.7 | 4.9 (0.0–11.6) | – | ||
Colorectal | 10.6 (6.1–15.1) | 1.9 | 3.1 (0.2–6.1) | −27.9 | 5.0 (2.6–7.4) | − 36.7 | 13.8 (1.7–26.0) | – | ||
Liver | 3.4 (0.9–5.9) | 78.9 | 5.2 (1.2–9.2) | 23.8 | 3.8 (1.7–5.9) | −34.5 | 15.6 (5.4–25.9) | −47.5 | ||
Pancreas | 8.1 (4.3–12.0) | −2.4 | 6.5 (2.3–10.7) | −1.5 | 5.7 (3.1–8.3) | −3.4 | 11.4 (1.0–21.8) | – | ||
Lung | 66.5 (55.1–78.0) | 12.5 | 45.6 (34.1–57.1) | −6.2 | 40.6 (33.6–47.6) | 25.3 | 27.6 (11.3–43.8) | 93.0 | ||
Prostate | 3.0 (0.6–5.5) | −23.1 | 3.5 (0.0–7.0) | −35.2 | 5.5 (3.0–8.0) | 27.9 | 13.1 (3.6–22.6) | 4.0 | ||
Bladder | 3.3 (0.6–5.9) | −45.0 | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | −100.0 | 1.4 (0.0–2.7) | −67.4 | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | – | ||
Brain | 3.6 (1.0–6.1) | −18.2 | 4.1 (1.1–7.1) | −31.7 | 3.0 (1.2–4.8) | −42.3 | 0.4 (0.0–1.1) | – | ||
Circulatory | 95.9 (82.4–109.5) |
−36.0
| 88.2 (72.7–103.7) | −13.7 | 61.9 (53.5–70.2) | −16.0 | 114.4 (83.0–145.8) | 5.3 | ||
Respiratory | 22.8 (16.2–29.4) |
−50.0
| 20.8 (13.3–28.3) | −1.4 | 13.5 (9.6–17.4) | 4.7 | 29.1 (12.9–45.3) |
−72.1
| ||
Digestive | 26.9 (19.8–34.0) | −24.0 | 6.5 (2.5–10.6) | − 27.0 | 6.2 (3.5–8.9) | 0.0 | 12.8 (5.1–20.6) | −52.1 | ||
Injuries | 27.2 (20.5–33.9) |
−58.9
| 23.1 (16.8–29.3) |
−40.6
| 21.3 (17.2–25.4) | −22.8 | 17.1 (9.3–25.0) |
−74.6
|
Women | ASMR (95% C.I.) | % change | ASMR (95% C.I.) | % change | ASMR (95% C.I.) | % change | ASMR (95% C.I.) | % change | ASMR (95% C.I.) | % change |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Belgium | Netherlands | France | Spain | Italy | ||||||
All Deaths | 221.1 (219.1–223.1) |
−12.5
| 197.5 (182.8–212.2) |
−15.2
| 255.4 (240.6–270.2) | −5.3 | 162.0 (129.8–194.3) | − 1.3 | 179.3 (169.7–189.0) |
−13.6
|
Cancer | 101.0 (99.7–102.4) |
−14.0
| 91.1 (81.1–101.1) |
−21.0
| 107.6 (97.9–117.2) | −0.7 | 72.1 (51.5–92.7) | 17.6 | 81.0 (74.5–87.5) | −9.4 |
Head and neck | 2.1 (1.9–2.3) |
−19.2
| 1.9 (0.5–3.3) | −44.1 | 3.9 (2.0–5.7) | −7.1 | 3.7 (0.0–7.9) | 362.5 | 1.2 (0.4–2.0) | 9.1 |
Stomach | 1.8 (1.7–2.0) |
−33.3
