Background
Methods
The cohort and study population
Criteria for Inclusion in BC-HTC All individuals: • tested at the centralized provincial laboratory for HCV or HIV OR • reported in BC as a confirmed case of HCV OR • reported in BC enhanced surveillance system as a confirmed case of HIV or AIDS (all reports) OR • reported in BC as a confirmed case of HBV OR • reported in BC as a confirmed case of active TB (latent cases excluded) OR • included in BC Enhanced Strain Surveillance System (EHSSS) as an acute HBV or HCV case | |
All individuals meeting at least one the above criteria were linked internally across all their tests and case reports. Those with a valid personal health number (PHN) were then sent for deterministic linkage with province-wide Cancer and Ministry of Health (MoH) datasets | |
Provincial Communicable Disease Data Sources • BC-PHL HIV laboratory testing datasets (tests: ELISA, Western blot, NAAT, p24, culture) • BC-PHL HCV laboratory tests datasets (tests: antibody, HCV RNA, genotyping) • HIV/AIDS Information System (HAISYS) (public health HIV/AIDS case reports) • Integrated Public Health information System (iPHIS) (public health case reports of HCV, HBV, and TB) • Enhanced Strain Surveillance System (EHSSS) (risk factor data on a subset of acute HCV and acute HBV cases) | Data Date Ranges: HIV lab data: 1988–2013 HCV lab data: 1992–2013 HAISYS: 1980–2013 iPHIS: 1990–2013 EHSSS: 2000–2013 |
Cancer and MoH Administrative Data Sources • BC Cancer Registry (BCCR) (primary tumour registry, excludes metastatic cancers) • Discharge Abstracts Dataset (DAD) (hospitalization records) • Medical Services Plan (MSP) (physician diagnostic and billing data) • PharmaCare/PharmaNet (Pharma) (prescription drug dispensations) • BC Vital Statistics (VS) (deaths registry) | Data Date Ranges: BCCR: 1970–2012 DAD: 1985–2013Q1 MSP: 1990–2012 Pharma: 1985–2012 VS: 1985–2013 |
The final BC-HTC comprises all individuals successfully linked on PHN to the MoH Client Roster (a registry of all BC residents enrolled in the publicly-funded universal healthcare system) | |
Eligibility for current analysis • all subjects included in final, linked BC-HTC with at least one valid HCV test (antibody, HCV RNA, or genotype) (1992–2013) or HCV case report (1990–2013) • subjects were censored for analysis date of death or December 31, 2013, whichever came first • excluded all data preceding subject’s recorded date of birth • excluded all data occurring more than 7 days after subject’s recorded date of death • excluded HCV antibody tests in infants less than 18 months in the absence of HCV RNA confirmatory testing |
