Background
Methods
Participants and procedure
Measures
Data analysis
Results
General use of the Internet compared with health-related purposes and demographics
Sources of information about health and illness
Sources of health information | 2005 | 2005 | 2007 | 2007 | 2012 | 2012 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (+/-SD) | RANK | Mean (+/-SD) | RANK | Mean (+/-SD) | RANK | |
Internet | 2.98 +/- 1.66 | 7 | 3.37 +/- 1.63 | 7 | 3.37+/-1.62 | 5 |
TV/radio | 3.9 +/- 1.11 | 3 | 3.53 +/- 1.23 | 4 | 3.32+/- 1.32 | 6 |
Books, medical encyclopaedias, leaflets | 3.84 +/- 1.29 | 4 | 3.69+/- 1.31 | 3 | 3.61+/- 1.34 | 3 |
Courses and lectures | 2.82 +/- 1.6 | 8 | 2.76 +/- 1.62 | 8 | 2.96+/- 1.69 | 8 |
Newspapers, magazines | 3.68 +/- 1.17 | 5 | 3.42+/-1.25 | 6 | 3.21+/- 1.3 | 7 |
Family, friends and collegues | 3.98+/- 1.17 | 2 | 3.93+/- 1.22 | 2 | 3.89+/-1.21 | 2 |
Pharmacies | 3.55+/- 1.36 | 6 | 3.43/- 1.36 | 5 | 3.47+/- 1.36 | 4 |
Direct face-to-face contact with health professionals | 4.33 +/- 1.12 | 1 | 4.0+/- 1.3 | 1 | 4.15+/-1.22 | 1 |
Patterns of the Internet use for health purposes
E-health activity | 2005 | 2005 | 2005 | 2007 | 2007 | 2007 | 2012 | 2012 | 2012 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TOTAL N =1027 | AMONG IU N = 545 | Among IUHP N = 428 | TOTAL N =1000 | AMONG IU N = 667 | Among IUHP N = 533 | TOTAL N =1000 | AMONG IU N = 744 | Among IUHP N = 675 | |
n % 95% CI | % 95% CI | % 95% CI | n % 95% CI | % 95% CI | % 95% CI | n % 95% CI | % 95% CI | % 95% CI | |
Interact with health professional you have not met face-to-face | 78 | 108 | 223 | ||||||
7.6 | 14.3 | 18.2 | 10.8 | 16.2 | 20.3 | 22.3 | 30.0 | 33.0 | |
6.0 9.2 | 11.4 17.3 | 14.6 21.9 | 8.9 12.7 | 13.4 19.0 | 16.9 23.7 | 19.7 24.9 | 26.7 33.3 | 29.5 36.6 | |
Participate in forum or self help groups | 81 | 136 | 179 | ||||||
7.9 | 14.9 | 18.9 | 13.6 | 20,4 | 25.5 | 17.9 | 24.1 | 26.5 | |
6.2 9.5 | 11.9 17.8 | 15.2 22.6 | 11.5 15.7 | 17.3 23.4 | 21.8 29.2 | 15.5 20.3 | 21.0 27.1 | 23.2 29.8 | |
Order medicines or other health products | 39 | 77 | 140 | ||||||
3.8 | 7.2 | 9.1 | 7.7 | 11.5 | 14.4 | 14.0 | 18.8 | 20.7 | |
2.6 5.0 | 5.0 9.3 | 6.4 11.8 | 6.0 9.3 | 9.1 14.0 | 11.5 17.4 | 11.8 16.2 | 16.0 21.6 | 17.7 23.8 | |
Approach your family doctor, specialist or other health professionals over the Internet | 12 | 29 | 67 | ||||||
1.2 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 4.3 | 5.4 | 6.7 | 9.0 | 9.9 | |