| 1.4 (0.2–2.6) | −57.6 | 1.4 (0.3–2.4) | 27.3 | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | −100.0 | 3.5 (2.2–4.9) | 9.4 |
Colorectal | 8.2 (7.8–8.6) |
−23.4
| 7.8 (4.8–10.7) | −39.1 | 8.5 (5.8–11.3) | −26.7 | 11 (1.5–20.4) | 96.4 | 7.1 (5.2–9.0) | −29.7 |
Pancreas | 4.6 (4.3–4.9) | 4.5 | 3.5 (1.6–5.4) | −34.0 | 7.2 (4.7–9.7) | 75.6 | 2.7 (0.0–6.5) | −15.6 | 5.1 (3.5–6.8) | 41.7 |
Lung | 17.4 (16.8–17.9) |
38.1
| 20.2 (15.3–25.0) | 4.7 | 20.7 (16.4–24.9) |
59.2
| 15.6 (5.9–25.3) | 79.3 | 12.1 (9.6–14.7) |
42.4
|
Breast | 28.2 (27.5–28.9) |
−22.7
| 23.2 (18.1–28.3) | −12.1 | 28.6 (23.6–33.6) | −3.4 | 16.9 (7.2–26.6) | 9.7 | 18.9 (15.8–22.0) |
−23.5
|
Uterus | 2.5 (2.3–2.7) |
−21.9
| 1.6 (0.3–2.9) | −55.6 | 3.3 (1.6–5.0) | −8.3 | 3.7 (0.0–8.0) | 27.6 | 2.4 (1.2–3.5) | −27.3 |
Ovary | 6.8 (6.4–7.1) |
−27.7
| 7.1 (4.3–9.8) | −15.5 | 6.7 (4.2–9.2) | −6.9 | 4.8 (0.0–9.6) | 118.2 | 5.1 (3.5–6.8) | 13.3 |
Brain | 3.7 (3.4–4.0) |
−26.0
| 2.1 (0.5–3.6) | −44.7 | 2.5 (1.1–4.0) | −41.9 | 2.8 (0.0–6.6) | −20.0 | 3.4 (2.1–4.7) | −40.4 |
Leukaemia | 2.3 (2.1–2.5) |
−28.1
| 3.6 (1.6–5.5) | 28.6 | 3.5 (1.8–5.3) | 29.6 | 1.5 (0.0–4.5) | −16.7 | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | − 13.0 |
Circulatory | 39.2 (38.3–40.0) |
−23.1
| 36.2 (29.9–42.5) | −0.8 | 41.1 (35.1–47.1) |
−31.4
| 19.0 (8.5–29.5) | −44.8 | 35.4 (31.1–39.7) |
−27.3
|
Respiratory | 12.5 (12.1–13.0) |
6.8
| 11.6 (8.1–15.1) | −14.7 | 10.6 (7.6–13.6) | 5.0 | 11.8 (2.2–21.3) | 100.0 | 8.0 (6.0–10.1) | −7.0 |
Digestive | 12.4 (11.9–12.9) |
−6.1
| 7.6 (4.7–10.5) | 15.2 | 19.8 (15.6–24) | −12.8 | 5.2 (0.0–11.6) | −30.7 | 8.5 (6.4–10.6) | −9.6 |
Injuries | 14.1 (13.6–14.7) |
−44.3
| 13.4 (9.6–17.63) | −33.3 | 8.8 (6.1–11.5) |
−66.3
| 12.0 (4.1–19.9) | −13.7 | 2.4 (1.3–3.4) |
−87.4
|
Eastern Europe | Turkey | Morocco | Sub-Saharan Africa | |||||||
All Deaths | 223.1 (203.8–242.5) |
−21.9
| 218.2 (193.8–242.7) | 3.1 | 184.3 (168–200.7) |
−19.5
| 270.0 (230.9–309.0) |
−39.3
| ||
Cancer | 100.9 (87.9–114.0) |
−22.7
| 67.8 (54.4–81.1) | 34.0 | 61.9 (52.6–71.2) | 27.1 | 103.6 (76.7–130.5) | 3.0 | ||