Definitions
Statistical analysis
Results
Participant Profile, testing and infection prevalence
Characteristics of HCV positive and negative individuals
HCV + ve group | HCV -ve group | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
M24 Seroa | >M24 Serob | Prevalent HCV | All Positives | All Negatives | |
N = 3628 | N = 3436 | N = 48717 | N = 55781 | N = 988381 | |
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
Age at baselinec | |||||
< 15 | 17 (0.5) | 1 (0.0) | 420 (0.9) | 438 (0.8) | 20289 (2.1) |
15-24 | 962 (26.5) | 410 (11.9) | 2410 (5.0) | 3782 (6.8) | 145326 (14.7) |
25-34 | 1477 (40.7) | 1234 (35.9) | 9907 (20.3) | 12618 (22.6) | 259347 (26.2) |
35-44 | 827 (22.8) | 1106 (32.2) | 16534 (33.9) | 18467 (33.1) | 220626 (22.3) |
45-54 | 275 (7.6) | 522 (15.2) | 13068 (26.8) | 13865 (24.9) | 163134 (16.5) |
≥ 55 | 70 (1.9) | 163 (4.7) | 6378 (13.1) | 6611 (11.9) | 179659 (18.2) |
Median [IQR] | 30 [24-37] | 35 [28-43] | 42 [34-49] | 41 [33-48] | 37 [28-50] |
Age at 1st test | |||||
< 15 | 100 (2.8) | 84 (2.4) | 421 (0.9) | 605 (1.1) | 25860 (2.6) |
15-24 | 1485 (40.9) | 1128 (32.8) | 2422 (5.0) | 5035 (9.0) | 189747 (19.2) |
25-34 | 1225 (33.8) | 1278 (37.2) | 9927 (20.4) | 12430 (22.3) | 261056 (26.4) |
35-44 | 605 (16.7) | 712 (20.7) | 16590 (34.1) | 17907 (32.1) | 208398 (21.1) |
45-54 | 169 (4.7) | 195 (5.7) | 13063 (26.8) | 13427 (24.1) | 147688 (14.9) |
≥ 55 | 44 (1.2) | 39 (1.1) | 6294 (12.9) | 6377 (11.4) | 155632 (15.8) |
Median [IQR] | 26 [20-34] | 28 [22-35] | 42 [34-49] | 40 [32-48] | 35 [26-48] |
Birth year | |||||
< 1945 | 31 (0.9) | 35 (1.0) | 3102 (6.4) | 3168 (5.7) | 95848 (9.7) |
1945-1964 | 776 (21.4) | 1037 (30.2) | 32133 (66.0) | 33946 (60.9) | 310845 (31.5) |
1965-1974 | 1176 (32.4) | 1214 (35.3) | 9493 (19.5) | 11883 (21.3) | 209956 (21.2) |
≥ 1975 | 1645 (45.3) | 1150 (33.5) | 3989 (8.2) | 6784 (12.2) | 371732 (37.6) |
Sex | |||||
Female | 1728 (47.6) | 1380 (40.2) | 16741 (34.4) | 19849 (35.6) | 551952 (55.8) |
Male | 1900 (52.4) | 2056 (59.8) | 31970 (65.6) | 35926 (64.4) | 436287 (44.1) |
Unknown | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (0.0) | 6 (0.0) | 142 (0.0) |
Year of diagnosis | |||||
1990-1994 | 85 (2.3) | 4 (0.1) | 3978 (8.2) | 4067 (7.3) | 3913 (0.4) |
1995-1999 | 726 (20.0) | 353 (10.3) | 17936 (36.8) | 19015 (34.1) | 104863 (10.6) |
2000-2004 | 1177 (32.4) | 939 (27.3) | 11733 (24.1) | 13849 (24.8) | 172888 (17.5) |
2005-2009 | 994 (27.4) | 1280 (37.3) | 9130 (18.7) | 11404 (20.4) | 272886 (27.6) |
2010-2013 | 646 (17.8) | 860 (25.0) | 5940 (12.2) | 7446 (13.4) | 433831 (43.9) |
