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Erschienen in:

29.11.2021 | Topic

Tumorimpfstoffe

verfasst von: Dr. Malte Roerden, Prof. Dr. Juliane S. Walz

Erschienen in: best practice onkologie | Ausgabe 12/2021

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Krebsimpfstoffe können das patienteneigene Immunsystem gezielt gegen Tumorzellen richten, indem sie Anti-Tumor-Immunantworten induzieren oder verstärken.

Ziel der Arbeit

Ziel der Arbeit ist es, einen Überblick über die sich rasch entwickelnde therapeutische Tumorvakzinierung, immunologische Hintergründe, Arten von Zielantigenen und Applikationsformen sowie deren Einsatz in der Behandlung maligner Erkrankungen zu geben.

Material und Methoden

Es erfolgte eine selektive Literaturrecherche.

Ergebnisse

Tumorvakzine vermögen potente T‑Zell-Immunantworten gegen Tumorantigene zu induzieren. Hierzu gehören tumorassoziierte Selbstantigene, Neoantigene aus tumorspezifischen Mutationen oder onkovirale Antigene. Verschiedenste Applikationsformen wie dendritische Zellvakzine, Peptid- oder auch RNA-Vakzine stehen zur Verfügung und werden in aktuellen klinischen Studien untersucht. Für den klinischen Erfolg einer Tumorimpfung ist neben der Auswahl geeigneter Zielantigene ein optimales Verhältnis von tumorantigenspezifischen T‑Zellen zu zielantigenpräsentierenden Tumorzellen unabdingbar, welches insbesondere in der adjuvanten Therapiesituation gegeben ist. Kombinationstherapien, insbesondere mit Immuncheckpointinhibitoren, versprechen hierbei synergistische Effekte, um den therapeutischen Nutzen von Tumorvakzinierungen weiter zu steigern.

Schlussfolgerung

Zunehmend auch in der Breite anwendbare Methoden der Personalisierung ermöglichen die Anwendung individualisierter therapeutischer Krebsimpfstoffe auch in größeren Patientenkollektiven. Die Auswahl der Zielantigene ist von zentraler Bedeutung für die Wirksamkeit der Tumorimpfstoffe, da deren Immunogenität und tumorspezifische Präsentation über HLA-Moleküle grundlegend für die Induktion tumorreaktiver T‑Zellen ist.

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Titel: Tumorimpfstoffe
verfasst von: Dr. Malte Roerden
Prof. Dr. Juliane S. Walz
Publikationsdatum: 29.11.2021
Verlag: Springer Medizin
Erschienen in: best practice onkologie / Ausgabe 12/2021
Print ISSN: 0946-4565
Elektronische ISSN: 1862-8559
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11654-021-00356-2

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