Head and neck | 3.2 (0.8–5.5) | −47.5 | 1.3 (0.0–3.2) | 18.2 | 0.8 (0.0–1.7) | −38.5 | 0.7 (0.0–2.0) | −86.3 | ||
Stomach | 5.6 (2.5–8.6) | 51.4 | 3.7 (0.6–6.7) | −33.9 | 4.7 (2.1–7.3) | 9.3 | 3.4 (0.0–9.0) | 100.0 | ||
Colorectal | 8.4 (4.6–12.1) | 16.7 | 2.5 (0.0–5.0) | −28.6 | 6.4 (3.3–9.6) | 68.4 | 16.6 (5.0–28.1) | 876.5 | ||
Pancreas | 6.1 (2.8–9.4) | 41.9 | 6.8 (2.3–11.3) | – | 5.3 (2.4–8.2) | 657.1 | 8.8 (0.0–18.5) | – | ||
Lung | 20.0 (14.2–25.8) | 69.5 | 8.3 (3.6–13.1) | 23.9 | 4.3 (1.8–6.8) | 377.8 | 10.6 (2.7–18.6) | 79.7 | ||
Breast | 20.4 (14.6–26.3) |
−41.4
| 10.5 (5.6–15.5) | 208.8 | 14.2 (10.2–18.2) | 40.6 | 24.4 (11.7–37.1) | −16.2 | ||
Uterus | 1.8 (0.2–3.4) | −5.3 | 5.7 (1.5–10.0) | – | 1.1 (0.0–2.3) | 22.2 | 0.4 (0.0–1.2) | −96.5 | ||
Ovary | 5.7 (2.6–8.8) | −47.2 | 4.7 (1.2–8.2) | −42.0 | 3.0 (1.0–5.0) | −31.8 | 5.6 (0.0–12.4) | − 50.4 | ||
Brain | 4.2 (1.6–6.9) | −53.8 | 4.4 (1.2–7.7) | −20.0 | 3.2 (1.0–5.5) | 88.2 | 0.9 (0.0–2.1) | −92.4 | ||
Leukaemia | 1.2 (0.0–2.5) | −78.2 | 2.7 (0.0–5.6) | – | 0.9 (0.0–1.9) | −62.5 | 8.7 (1.0–16.5) | – | ||
Circulatory | 38.3 (30.1–46.5) |
−35.8
| 52.4 (40.2–64.7) | 19.1 | 42.7 (34.5–50.8) |
92.3
| 45.9 (30.2–61.7) | −46.6 | ||
Respiratory | 7.3 (3.7–10.9) | −41.1 | 9.9 (4.5–15.3) | −37.3 | 9.8 (5.9–13.7) | −21.0 | 11.9 (3.5–20.3) | 88.9 | ||
Digestive | 11.2 (6.9–15.5) | −30.4 | 4.7 (1.1–8.3) | −19.0 | 3.1 (1.0–5.2) |
−74.2
| 11.8 (3.6–20.0) | 87.3 | ||
Injuries | 12.1 (7.8–16.5) |
−50.0
| 9.8 (5.5–14.2) | −24.6 | 10.0 (6.8–13.1) | − 5.7 | 11.5 (5.4–17.6) | −63.7 |
Belgium | Netherlands | France | Spain | Italy | Eastern Europe | Turkey | Morocco | Sub-Saharan Africa | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men – 1990s | |||||||||
All Deaths | ref. | 0.82 (0.78,0.87) | 1.28 (1.23,1.33) | 0.84 (0.79,0.90) | 0.90 (0.88,0.93) | 1.09 (1.03,1.16) | 0.75 (0.70,0.81) | 0.65 (0.62,0.69) | 1.05 (0.91,1.22) |
Cancer | ref. | 0.79 (0.73,0.86) | 1.20 (1.13,1.28) | 0.74 (0.66,0.83) | 0.86 (0.81,0.90) | 0.89 (0.80,0.99) | 0.57 (0.50,0.66) | 0.51 (0.46,0.56) | 0.45 (0.30,0.67) |