HIV/AIDS at baseline | |||||
Unknown | 3450 (95.1) | 3207 (93.3) | 47568 (97.6) | 54225 (97.2) | 984182 (99.6) |
Yes | 178 (4.9) | 229 (6.7) | 1149 (2.4) | 1556 (2.8) | 4199 (0.4) |
HIV/AIDS (ever) | |||||
Unknown | 3264 (90.0) | 3104 (90.3) | 46257 (95.0) | 52625 (94.3) | 983694 (99.5) |
Yes | 364 (10.0) | 332 (9.7) | 2460 (5.0) | 3156 (5.7) | 4687 (0.5) |
HBV at baseline | |||||
No/Unknown | 3528 (97.2) | 3349 (97.5) | 48197 (98.9) | 55074 (98.7) | 974223 (98.6) |
Yes | 100 (2.8) | 87 (2.5) | 520 (1.1) | 707 (1.3) | 14158 (1.4) |
HBV (ever) | |||||
No/Unknown | 3453 (95.2) | 3326 (96.8) | 46927 (96.3) | 53706 (96.3) | 968459 (98.0) |
Yes | 175 (4.8) | 110 (3.2) | 1790 (3.7) | 2075 (3.7) | 19922 (2.0) |
Active TB at baseline | |||||
No/Unknown | 3621 (99.8) | 3428 (99.8) | 48634 (99.8) | 55683 (99.8) | 986909 (99.9) |
Yes | 7 (0.2) | 8 (0.2) | 83 (0.2) | 98 (0.2) | 1472 (0.1) |
Active TB (ever) | |||||
No/Unknown | 3611 (99.5) | 3415 (99.4) | 48466 (99.5) | 55492 (99.5) | 986473 (99.8) |
Yes | 17 (0.5) | 21 (0.6) | 251 (0.5) | 289 (0.5) | 1908 (0.2) |
Material deprivation quintile at baseline | |||||
Unknown | 96 (2.7) | 79 (2.3) | 2316 (4.8) | 2491 (4.5) | 14773 (1.5) |
Q1 (most privileged) | 452 (12.5) | 444 (12.9) | 6247 (12.8) | 7143 (12.8) | 214007 (21.7) |
Q2 | 526 (14.5) | 463 (13.5) | 7500 (15.4) | 8489 (15.2) | 187587 (19) |
Q3 | 531 (14.6) | 585 (17.0) | 8522 (17.5) | 9638 (17.3) | 192265 (19.5) |
Q4 | 876 (24.2) | 774 (22.5) | 10580 (21.7) | 12230 (21.9) | 197116 (19.9) |
Q5 (most deprived) | 1147 (31.6) | 1091 (31.8) | 13552 (27.8) | 15790 (28.3) | 182633 (18.5) |
Social deprivation quintile at baseline | |||||
Unknown | 96 (2.7) | 79 (2.3) | 2316 (4.8) | 2491 (4.5) | 14773 (1.5) |
Q1 (most privileged) | 271 (7.5) | 283 (8.2) | 5302 (10.9) | 5856 (10.5) | 180214 (18.2) |
Q2 | 349 (9.6) | 337 (9.8) | 6194 (12.7) | 6880 (12.3) | 175098 (17.7) |
Q3 | 540 (14.9) | 463 (13.5) | 8094 (16.6) | 9097 (16.3) | 175715 (17.8) |
Q4 | 703 (19.4) | 720 (21.0) | 9972 (20.5) | 11395 (20.4) | 201551 (20.4) |
Q5 (most deprived) | 1669 (46.0) | 1554 (45.2) | 16839 (34.6) | 20062 (36) | 241030 (24.4) |
Mental health at baselined | |||||
No/Unknown | 2199 (64.5) | 2096 (65.0) | 40934 (86.7) | 45229 (84.0) | 729398 (88.0) |
Yes | 1209 (35.5) | 1130 (35.0) | 6297 (13.3) | 8636 (16.0) | 99054 (12.0) |
Mental health 3yrs pre-baselined | |||||
No/Unknown | 2590 (76.0) | 2653 (82.2) | 43518 (92.1) | 48761 (90.5) | 781042 (94.3) |
Yes | 818 (24.0) | 573 (17.8) | 3713 (7.9) | 5104 (9.5) | 47410 (5.7) |
Illicit drug use at baselined | |||||
