Background
Methods
Study subjects
Household income and urbanity
Anthropometric measurement
Criteria for childhood overweight and obesity
Statistical analysis
Results
1998–2001 | 2010–2012 | Total | |
---|---|---|---|
Boys | 1622 (100.0) | 1488 (100.0) | 3110 (100.0) |
Household income | |||
Low | 531 (32.7) | 473 (31.8) | 1004 (32.3) |
Middle | 550 (33.9) | 490 (32.9) | 1040 (33.4) |
High | 541 (33.4) | 525 (35.3) | 1066 (34.3) |
Urbanity | |||
Rural | 410 (25.3) | 207 (13.9) | 617 (19.8) |
Urban | 1212 (74.7) | 1281 (86.1) | 2493 (80.2) |
Girls | 1553 (100.0) | 1353 (100.0) | 2906 (100.0) |
Household income | |||
Low | 518 (33.4) | 476 (35.2) | 994 (34.2) |
Middle | 528 (34.0) | 457 (33.8) | 985 (33.9) |
High | 507 (32.6) | 420 (31.0) | 927 (31.9) |
Urbanity | |||
Rural | 399 (25.7) | 202 (14.9) | 601 (20.7) |
Urban | 1154 (74.3) | 1151 (85.1) | 2305 (79.3) |
Changes in body mass index Z-scores by household income and urbanity
Trends in body mass index and waist circumferences by household income and urbanity
1998–2001 | 2010–2012 | P for trends* | P for interaction** | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Body mass index | ||||
Boys | 20.42 (0.09) | 20.76 (0.11) | 0.0195 | |
Household income | ||||
Low | 20.09 (0.15) | 20.38 (0.20) | 0.2431 | 0.3864 |
Middle | 20.46 (0.15) | 20.73 (0.19) | 0.2676 | |
High | 20.67 (0.16) | 21.28 (0.20) | 0.0175 | |
P-value for trend*** | 0.0101 | 0.0017 | ||
Urbanity | ||||
Rural | 19.96 (0.18) | 20.31 (0.27) | 0.291 | 0.9616 |
Urban | 20.52 (0.10) | 20.86 (0.13) | 0.0379 | |
P-value**** | 0.0087 | 0.083 | ||
Girls | 20.01 (0.08) | 20.14 (0.11) | 0.3435 | |
Household income | ||||
Low | 20.34 (0.16) | 20.26 (0.19) | 0.7782 | 0.7072 |
Middle | 19.86 (0.13) | 20.17 (0.18) | 0.1607 | |
High | 19.87 (0.14) | 19.94 (0.18) | 0.7738 | |
P-value for trend*** | 0.0215 | 0.188 | ||
Urbanity | ||||
Rural | 20.03 (0.17) | 20.47 (0.32) | 0.2438 | 0.3532 |
Urban | 20.00 (0.10) | 20.07 (0.11) | 0.6463 | |
P-value**** | 0.5636 | 0.1752 | ||
Waist circumference (cm) | ||||
Boys | 71.59 (0.25) | 70.75 (0.30) | 0.0308 | |
Household income | ||||
Low | 70.93 (0.43) | 69.98 (0.51) | 0.1527 | 0.3942 |
Middle | 71.57 (0.41) | 70.37 (0.49) | 0.0592 | |
High | 72.20 (0.45) | 72.13 (0.56) | 0.9133 | |
P-value for trend*** | 0.039 | 0.0053 | ||
Urbanity | ||||
Rural | 70.32 (0.48) | 69.69 (0.73) | 0.4722 | 0.7682 |
Urban | 71.87 (0.28) | 70.97 (0.33) | 0.0385 | |
P-value**** | 0.0071 | 0.1363 | ||
Girls | 67.41 (0.22) | 66.85 (0.26) | 0.0952 | |
Household income | ||||
Low | 68.46 (0.39) | 67.09 (0.46) | 0.0244 | 0.1762 |
Middle | 67.18 (0.36) | 66.94 (0.41) | 0.6587 | |
High | 66.69 (0.36) | 66.41 (0.42) | 0.62 | |
P-value for trend*** | 0.0007 | 0.2872 | ||
Urbanity | ||||
Rural | 67.25 (0.42) | 67.83 (0.71) | 0.4802 | 0.122 |
Urban | 67.44 (0.25) | 66.63 (0.27) | 0.0272 | |
P-value**** | 0.8649 | 0.0869 |
Trends in the prevalence of childhood obesity by household income and urbanity
1998–2001 | 2010–2012 | P for trends* | P for interaction** | 1998–2001 | 2010–2012 | P for trends* | P for interaction** | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boys | Girls | ||||||||
IOTF criteria | 3.4 (2.5–4.3) | 4.8 (3.5–6.1) | 0.0751 | IOTF criteria | 1.3 (0.7–1.8) | 2.7 (1.6–3.9) | 0.0141 | ||
Household income | Household income | ||||||||
Low | 3.2 (1.7–4.7) | 4.1 (2.3–5.9) | 0.4392 | 0.4249 | Low | 2.1 (0.9–3.4) | 3.6 (1.5–5.6) | 0.211 | 0.8101 |
Middle | 3.3 (1.9–4.8) | 3.7 (1.5–5.8) | 0.8356 | Middle | 0.8 (0.1–1.5) | 2.0 (0.2–3.7) | 0.2291 | ||