Head and neck | ref. | 0.54 (0.37,0.77) | 2.17 (1.86,2.55) | 0.63 (0.41,0.96) | 0.38 (0.29,0.48) | 0.97 (0.67,1.39) | 0.38 (0.21,0.69) | 0.27 (0.17,0.44) | 0.53 (0.17,1.66) |
Oesophagus | ref. | 1.34 (0.95,1.88) | 1.56 (1.18,2.06) | 0.39 (0.17,0.86) | 0.47 (0.33,0.65) | 0.57 (0.28,1.14) | 0.47 (0.21,1.05) | 0.22 (0.10,0.48) | – |
Stomach | ref. | 0.30 (0.14,0.63) | 0.70 (0.46,1.08) | 1.17 (0.74,1.87) | 1.28 (1.04,1.59) | 0.72 (0.39,1.35) | 1.34 (0.82,2.19) | 0.74 (0.47,1.16) | – |
Colorectal | ref. | 0.91 (0.68,1.21) | 1.05 (0.83,1.33) | 0.49 (0.30,0.79) | 0.69 (0.57,0.83) | 0.67 (0.44,1.03) | 0.30 (0.15,0.60) | 0.46 (0.31,0.67) | – |
Liver | ref. | 1.10 (0.65,1.87) | 1.72 (1.17,2.51) | 1.80 (1.08,3.00) | 2.50 (2.02,3.08) | 0.66 (0.28,1.60) | 0.94 (0.42,2.11) | 1.82 (1.22,2.70) | 5.38 (2.22,13.00) |
Pancreas | ref. | 0.38 (0.21,0.71) | 1.06 (0.76,1.49) | 0.59 (0.32,1.09) | 0.88 (0.69,1.12) | 1.04 (0.64,1.70) | 1.07 (0.63,1.81) | 0.70 (0.45,1.09) | – |
Lung | ref. | 0.76 (0.66,0.88) | 1.13 (1.02,1.26) | 0.78 (0.65,0.92) | 0.91 (0.84,0.98) | 0.84 (0.70,1.00) | 0.55 (0.43,0.70) | 0.43 (0.36,0.51) | 0.28 (0.12,0.67) |
Prostate | ref. | 0.55 (0.32,0.95) | 1.11 (0.77,1.59) | 0.56 (0.29,1.07) | 0.53 (0.38,0.73) | 0.54 (0.27,1.08) | 0.28 (0.09,0.86) | 0.51 (0.29,0.90) | 1.77 (0.44,7.08) |
Bladder | ref. | 0.70 (0.39,1.23) | 1.50 (1.05,2.15) | 0.86 (0.46,1.61) | 0.72 (0.52,1.01) | 1.23 (0.71,2.12) | 0.61 (0.25,1.46) | 0.72 (0.42,1.25) | – |
Brain | ref. | 0.88 (0.58,1.32) | 0.82 (0.57,1.18) | 0.95 (0.58,1.55) | 0.88 (0.69,1.11) | 0.83 (0.47,1.46) | 0.86 (0.50,1.49) | 0.55 (0.34,0.88) | – |
Circulatory | ref. | 0.86 (0.78,0.95) | 1.04 (0.95,1.12) | 0.58 (0.49,0.67) | 0.85 (0.80,0.90) | 1.16 (1.04,1.30) | 0.69 (0.59,0.81) | 0.51 (0.45,0.58) | 0.76 (0.52,1.10) |
Respiratory | ref. | 0.56 (0.43,0.72) | 1.35 (1.16,1.57) | 1.12 (0.90,1.39) | 1.53 (1.40,1.68) | 1.29 (1.05,1.60) | 0.51 (0.35,0.75) | 0.39 (0.29,0.53) | 1.14 (0.57,2.27) |
Digestive | ref. | 0.42 (0.31,0.58) | 1.65 (1.44,1.90) | 0.75 (0.55,1.01) | 0.78 (0.68,0.89) | 1.42 (1.13,1.80) | 0.27 (0.16,0.46) | 0.22 (0.15,0.33) | 0.47 (0.20,1.13) |