No/Unknown | 910 (26.7) | 942 (29.2) | 33036 (69.9) | 34888 (64.8) | 770499 (93.0) |
Yes | 2498 (73.3) | 2284 (70.8) | 14195 (30.1) | 18977 (35.2) | 57953 (7.0) |
Illicit drug use 3yrs pre-baselined | |||||
No/Unknown | 1084 (31.8) | 1433 (44.4) | 36193 (76.6) | 38710 (71.9) | 795325 (96.0) |
Yes | 2324 (68.2) | 1793 (55.6) | 11038 (23.4) | 15155 (28.1) | 33127 (4.0) |
Problematic alcohol use at baselined | |||||
No/Unknown | 2083 (61.1) | 1896 (58.8) | 38178 (80.8) | 42157 (78.3) | 777271 (93.8) |
Yes | 1325 (38.9) | 1330 (41.2) | 9053 (19.2) | 11708 (21.7) | 51181 (6.2) |
Problematic alcohol use 3yrs pre-baselined | |||||
No/Unknown | 2521 (74.0) | 2555 (79.2) | 41709 (88.3) | 46785 (86.9) | 802492 (96.9) |
Yes | 887 (26.0) | 671 (20.8) | 5522 (11.7) | 7080 (13.1) | 25960 (3.1) |
Seroconversion and characteristics of new and prevalent HCV cases
HCV infection by birth cohort
HCV Positive | HCV Negative | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<1945 | 1945-1964 | 1965-1974 | ≥1975 | <1945 | 1945-1964 | 1965-1974 | ≥1975 | |
N = 3168 | N = 33946 | N = 11883 | N = 6784 | N = 95848 | N = 310845 | N = 209956 | N = 371732 | |
N (%) | N (%) | N(%) | N (%) | N (%) | N(%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
Age at baselinea | ||||||||
< 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 438 (6.5) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20289 (5.5) |
15-24 | 0 | 0 | 857 (7.2) | 2925 (43.1) | 0 | 0 | 3591 (1.7) | 141735 (38.1) |
25-34 | 0 | 2764 (8.1) | 6688 (56.3) | 3166 (46.7) | 0 | 6369 (2.1) | 66420 (31.6) | 186558 (50.2) |
35-44 | 0 | 14198 (41.8) | 4014 (33.8) | 255 (3.8) | 0 | 73286 (23.6) | 124190 (59.2) | 23150 (6.2) |
45-54 | 425 (13.4) | 13116 (38.6) | 324 (2.7) | 0 | 3166 (3.3) | 144213 (46.4) | 15755 (7.5) | 0 |
≥ 55 | 2743 (86.6) | 3868 (11.4) | 0 | 0 | 92682 (96.7) | 86977 (28.0) | 0 | 0 |
Median [IQR] | 63 [58-70] | 45 [39-50] | 32 [28-37] | 25 [21–29] | 69 [63-75] | 50 [44-55] | 37 [33-41] | 26 [21–30] |
Age at 1st test | ||||||||
< 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 605 (8.9) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25860 (7) |
15-24 | 0 | 0 | 1205 (10.1) | 3830 (56.5) | 0 | 0 | 7867 (3.8) | 181880 (48.9) |
25-34 | 0 | 3074 (9.1) | 7174 (60.4) | 2182 (32.2) | 0 | 12382 (4.0) | 96703 (46.1) | 151971 (40.9) |
35-44 | 0 | 14485 (42.7) | 3255 (27.4) | 167 (2.5) | 0 | 99462 (32.0) | 96915 (46.2) | 12021 (3.2) |
45-54 | 436 (13.8) | 12742 (37.5) | 249 (2.1) | 0 | 5217 (5.4) | 134000 (43.1) | 8471 (4.0) | 0 |
≥ 55 | 2732 (86.2) | 3645 (10.7) | 0 | 0 | 90631 (94.6) | 65001 (20.9) | 0 | 0 |
