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The journal of nutrition, health & aging

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05.01.2022 | Original Research

Twelve Weeks of Additional Fish Intake Improves the Cognition of Cognitively Intact, Resource-Limited Elderly People: A Randomized Control Trial

verfasst von: Lizette Kühn, U. E. MacIntyre, C. Kotzé, P. J. Becker, F. A. M. Wenhold

Erschienen in: The journal of nutrition, health & aging | Ausgabe 2/2022

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Abstract

Introduction

Dietary omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may reduce the risk of dementia. Many studies have investigated PUFA supplementation in high-income countries, yet food-based randomized control trials using omega 3 PUFA rich fish in lower to middle income countries, are lacking.

Objective

To determine the effect on cognition of adding either fish or non-fish foods for twelve weeks to an enhanced diet of cognitively intact, independently living, resource-limited elderly people.

Design

Randomized control trial (National Health Trial register: DOH-27-061-6026)

Setting

Retirement center in urban South Africa.

Participants

Fifty-seven (74% female, mean age: 72±7 years) elderly participants with cognitive function exceeding 22 on the Mini Mental State Examination were randomized into an intervention (n=31) and control (n=26) group.

Intervention

The usual diets of both groups were enhanced with context-appropriate foods to mimic elements of the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet. The intervention group additionally received canned pilchards and fish spread every week amounting to an additional (theoretical) intake of 2.2g omega 3 PUFA daily. The control group received canned meatballs and texturized soya every week.

Measurements

Cognition was measured twice before and once after the intervention phase using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI). Adherence was assessed by a study-specific food frequency questionnaire and red blood cell (RBC) PUFA biomarkers. Data were analyzed using a non-parametric analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with, and without, bootstrap imputation.

Results

Participants in the intervention group had a significantly higher post intervention (P=0.036) CASI score than the control group, when the model was fitted with imputation and controlled for baseline scores. Participants in the intervention group also had a significantly higher intake of calculated dietary omega 3 PUFA and higher levels of RBC eicosapentaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid content than the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Twelve weeks of fish intake in the context of a modified MIND diet may improve the cognition of cognitively intact, resource-limited elderly people.

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Titel: Twelve Weeks of Additional Fish Intake Improves the Cognition of Cognitively Intact, Resource-Limited Elderly People: A Randomized Control Trial
verfasst von: Lizette Kühn
U. E. MacIntyre
C. Kotzé
P. J. Becker
F. A. M. Wenhold
Publikationsdatum: 05.01.2022
Verlag: Springer Paris
Erschienen in: The journal of nutrition, health & aging / Ausgabe 2/2022
Print ISSN: 1279-7707
Elektronische ISSN: 1760-4788
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-021-1723-2

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Twelve Weeks of Additional Fish Intake Improves the Cognition of Cognitively Intact, Resource-Limited Elderly People: A Randomized Control Trial