Injuries | ref. | 0.81 (0.70,0.92) | 1.17 (1.06,1.28) | 0.72 (0.60,0.86) | 0.71 (0.66,0.77) | 0.99 (0.84,1.18) | 0.66 (0.56,0.79) | 0.49 (0.42,0.57) | 0.75 (0.54,1.03) |
Men – 2000s | |||||||||
All Deaths | ref. | 0.76 (0.73,0.80) | 1.23 (1.19,1.27) | 0.71 (0.64,0.78) | 0.78 (0.75,0.80) | 1.07 (1.02,1.13) | 0.74 (0.69,0.78) | 0.68 (0.65,0.71) | 0.87 (0.80,0.94) |
Cancer | ref. | 0.83 (0.77,0.89) | 1.14 (1.07,1.21) | 0.76 (0.64,0.89) | 0.78 (0.74,0.82) | 0.97 (0.88,1.07) | 0.64 (0.56,0.72) | 0.61 (0.56,0.66) | 0.71 (0.61,0.84) |
Head and neck | ref. | 0.48 (0.34,0.68) | 1.67 (1.40,1.99) | 0.59 (0.31,1.13) | 0.41 (0.32,0.52) | 0.69 (0.47,1.01) | 0.08 (0.03,0.25) | 0.15 (0.08,0.27) | 0.75 (0.45,1.25) |
Oesophagus | ref. | 0.89 (0.64,1.23) | 1.14 (0.87,1.50) | 0.32 (0.10,1.01) | 0.30 (0.21,0.43) | 0.47 (0.26,0.85) | 0.05 (0.01,0.34) | 0.23 (0.12,0.43) | 0.88 (0.47,1.65) |
Stomach | ref. | 0.62 (0.38,1.02) | 1.02 (0.70,1.47) | 1.23 (0.59,2.59) | 1.15 (0.90,1.46) | 0.98 (0.58,1.65) | 1.02 (0.59,1.76) | 1.33 (0.95,1.86) | 1.02 (0.48,2.14) |
Colorectal | ref. | 1.15 (0.92,1.44) | 1.08 (0.86,1.34) | 0.73 (0.41,1.33) | 0.77 (0.64,0.92) | 0.86 (0.61,1.22) | 0.26 (0.13,0.51) | 0.44 (0.31,0.63) | 0.48 (0.24,0.97) |
Liver | ref. | 0.78 (0.49,1.24) | 2.21 (1.69,2.88) | 1.76 (0.91,3.40) | 1.51 (1.21,1.89) | 0.79 (0.42,1.46) | 0.83 (0.43,1.60) | 0.97 (0.63,1.48) | 4.16 (2.78,6.23) |
Pancreas | ref. | 0.95 (0.69,1.30) | 1.22 (0.93,1.59) | 1.10 (0.59,2.05) | 0.74 (0.58,0.93) | 1.10 (0.74,1.64) | 0.92 (0.58,1.46) | 0.79 (0.55,1.11) | 1.15 (0.65,2.03) |
Lung | ref. | 0.74 (0.64,0.84) | 1.10 (0.99,1.23) | 0.56 (0.41,0.78) | 0.89 (0.82,0.96) | 1.24 (1.08,1.42) | 0.78 (0.64,0.94) | 0.73 (0.64,0.84) | 0.32 (0.21,0.49) |
Prostate | ref. | 1.35 (0.96,1.90) | 0.80 (0.52,1.22) | 1.30 (0.62,2.73) | 0.68 (0.49,0.94) | 0.68 (0.36,1.32) | 0.52 (0.21,1.25) | 1.24 (0.84,1.81) | 3.22 (1.94,5.37) |
Bladder | ref. | 1.02 (0.66,1.57) | 1.04 (0.69,1.57) | – | 0.80 (0.58,1.11) | 0.99 (0.55,1.80) | – | 0.26 (0.11,0.63) | – |
Brain | ref. | 1.01 (0.71,1.44) | 0.89 (0.63,1.26) | 0.57 (0.21,1.53) | 0.77 (0.59,0.99) | 0.64 (0.36,1.13) | 0.56 (0.31,1.02) | 0.50 (0.32,0.79) | 0.19 (0.05,0.74) |