Median [IQR] | 63 [58-69] | 44 [39-50] | 31 [27-36] | 22 [18–27] | 67 [61-73] | 48 [42-53] | 35 [30-39] | 24 [20–28] |
Sex | ||||||||
Female | 1354 (42.7) | 10946 (32.3) | 4288 (36.1) | 3261 (48.1) | 51063 (53.3) | 164778 (53.0) | 116339 (55.4) | 219772 (59.1) |
Male | 1809 (57.1) | 23000 (67.8) | 7594 (63.9) | 3523 (51.9) | 44657 (46.6) | 146061 (47.0) | 93615 (44.6) | 151954 (40.9) |
Unknown | 5 (0.2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128 (0.1) | 6 (0.0) | 2 (0.0) | 6 (0.0) |
Year of diagnosis | ||||||||
1990-1994 | 340 (10.7) | 2938 (8.7) | 690 (5.8) | 99 (1.5) | 822 (0.9) | 1858 (0.6) | 889 (0.4) | 344 (0.1) |
1995-1999 | 1186 (37.4) | 12980 (38.2) | 3992 (33.6) | 857 (12.6) | 21815 (22.8) | 48746 (15.7) | 21003 (10.0) | 13299 (3.6) |
2000-2004 | 703 (22.2) | 8333 (24.6) | 3163 (26.6) | 1650 (24.3) | 19159 (20.0) | 68035 (21.9) | 43673 (20.8) | 42021 (11.3) |
2005-2009 | 555 (17.5) | 6004 (17.7) | 2588 (21.8) | 2257 (33.3) | 22709 (23.7) | 81513 (26.2) | 63756 (30.4) | 104908 (28.2) |
2010-2013 | 384 (12.1) | 3691 (10.9) | 1450 (12.2) | 1921 (28.3) | 31343 (32.7) | 110693 (35.6) | 80635 (38.4) | 211160 (56.8) |
HIV/AIDS at baseline | ||||||||
No/Unknown | 3149 (99.4) | 33150 (97.7) | 11364 (95.6) | 6562 (96.7) | 95664 (99.8) | 308950 (99.4) | 208736 (99.4) | 370832 (99.8) |
Yes | 19 (0.6) | 796 (2.3) | 519 (4.4) | 222 (3.3) | 184 (0.2) | 1895 (0.6) | 1220 (0.6) | 900 (0.2) |
HIV/AIDS co-infection (ever) | ||||||||
No/Unknown | 3135 (99.0) | 32345 (95.3) | 10810 (91.0) | 6335 (93.4) | 95640 (99.8) | 308728 (99.3) | 208587 (99.4) | 370739 (99.7) |
Yes | 33 (1.0) | 1601 (4.7) | 1073 (9.0) | 449 (6.6) | 208 (0.2) | 2117 (0.7) | 1369 (0.7) | 993 (0.3) |
HBV at baseline | ||||||||
No/Unknown | 3130 (98.8) | 33529 (98.8) | 11686 (98.3) | 6729 (99.2) | 94660 (98.8) | 304567 (98.0) | 206304 (98.3) | 368692 (99.2) |
Yes | 38 (1.2) | 417 (1.2) | 197 (1.7) | 55 (0.8) | 1188 (1.2) | 6278 (2.0) | 3652 (1.7) | 3040 (0.8) |
HBV co-infection (ever) | ||||||||
No/Unknown | 3075 (97.1) | 32643 (96.2) | 11330 (95.4) | 6658 (98.1) | 94059 (98.1) | 302130 (97.2) | 204856 (97.6) | 367414 (98.8) |
Yes | 93 (2.9) | 1303 (3.8) | 553 (4.7) | 126 (1.9) | 1789 (1.9) | 8715 (2.8) | 5100 (2.4) | 4318 (1.2) |
Active TB at baseline | ||||||||
No/Unknown | 3157 (99.7) | 33890 (99.8) | 11863 (99.8) | 6773 (99.8) | 95584 (99.7) | 310307 (99.8) | 209650 (99.9) | 371368 (99.9) |
Yes | 11 (0.4) | 56 (0.2) | 20 (0.2) | 11 (0.2) | 264 (0.3) | 538 (0.2) | 306 (0.2) | 364 (0.1) |
Active TB co-infection (ever) | ||||||||
No/Unknown | 3149 (99.4) | 33783 (99.5) | 11808 (99.4) | 6752 (99.5) | 95494 (99.6) | 310145 (99.8) | 209558 (99.8) | 371276 (99.9) |