0.5 1.8 | 1.0 3.4 | 1.2 4.4 | 1.9 3.9 | 2.8 5.9 | 3.5 7.4 | 5.2 8.2 | 6.9 11.1 | 7.7 12.2 | |
Using at least one of the interactive services above | 159 | 229 | 382 | ||||||
15.5 | 29,2 | 37.1 | 22.9 | 34.3 | 43.0 | 38.2 | 51.3 | 56.6 | |
13.3 17.7 | 25.5 33.1 | 32.6 41.7 | 20.3 25.5 | 30.7 37.9 | 38.8 47.2 | 35.2 41.2 | 47.8 54.9 | 52.9 60.3 |
Factors affecting Internet usage and Internet health usage
Characteristics | 2005 | 2005 | 2007 | 2007 | 2012 | 2012 | TOTAL | TOTAL | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IU % (N = 545) | INU% (N = 482) | P VALUE ES*** 95%CI | IU% (N = 667) | INU% (N = 333) | P VALUE ES*** 95%CI | IU% (N = 744) | INU% (N = 256) | P VALUE ES*** 95%CI | IU% (N = 1956) | INU% (N = 1071) | P VALUE ES*** 95%CI | |
Sex: | ||||||||||||
Men | 56.0 | 39.2 |
<0.001
| 54.1 | 36.9 |
<0.001
| 50.4 | 38.9 |
0.002
| 53.2 | 38.4 |
<0.001
|
Women | 44.0 | 60.8 |
0.17
| 45.9 | 63.1 |
0.16
| 49.6 | 61.1 |
0.10
| 46.8 | 61.6 |
0.14
|
0.1 0.23
|
0.1 0.22
|
0.04 0.16
|
0.11 0.18
| |||||||||
Age (years) | ||||||||||||
Mean | 33.63 | 52.24 |
<0.001
| 35.81 | 55.99 |
<0.001
| 39.59 | 64.58 |
<0.001
| 36.64 | 56.32 |
<0.001
|
±SD | ±13.88 | ±15.62 | ±14.6 | ±14.12 | ±14.57 | ±12.86 | ±14.5 | ±15.33 | ||||
Median | 30 | 54 |
-20
| 33 | 57 |
-22
| 38 | 64.5 |
-26
| 35 | 57 |
-21
|
Min-max | 15-79 | 15-80 |
-22 -18
| 15-80 | 15-80 |
-24 -19
| 18-91 | 21-94 |
-28 -24
| 15-91 | 15-94 |
-22 -20
|
Education**: | ||||||||||||
A level | 23.1 | 53.3 |
<0.001
| 22.2 | 55.3 |
<0.001
| 26.1 | 62.3 |
<0.001
| 23.9 | 56.1 |
<0.001
|
B level | 43.9 | 37.3 |
0.36
| 53.5 | 39.0 |
0.35
| 36.7 | 27.8 |
0.35
| 44.4 | 35.6 |
0.35
|
C level | 33.0 | 9.3 |
0.29 0.42
| 24.3 | 5.7 |
0.29 0.41
| 37.2 | 9.9 |
0.28 0.41
| 31.6 | 8.4 |
0.32 0.39
|
Employment status | ||||||||||||
Paid work (including self-employment) and/or in education | 80.7 | 31.3 |
<0.001
| 79.9 | 23.0 |
<0.001
| 69.9 | 17.5 |
<0.001
| 76.3 | 25.5 |
<0.001
|
Retired/housework/care for children or other persons/unemployed and others | 17.4 | 56.0 |
0.50
| 18.0 | 70.1 |
0.55
| 28.2 | 74.1 |
0.46
| 21.7 | 64.7 |
0.50
|
Permanently sick or disabled | 1.8 | 12.7 |
0.44 0.56
| 2.1 | 6.9 |
0.49 0.61
| 1.9 | 8.4 |
0.4 0.52
| 1.9 | 9.9 |
0.46 0.53
|
Residence: place | ||||||||||||
Big cities (above 100000 residents) | 36.7 | 24.3 |
<0.001
| 37.3 | 24.2 |
<0.001
| 34.8 | 23.6 |
<0.001
| 36.2 | 24.1 |