Circulatory | ref. | 0.74 (0.67,0.82) | 1.01 (0.93,1.10) | 0.48 (0.37,0.63) | 0.80 (0.75,0.85) | 1.03 (0.92,1.16) | 0.81 (0.71,0.93) | 0.62 (0.55,0.69) | 0.87 (0.73,1.04) |
Respiratory | ref. | 0.66 (0.54,0.81) | 1.33 (1.16,1.54) | 0.50 (0.30,0.84) | 0.69 (0.60,0.79) | 1.00 (0.79,1.26) | 0.69 (0.51,0.93) | 0.61 (0.49,0.76) | 0.78 (0.53,1.16) |
Digestive | ref. | 0.45 (0.36,0.57) | 1.28 (1.12,1.46) | 0.60 (0.39,0.93) | 0.53 (0.46,0.61) | 1.01 (0.82,1.25) | 0.21 (0.13,0.33) | 0.20 (0.14,0.28) | 0.53 (0.36,0.79) |
Injuries | ref. | 0.84 (0.73,0.97) | 0.67 (0.58,0.77) | 0.67 (0.48,0.94) | 0.20 (0.17,0.24) | 0.81 (0.68,0.97) | 0.63 (0.53,0.75) | 0.65 (0.57,0.74) | 0.52 (0.40,0.68) |
Belgium | Netherlands | France | Spain | Italy | Eastern Europe | Turkey | Morocco | Sub-Saharan Africa | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Women – 1990s | |||||||||
All Deaths | ref. | 0.92 (0.86,0.98) | 1.08 (1.03,1.14) | 0.67 (0.61,0.74) | 0.78 (0.75,0.82) | 1.16 (1.07,1.26) | 0.75 (0.67,0.84) | 0.77 (0.71,0.84) | 2.18 (1.90,2.51) |
Cancer | ref. | 0.96 (0.87,1.06) | 0.92 (0.85,0.99) | 0.52 (0.44,0.62) | 0.73 (0.68,0.78) | 1.15 (1.02,1.29) | 0.43 (0.35,0.54) | 0.46 (0.39,0.55) | 0.97 (0.71,1.33) |
Head and neck | ref. | 1.42 (0.84,2.41) | 1.47 (0.97,2.22) | 0.33 (0.08,1.33) | 0.38 (0.21,0.72) | 2.72 (1.63,4.54) | 0.24 (0.03,1.70) | 0.28 (0.07,1.12) | 1.97 (0.49,7.90) |
Stomach | ref. | 1.43 (0.85,2.43) | 0.39 (0.18,0.88) | 1.13 (0.54,2.37) | 1.08 (0.73,1.58) | 1.62 (0.84,3.13) | 2.12 (1.05,4.26) | 1.79 (0.99,3.24) | 1.23 (0.17,8.69) |
Colorectal | ref. | 1.16 (0.87,1.55) | 1.13 (0.89,1.43) | 0.48 (0.27,0.84) | 0.90 (0.73,1.11) | 0.80 (0.50,1.27) | 0.41 (0.18,0.90) | 0.21 (0.09,0.50) | 0.97 (0.31,3.02) |
Pancreas | ref. | 1.03 (0.64,1.67) | 0.83 (0.54,1.27) | 0.58 (0.26,1.29) | 0.73 (0.51,1.04) | 1.18 (0.65,2.13) | – | 0.32 (0.10,1.00) | – |
Lung | ref. | 1.55 (1.23,1.95) | 1.04 (0.83,1.30) | 0.67 (0.43,1.04) | 0.59 (0.47,0.75) | 0.89 (0.60,1.33) | 0.43 (0.21,0.86) | 0.03 (0.00,0.23) | 0.97 (0.36,2.58) |