Yes | 19 (0.6) | 163 (0.5) | 75 (0.6) | 32 (0.5) | 354 (0.4) | 700 (0.2) | 398 (0.2) | 456 (0.1) |
Material deprivation quintile at baseline | ||||||||
Unknown | 106 (3.4) | 1298 (3.8) | 618 (5.2) | 469 (6.9) | 1199 (1.3) | 3720 (1.2) | 2671 (1.3) | 7183 (1.9) |
Q1 (most privileged) | 507 (16.0) | 4444 (13.1) | 1362 (11.5) | 830 (12.2) | 18845 (19.7) | 65327 (21.0) | 48322 (23.0) | 81513 (21.9) |
Q2 | 513 (16.2) | 5404 (15.9) | 1636 (13.8) | 936 (13.8) | 18165 (19.0) | 60803 (19.6) | 39355 (18.7) | 69264 (18.6) |
Q3 | 533 (16.8) | 6114 (18) | 1926 (16.2) | 1065 (15.7) | 19060 (19.9) | 61814 (19.9) | 40022 (19.1) | 71369 (19.2) |
Q4 | 660 (20.8) | 7365 (21.7) | 2691 (22.7) | 1514 (22.3) | 20032 (20.9) | 61824 (19.9) | 40792 (19.4) | 74468 (20.0) |
Q5 (most deprived) | 849 (26.8) | 9321 (27.5) | 3650 (30.7) | 1970 (29.0) | 18547 (19.4) | 57357 (18.5) | 38794 (18.5) | 67935 (18.3) |
Social deprivation quintile at baseline | ||||||||
Unknown | 106 (3.4) | 1298 (3.8) | 618 (5.2) | 469 (6.9) | 1199 (1.3) | 3720 (1.2) | 2671 (1.3) | 7183 (1.9) |
Q1 (most privileged) | 557 (17.6) | 3477 (10.2) | 1081 (9.1) | 741 (10.9) | 17348 (18.1) | 57695 (18.6) | 36550 (17.4) | 68621 (18.5) |
Q2 | 513 (16.2) | 4335 (12.8) | 1238 (10.4) | 794 (11.7) | 17802 (18.6) | 56839 (18.3) | 36109 (17.2) | 64348 (17.3) |
Q3 | 516 (16.3) | 5802 (17.1) | 1790 (15.1) | 989 (14.6) | 17342 (18.1) | 56864 (18.3) | 36204 (17.2) | 65305 (17.6) |
Q4 | 606 (19.1) | 7152 (21.1) | 2380 (20.0) | 1257 (18.5) | 19201 (20.0) | 62437 (20.1) | 42960 (20.5) | 76953 (20.7) |
Q5 (most deprived) | 870 (27.5) | 11882 (35.0) | 4776 (40.2) | 2534 (37.4) | 22956 (24.0) | 73290 (23.6) | 55462 (26.4) | 89322 (24.0) |
Mental illness at baselineb | ||||||||
No/Unknown | 2768 (89.8) | 28051 (85.0) | 9468 (81.9) | 4942 (79.5) | 75892 (90.3) | 230429 (85.6) | 160387 (87.7) | 262690 (89.8) |
Yes | 316 (10.2) | 4956 (15.0) | 2087 (18.1) | 1277 (20.5) | 8130 (9.7) | 38636 (14.4) | 22397 (12.3) | 29891 (10.2) |
Mental illness 3yr pre- baselineb | ||||||||
No/Unknown | 2908 (94.3) | 30114 (91.2) | 10261 (88.8) | 5478 (88.1) | 80387 (95.7) | 251001 (93.3) | 172141 (94.2) | 277513 (94.8) |
Yes | 176 (5.7) | 2893 (8.8) | 1294 (11.2) | 741 (11.9) | 3635 (4.3) | 18064 (6.7) | 10643 (5.8) | 15068 (5.2) |
Illicit drug use at baselineb | ||||||||
No/Unknown | 2763 (89.6) | 22649 (68.6) | 6220 (53.8) | 3256 (52.4) | 81535 (97.0) | 249677 (92.8) | 167729 (91.8) | 271558 (92.8) |
Yes | 321 (10.4) | 10358 (31.4) | 5335 (46.2) | 2963 (47.6) | 2487 (3.0) | 19388 (7.2) | 15055 (8.2) | 21023 (7.2) |
Illicit drug use 3yr pre- baselineb | ||||||||