<0.001
|
Minor cities (below 100000 residents) | 32.8 | 33.6 |
0.15
| 31.5 | 26.6 |
0.18
| 31 .0 | 28.0 |
0.13
| 31.7 | 30.1 |
0.15
|
Villages/rural area | 30.5 | 42.1 |
0.08 0.21
| 31.2 | 49.2 |
0.12 0.24
| 34.2 | 48.4 |
0.07 0.19
| 32.1 | 45.8 |
0.11 0.18
|
Health status | ||||||||||||
Very good/good | 73.2 | 35.7 |
<0.001
| 73.0 | 31.4 |
<0.001
| 67.1 | 29.4 |
<0.001
| 70.8 | 32.9 |
<0.001
|
Fair | 23.5 | 51.2 |
0.38
| 23.2 | 55.3 |
0.40
| 28.8 | 53.6 |
0.35
| 25.4 | 53.1 |
0.37
|
Poor/very poor | 3.3 | 13.1 |
0.32 0.44
| 3.7 | 13.3 |
0.34 0.46
| 4.2 | 17.1 |
0.29 0.41
| 3.8 | 14.1 |
0.34 0.41
|
Frequency of doctor`s visits (during last 12 months) | ||||||||||||
Mean | 4.58 | 7.29 |
<0.001
| 4.80 | 6.57 |
<0.001
| 5.46 | 9.72 |
<0.001
| 4.99 | 7.64 |
<0.001
|
±SD | ±5.32 | ±8.39 | ±6.38 | ±7.46 | ±9.48 | ±15.64 | ±7.49 | ±10.41 | ||||
Median | 3 | 4 |
-1
| 3 | 4 |
-1
| 3 | 6 |
-2
| 3 | 5 |
-1
|
Min-max | 0-30 | 0-50 |
-2 -1
| 0-50 | 0-50 |
-2 0
| 0-99 | 0-99 |
-3 -1
| 0-99 | 0-99 |
-2 -1
|
Chronic diseases/disability | ||||||||||||
Yes, I personally | 6.2 | 14.3 |
<0.001
| 5.0 | 13.6 |
<0.001
| 9.3 | 19.6 |
<0.001
| 7.0 | 15.3 |
<0.001
|
Yes, a person close to me | 29.0 | 24.5 |
0.14
| 27.9 | 32.9 |
0.17
| 35.5 | 24.8 |
0.15
| 31.1 | 27.2 |
0.13
|
No | 64.8 | 61.2 |
0.07 0.19
| 67.1 | 53.5 |
0.11 0.23
| 55.2 | 55.6 |
0.09 0.21
| 61.9 | 57.5 |
0.10 0.17
|
Mobile phone use | ||||||||||||
Yes | NO DATA | 96.1 | 69.0 |
<0.001
| 96.1 | 69.0 |
<0.001
| |||||
No | 3.9 | 31.0 |
0.38
| 3.9 | 31.0 |
0.38
| ||||||
0.31 0.44
|
0.31 0.44
|
Characteristics | 2005 | 2005 | 2007 | 2007 | 2012 | 2012 | TOTAL | TOTAL | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IUHP% (N = 428) | INUHP% (N = 117) | P VALUE ES*** 95%CI | IUHP% (N = 533) | INUHP% (N = 134) | P VALUE ES*** 95%CI | IUHP% (N = 667) | INUHP% (N = 77) | P VALUE ES*** 95%CI | IUHP% (N = 1628) | INUHP% (N = 328) | P VALUE ES*** 95%CI | |
Sex: | ||||||||||||
Men | 52.1 | 70.1 |
<0.001
| 50.3 | 70.5 |
<0.001
| 47.4 | 78.1 |
<0.001
| 49.6 | 72.1 |
<0.001
|
Women | 47.9 | 29.9 |
0.14
| 49.7 | 29.5 |
0.16
| 52.6 | 21.9 |
0.18
| 50.4 | 27.9 |
0.17
|
0.06 0.23
|
0.08 0.23
|
0.11 0.25
|
0.12 0.21
| |||||||||
Age (years) | ||||||||||||
Mean | 33.05 | 35.77 | 0.089 | 34.71 | 40.47 |
<0.001
| 38.73 | 46.59 |
<0.001
| 35.92 | 40.15 |
<0.001
|
±SD | ±13.56 | ±14.84 | ±14.20 | ±15.47 | ±14.20 | ±15.92 | ±14.24 | ±15.83 | ||||