Breast | ref. | 0.67 (0.55,0.83) | 0.79 (0.68,0.91) | 0.47 (0.34,0.64) | 0.66 (0.58,0.75) | 1.02 (0.82,1.28) | 0.12 (0.06,0.25) | 0.37 (0.27,0.51) | 0.72 (0.39,1.34) |
Uterus | ref. | 1.11 (0.64,1.91) | 0.93 (0.57,1.50) | 0.67 (0.28,1.60) | 1.03 (0.72,1.48) | 0.60 (0.22,1.60) | – | 0.42 (0.14,1.30) | 2.17 (0.54,8.73) |
Ovary | ref. | 0.86 (0.60,1.24) | 0.83 (0.62,1.11) | 0.28 (0.12,0.62) | 0.48 (0.36,0.65) | 1.23 (0.82,1.83) | 0.60 (0.30,1.21) | 0.32 (0.15,0.68) | 0.71 (0.18,2.85) |
Brain | ref. | 0.79 (0.48,1.31) | 0.80 (0.53,1.19) | 0.74 (0.38,1.42) | 1.11 (0.85,1.45) | 1.61 (1.00,2.60) | 1.39 (0.79,2.46) | 0.42 (0.19,0.94) | 0.97 (0.24,3.89) |
Leukaemia | ref. | 0.93 (0.51,1.68) | 0.85 (0.52,1.40) | 0.66 (0.27,1.58) | 0.61 (0.38,0.95) | 1.36 (0.70,2.61) | – | 0.81 (0.39,1.71) | – |
Circulatory | ref. | 0.76 (0.64,0.90) | 1.20 (1.08,1.34) | 0.72 (0.58,0.89) | 0.95 (0.86,1.04) | 1.19 (1.00,1.42) | 1.06 (0.85,1.34) | 0.50 (0.38,0.65) | 1.47 (0.96,2.26) |
Respiratory | ref. | 1.08 (0.81,1.44) | 0.90 (0.70,1.16) | 0.50 (0.30,0.85) | 0.70 (0.56,0.87) | 1.09 (0.75,1.60) | 1.11 (0.70,1.76) | 0.65 (0.40,1.05) | 1.20 (0.45,3.19) |
Digestive | ref. | 0.46 (0.30,0.69) | 1.70 (1.44,2.02) | 0.66 (0.43,1.02) | 0.62 (0.50,0.77) | 1.20 (0.86,1.69) | 0.40 (0.21,0.78) | 0.35 (0.20,0.60) | 0.54 (0.17,1.68) |
Injuries | ref. | 0.84 (0.68,1.04) | 1.09 (0.94,1.26) | 0.57 (0.42,0.79) | 0.73 (0.64,0.84) | 0.98 (0.75,1.28) | 0.47 (0.33,0.68) | 0.39 (0.28,0.53) | 1.39 (0.93,2.08) |
Women – 2000s | |||||||||
All Deaths | ref. | 0.91 (0.85,0.96) | 1.16 (1.11,1.22) | 0.76 (0.65,0.88) | 0.78 (0.74,0.81) | 0.94 (0.88,1.01) | 0.82 (0.75,0.89) | 0.75 (0.70,0.80) | 1.18 (1.08,1.29) |
Cancer | ref. | 0.89 (0.81,0.97) | 1.05 (0.98,1.13) | 0.78 (0.63,0.97) | 0.77 (0.72,0.82) | 0.93 (0.84,1.03) | 0.62 (0.53,0.71) | 0.58 (0.52,0.65) | 0.79 (0.67,0.93) |
Head and neck | ref. | 0.95 (0.52,1.72) | 1.75 (1.19,2.57) | 2.57 (1.15,5.75) | 0.54 (0.32,0.92) | 1.10 (0.57,2.12) | 0.66 (0.25,1.77) | 0.37 (0.14,0.99) | 0.54 (0.13,2.16) |
Stomach | ref. | 0.61 (0.27,1.36) | 0.76 (0.41,1.43) | – | 2.04 (1.51,2.77) | 3.00 (1.94,4.64) | 2.32 (1.31,4.10) | 1.94 (1.21,3.10) | 0.94 (0.30,2.93) |