High | 3.5 (1.9–5.1) | 6.5 (3.8–9.2) | 0.0435 | High | 1.1 (0.1–2.0) | 2.2 (0.6–3.8) | 0.1393 | ||
P-value for trend*** | 0.9189 | 0.1771 | P-value for trend*** | 0.1519 | 0.245 | ||||
Urbanity | Urbanity | ||||||||
Rural | 3.8 (1.8–5.7) | 1.9 (0.2–3.6) | 0.171 | 0.0117 | Rural | 2.6 (1.0–4.3) | 8.1 (2.7–13.5) | 0.1346 | 0.3353 |
Urban | 3.3 (2.3–4.3) | 5.4 (3.8–6.9) | 0.0205 | Urban | 1.0 (0.4–1.5) | 2.1 (1.1–3.1) | 0.0536 | ||
P-value**** | 0.6957 | 0.0197 | P-value**** | 0.0342 | 0.0387 | ||||
KCDC 2007 | 5.2 (4.0–6.4) | 6.9 (5.3–8.5) | 0.1427 | KCDC 2007 | 5.9 (4.5–7.2) | 7.8 (6.0–9.6) | 0.101 | ||
Household income | Household income | ||||||||
Low | 4.3 (2.5–6.0) | 6.4 (3.8–8.9) | 0.2611 | 0.6890 | Low | 8.6 (5.6–11.5) | 9.3 (6.3–12.3) | 0.7375 | 0.9588 |
Middle | 4.9 (3.0–6.7) | 5.4 (2.9–7.9) | 0.8176 | Middle | 3.7 (2.1–5.4) | 6.2 (3.3–9.1) | 0.1703 | ||
High | 6.2 (3.8–8.6) | 8.7 (5.6–11.9) | 0.2113 | High | 5.6 (3.5–7.7) | 7.3 (4.3–10.2) | 0.3357 | ||
P-value for trend*** | 0.2758 | 0.2521 | P-value for trend*** | 0.1134 | 0.2516 | ||||
Urbanity | Urbanity | ||||||||
Rural | 5.7 (3.3–8.1) | 3.9 (1.2–6.7) | 0.2371 | 0.0356 | Rural | 7.1 (4.5–9.7) | 13.5 (7.2–19.8) | 0.1686 | 0.3428 |
Urban | 5.1 (3.8–6.4) | 7.4 (5.6–9.2) | 0.0526 | Urban | 5.6 (4.1–7.2) | 7.2 (5.4–9.0) | 0.2448 | ||
P-value**** | 0.6814 | 0.0484 | P-value**** | 0.4082 | 0.1444 |
Trends in the prevalence of childhood overweight by household income and urbanity
1998–2001 | 2010–2012 | P for trends* | P for interaction** | 1998–2001 | 2010–2012 | P for trends* | P for interaction** | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boys | Girls | ||||||||
IOTF criteria | 20.4 (18.3–22.5) | 25.6 (22.9–28.3) | 0.0027 | IOTF criteria | 15.0 (13.1–17.0) | 16.7 (14.3–19.1) | 0.3184 | ||
Household income | Household income | ||||||||
Low | 16.4 (13.0–19.7) | 23.7 (19.3–28.1) | 0.0145 | 0.9315 | Low | 18.7 (14.9–22.6) | 19.8 (15.7–23.9) | 0.6558 | 0.9977 |
Middle | 21.7 (18.0–25.3) | 24.4 (19.9–28.9) | 0.4186 | Middle | 13.5 (10.4–16.6) | 15.8 (11.5–20.1) | 0.6519 | ||
High | 22.2 (18.5–25.9) | 29.4 (24.7–34.1) | 0.0208 | High | 13.3 (10.3–16.2) | 13.9 (9.9–17.9) | 0.8108 | ||
P-value for trend*** | 0.0263 | 0.0701 | P-value for trend*** | 0.0434 | 0.0355 | ||||
Urbanity | Urbanity | ||||||||
Rural | 15.9 (12.1–19.7) | 20.1 (14.5–25.8) | 0.2276 | 0.7877 | Rural | 14.4 (10.9–17.9) | 21.7 (14.6–28.8) | 0.1915 | 0.2495 |
Urban | 21.4 (19.0–23.8) | 26.7 (23.8–29.6) | 0.0061 | Urban | 15.1 (12.9–17.3) | 16.3 (13.7–18.9) | 0.6156 | ||
P-value**** | 0.0186 | 0.0743 | P-value**** | 0.7173 | 0.3666 | ||||
KCDC 2007 | 15.2 (13.3–17.2) | 18.5 (16.1–20.9) | 0.0514 | KCDC 2007 | 16.9 (14.9–18.9) | 18.2 (15.7–20.8) | 0.4672 | ||
Household income | Household income | ||||||||
Low | 13.7 (10.6–16.9) | 17.4 (13.4–21.4) | 0.2613 | 0.4813 | Low | 21.4 (17.5–25.4) | 20.9 (16.7–25.1) | 0.9034 | 0.6819 |
Middle | 14.8 (11.6–18.0) | 15.6 (11.7–19.5) | 0.7925 | Middle | 15.9 (12.6–19.2) | 18.3 (13.6–22.9) | 0.6741 | ||
High | 16.7 (13.3–20.1) | 22.9 (18.5–27.3) | 0.0345 | High | 13.8 (10.7–16.8) | 14.9 (10.8–19.0) | 0.6374 | ||
P-value for trend*** | 0.2927 | 0.0687 | P-value for trend*** | 0.005 | 0.0493 | ||||
Urbanity | Urbanity | ||||||||
Rural | 12.1 (8.6–15.6) | 13.8 (8.7–18.8) | 0.6597 | 0.5495 | Rural | 17.5 (13.6–21.3) | 24.5 (17.3–31.7) | 0.301 | 0.3593 |
Urban | 15.9 (13.7–18.1) | 19.4 (16.7–22.0) | 0.0571 | Urban | 16.8 (14.5–19.0) | 17.6 (14.9–20.3) | 0.7501 | ||
P-value**** | 0.0619 | 0.0673 | P-value**** | 0.7772 | 0.2463 |