No/Unknown | 2870 (93.1) | 25193 (76.3) | 7090 (61.4) | 3557 (57.2) | 83133 (98.9) | 259681 (96.5) | 174045 (95.2) | 278466 (95.2) |
Yes | 214 (6.9) | 7814 (23.7) | 4465 (38.6) | 2662 (42.8) | 889 (1.1) | 9384 (3.5) | 8739 (4.8) | 14115 (4.8) |
Problematic alcohol use at baselineb | ||||||||
No/Unknown | 2724 (88.3) | 25720 (77.9) | 8780 (76.0) | 4933 (79.3) | 79838 (95.0) | 248826 (92.5) | 171200 (93.7) | 277407 (94.8) |
Yes | 360 (11.7) | 7287 (22.1) | 2775 (24.0) | 1286 (20.7) | 4184 (5.0) | 20239 (7.5) | 11584 (6.3) | 15174 (5.2) |
Problematic alcohol use 3yr pre-baselineb | ||||||||
No/Unknown | 2870 (93.1) | 28620 (86.7) | 9874 (85.5) | 5421 (87.2) | 81897 (97.5) | 258911 (96.2) | 177020 (96.8) | 284664 (97.3) |
Yes | 214 (6.9) | 4387 (13.3) | 1681 (14.5) | 798 (12.8) | 2125 (2.5) | 10154 (3.8) | 5764 (3.2) | 7917 (2.7) |
Factors associated with new and prevalent HCV infection
Variables | Seroconverters | Prevalent HCV |
---|---|---|
ORs (95 % CI) | ORs (95 % CI) | |
Sex | ||
Female | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Male | 1.25 (1.19-1.31) | 2.06 (2.02-2.10) |
Birth year | ||
< 1945 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
1945-1954 | 3.38 (2.78-4.11) | 3.79 (3.67-3.92) |
1955-1964 | 6.22 (5.19-7.44) | 3.23 (3.13-3.34) |
1965-1974 | 9.86 (8.26-11.78) | 1.64 (1.58-1.70) |
1975-1984 | 11.76 (9.83-14.07) | 0.70 (0.67-0.73) |
≥ 1985 | 6.53 (5.34-7.99) | 0.48 (0.44-0.51) |
HIV infection at baselinec | ||
No/Unknown | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 7.92 (7.05-8.89) | 4.80 (4.47-5.15) |
HBV at baselinec | ||
No/Unknown | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 2.33 (2.00-2.71) | 0.69 (0.63-0.75) |
Active TB at baselinec | ||
No/Unknown | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 1.00 (0.62-1.62) | 1.01 (0.81-1.25) |
Material deprivation quintile at baselinec | ||
Unknown | 3.51 (2.96-4.17) | 5.38 (5.07-5.70) |
Q1 (most privileged) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Q2 | 1.20 (1.06-1.31) | 1.22 (1.18-1.27) |
Q3 | 1.24 (1.13-1.36) | 1.36 (1.32-1.41) |
Q4 | 1.62 (1.48-1.76) | 1.60 (1.55-1.65) |
Q5 (most deprived) | 1.99 (1.83-2.15) | 1.98 (1.92-2.04) |
Mental illness at baselinec | ||
No/Unknown | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 1.18 (1.12-1.25) | 0.69 (0.67-0.72) |
Illicit drugs use at baseline | ||
No/Unknown | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 21.00 (19.80-22.38) | 5.03 (4.91-5.16) |
Problematic alcohol use at baseline | ||
No/Unknown | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 2.11 (2.00-2.23) | 1.67 (1.63-1.72) |