Colorectal | ref. | 0.86 (0.62,1.19) | 0.97 (0.74,1.27) | 1.16 (0.63,2.17) | 0.84 (0.67,1.05) | 0.80 (0.53,1.19) | 0.37 (0.18,0.74) | 0.72 (0.50,1.05) | 1.22 (0.74,2.00) |
Pancreas | ref. | 0.65 (0.40,1.06) | 1.46 (1.10,1.96) | 0.62 (0.20,1.92) | 1.12 (0.86,1.45) | 1.01 (0.63,1.63) | 1.11 (0.64,1.92) | 0.90 (0.57,1.42) | 0.57 (0.21,1.53) |
Lung | ref. | 1.12 (0.92,1.35) | 1.21 (1.03,1.42) | 0.83 (0.51,1.36) | 0.66 (0.56,0.78) | 0.99 (0.78,1.26) | 0.38 (0.24,0.59) | 0.19 (0.12,0.30) | 0.65 (0.42,1.00) |
Breast | ref. | 0.75 (0.62,0.90) | 0.98 (0.85,1.13) | 0.69 (0.45,1.06) | 0.65 (0.57,0.74) | 0.70 (0.56,0.88) | 0.37 (0.26,0.52) | 0.69 (0.57,0.84) | 0.68 (0.49,0.94) |
Uterus | ref. | 0.85 (0.47,1.54) | 1.60 (1.09,2.34) | 1.95 (0.81,4.71) | 0.96 (0.65,1.40) | 0.90 (0.45,1.80) | 1.59 (0.85,2.98) | 0.53 (0.24,1.18) | 0.27 (0.04,1.88) |
Ovary | ref. | 1.02 (0.74,1.42) | 0.86 (0.63,1.18) | 0.99 (0.47,2.09) | 0.77 (0.59,0.99) | 0.85 (0.55,1.31) | 0.78 (0.46,1.32) | 0.43 (0.26,0.73) | 0.55 (0.24,1.22) |
Brain | ref. | 0.60 (0.34,1.06) | 0.72 (0.46,1.13) | 0.97 (0.36,2.59) | 0.79 (0.57,1.10) | 1.12 (0.70,1.81) | 0.88 (0.49,1.60) | 0.73 (0.44,1.19) | 0.38 (0.12,1.17) |
Leukaemia | ref. | 1.75 (1.12,2.73) | 1.42 (0.93,2.17) | 0.86 (0.21,3.44) | 0.81 (0.52,1.24) | 0.60 (0.25,1.44) | 0.91 (0.41,2.03) | 0.51 (0.23,1.14) | 3.38 (1.99,5.73) |
Circulatory | ref. | 0.97 (0.84,1.12) | 1.08 (0.96,1.22) | 0.59 (0.40,0.89) | 0.85 (0.77,0.94) | 0.90 (0.76,1.07) | 1.11 (0.93,1.34) | 0.92 (0.79,1.07) | 1.24 (0.99,1.55) |
Respiratory | ref. | 1.03 (0.80,1.31) | 0.95 (0.76,1.19) | 0.88 (0.48,1.58) | 0.69 (0.57,0.85) | 0.50 (0.33,0.77) | 0.62 (0.39,0.97) | 0.72 (0.53,0.98) | 1.19 (0.78,1.80) |
Digestive | ref. | 0.64 (0.47,0.86) | 1.51 (1.27,1.79) | 0.29 (0.11,0.78) | 0.62 (0.51,0.76) | 0.98 (0.74,1.30) | 0.29 (0.16,0.52) | 0.18 (0.10,0.31) | 0.88 (0.57,1.35) |
Injuries | ref. | 0.96 (0.77,1.20) | 0.58 (0.45,0.73) | 1.01 (0.63,1.62) | 0.17 (0.12,0.24) | 0.81 (0.62,1.06) | 0.80 (0.61,1.06) | 0.83 (0.67,1.02) | 0.86 (0.62,1.21) |