Median | 30 | 33 | 31 | 42 |
-6
| 37 | 47 |
-8
| 34 | 40 |
-4
| |
Min-Max | 15-77 | 15-79 | 15-80 | 15-72 |
-9 -3
| 18-83 | 20-91 |
-12 -4
| 15-83 | 15-91 |
-6 -2
| |
Education**: | ||||||||||||
A level | 23.1 | 23.1 | 0.991 | 21.8 | 24.0 | 0.604 | 24.4 | 41.1 | 0.007 | 23.2 | 27.6 | 0.173 |
B level | 43.7 | 44.4 | 53.3 | 55.0 | 38.1 | 24.7 | 0.12 | 44.5 | 44.2 | |||
C level | 33.2 | 32.5 | 25.0 | 20.9 | 37.5 | 34.2 | 0.04 0.19 | 32.2 | 28.2 | |||
Employment status | ||||||||||||
Paid work (including self-employment) and/or in education | 79.0 | 87.2 | 0.111 | 81.4 | 74.4 | 0.056 | 69.3 | 72.6 | 0.886 | 75.8 | 78.7 | 0.484 |
Retired/housework/care for children or other persons/unemployed and others | 19.1 | 11.1 | 16.2 | 24.8 | 28.7 | 26.0 | 22.1 | 20.1 | ||||
Permanently sick or disabled | 1.9 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 0.8 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 1.2 | ||||
Residence: place | ||||||||||||
Big cities (above 100000 residents) | 38.1 | 31.7 | 0.352 | 37.8 | 36.4 | 0.199 | 35.4 | 29.6 | 0.534 | 36.8 | 33.1 | 0.128 |
Minor cities (below 100000 residents) | 32.7 | 33.3 | 32.6 | 26.4 | 31.2 | 31.0 | 32.1 | 30.0 | ||||
Villages/rural area | 29.2 | 35.0 | 29.6 | 37.2 | 33.4 | 39.4 | 31.1 | 36.9 | ||||
Health status | ||||||||||||
Very good/good | 73.1 | 73.5 | 0.999 | 73.7 | 70.5 | 0.725 | 67.5 | 64.4 | 0.650 | 71.0 | 70.2 | 0.878 |
Fair | 23.6 | 23.1 | 22.5 | 25.6 | 28.2 | 32.9 | 25.1 | 26.4 | ||||
Poor/very poor | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 2.7 | 3.9 | 3.4 | ||||
Frequency of doctor`s visits (during last 12 months) | ||||||||||||
Mean | 4.85 | 3.62 |
0.002
| 5.09 | 3.60 |
0.001
| 5.60 | 4.44 |
0.032
| 5.23 | 3.80 |
<0.001
|
±SD | ±5.42 | ±4.83 | ±6.64 | ±5.17 | ±9.72 | ±7.17 | ±7.81 | ±5.57 | ||||
Median | 3 | 2 |
1.0
| 3 | 2 |
1.0
| 3 | 2 |
1.0
| 3 | 2 |
1.0
|
Min-Max | 0-30 | 0-24 |
0.0 1.0
| 0-50 | 0-25 |
0.0 1.0
| 0-99 | 0-45 |
0.0 1.0
| 0-99 | 0-45 |
0.0 1.0
|
Chronic diseases/disability | ||||||||||||
Yes, I personally | 6.8 | 4.3 | 0.564 | 4.9 | 5.5 | 0.293 | 9.6 | 6.8 | 0.066 | 7.3 | 5.3 |
0.006
|
Yes, a person close to me | 29.4 | 27.4 | 28.7 | 21.8 | 36.3 | 24.7 | 32.0 | 24.5 | ||||
0.07
| ||||||||||||
No | 63.8 | 68.3 | 66.4 | 72.7 | 54.1 | 68.5 | 60.7 | 70.2 |
0.02 0.11
| |||
Mobile phone use | ||||||||||||
Yes | NO DATA | 96.6 | 91.8 | 0.057 | 96.6 | 91.8 | 0.057 | |||||
No | 3.4 | 8.2 | 3.4 | 8.2 |