Skip to main content
Erschienen in: best practice onkologie 4/2018

07.06.2018 | Akute myeloische Leukämie | Topic

FLT3-Inhibitoren in der Therapie der akuten myeloischen Leukämie

verfasst von: Stephan Metzelder, Dr. med. Christoph Röllig

Erschienen in: best practice onkologie | Ausgabe 4/2018

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Die Aktivierung des FLT3-Tyrosinkinaserezeptors spielt eine entscheidende Rolle in der Pathogenese der akuten myeloischen Leukämie (AML). Seit über einem Jahrzehnt sind Medikamente in Erprobung, die diesen Rezeptor samt den nachgeschalteten onkogenen Signalwegen hemmen und somit die generell schlechte Prognose der AML verbessern sollen. Mit Midostaurin ist seit Kurzem ein Inhibitor für die Erstlinientherapie der AML mit FLT3-Mutation in Kombination mit Standardchemotherapie zugelassen. Für weitere Inhibitoren wird mit einer Zulassung für die therapierefraktäre bzw. rezidivierte AML in Kürze gerechnet. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die aktuellen Daten und Hintergründe zur Tyrosinkinaseinhibitortherapie bei der FLT3-mutierten AML diskutiert und zukünftige Entwicklungen präsentiert. Entscheidend für die weitere Bewertung der einzelnen Inhibitoren zur Behandlung der AML mit FLT3-Mutation ist die konsequente Erfassung und Untersuchung von Patienten im Rahmen von randomisierten Studien bzw. Registerstudien.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Battipaglia G, Ruggeri A, Massoud R, El Cheikh J, Jestin M, Antar A, Ahmed SO, Rasheed W, Shaheen M, Belhocine R, Brissot E, Dulery R, Eder S, Giannotti F, Isnard F, Lapusan S, Rubio M‑T, Vekhoff A, Aljurf M, Legrand O, Mohty M, Bazarbachi A (2017) Efficacy and feasibility of sorafenib as a maintenance agent after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3‑mutated acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer 123(15):2867–2874. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.30680 CrossRefPubMed Battipaglia G, Ruggeri A, Massoud R, El Cheikh J, Jestin M, Antar A, Ahmed SO, Rasheed W, Shaheen M, Belhocine R, Brissot E, Dulery R, Eder S, Giannotti F, Isnard F, Lapusan S, Rubio M‑T, Vekhoff A, Aljurf M, Legrand O, Mohty M, Bazarbachi A (2017) Efficacy and feasibility of sorafenib as a maintenance agent after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3‑mutated acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer 123(15):2867–2874. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1002/​cncr.​30680 CrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Brunner AM, Li S, Fathi AT, Wadleigh M, Ho VT, Collier K, Connolly C, Ballen KK, Cutler CS, Dey BR, El-Jawahri A, Nikiforow S, McAfee SL, Koreth J, DeAngelo DJ, Alyea EP, Antin JH, Spitzer TR, Stone RM, Soiffer RJ, Chen Y‑B (2016) Haematopoietic cell transplantation with and without sorafenib maintenance for patients with FLT3-ITD acute myeloid leukaemia in first complete remission. Br J Haematol 175(3):496–504. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.14260 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Brunner AM, Li S, Fathi AT, Wadleigh M, Ho VT, Collier K, Connolly C, Ballen KK, Cutler CS, Dey BR, El-Jawahri A, Nikiforow S, McAfee SL, Koreth J, DeAngelo DJ, Alyea EP, Antin JH, Spitzer TR, Stone RM, Soiffer RJ, Chen Y‑B (2016) Haematopoietic cell transplantation with and without sorafenib maintenance for patients with FLT3-ITD acute myeloid leukaemia in first complete remission. Br J Haematol 175(3):496–504. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1111/​bjh.​14260 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen Y‑B, Li S, Lane AA, Connolly C, Del Rio C, Valles B, Curtis M, Ballen K, Cutler C, Dey BR, El-Jawahri A, Fathi AT, Ho VT, Joyce A, McAfee S, Rudek M, Rajkhowa T, Verselis S, Antin JH, Spitzer TR, Levis M, Soiffer R (2014) Phase I trial of maintenance sorafenib after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication acute myeloid leukemia. Biol Blood Marrow Transpl 20(12):2042–2048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.09.007 CrossRef Chen Y‑B, Li S, Lane AA, Connolly C, Del Rio C, Valles B, Curtis M, Ballen K, Cutler C, Dey BR, El-Jawahri A, Fathi AT, Ho VT, Joyce A, McAfee S, Rudek M, Rajkhowa T, Verselis S, Antin JH, Spitzer TR, Levis M, Soiffer R (2014) Phase I trial of maintenance sorafenib after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication acute myeloid leukemia. Biol Blood Marrow Transpl 20(12):2042–2048. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​bbmt.​2014.​09.​007 CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Cortes JE, Kantarjian H, Foran JM, Ghirdaladze D, Zodelava M, Borthakur G, Gammon G, Trone D, Armstrong RC, James J, Levis M (2013) Phase I study of quizartinib administered daily to patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia irrespective of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3‑internal tandem duplication status. J Clin Oncol 31:3681–3687. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2013.48.8783 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Cortes JE, Kantarjian H, Foran JM, Ghirdaladze D, Zodelava M, Borthakur G, Gammon G, Trone D, Armstrong RC, James J, Levis M (2013) Phase I study of quizartinib administered daily to patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia irrespective of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3‑internal tandem duplication status. J Clin Oncol 31:3681–3687. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1200/​JCO.​2013.​48.​8783 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Döhner K, Thiede C, Larson RA, Prior TW, Marcucci G, Jones D et al (2017) Prognostic Impact of NPM1/FLT3-ITD genotypes from Randomized Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treated within the International Ratify Study. Blood 130:abstr 467 Döhner K, Thiede C, Larson RA, Prior TW, Marcucci G, Jones D et al (2017) Prognostic Impact of NPM1/FLT3-ITD genotypes from Randomized Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Treated within the International Ratify Study. Blood 130:abstr 467
9.
Zurück zum Zitat de Freitas T, Marktel S, Piemontese S, Carrabba MG, Tresoldi C, Messina C, Lupo Stanghellini MT, Assanelli A, Corti C, Bernardi M, Peccatori J, Vago L, Ciceri F (2016) High rate of hematological responses to sorafenib in FLT3-ITD acute myeloid leukemia relapsed after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Eur J Haematol 96(6):629–636. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejh.12647 CrossRefPubMed de Freitas T, Marktel S, Piemontese S, Carrabba MG, Tresoldi C, Messina C, Lupo Stanghellini MT, Assanelli A, Corti C, Bernardi M, Peccatori J, Vago L, Ciceri F (2016) High rate of hematological responses to sorafenib in FLT3-ITD acute myeloid leukemia relapsed after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Eur J Haematol 96(6):629–636. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1111/​ejh.​12647 CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Fröhling S, Schlenk RF, Breitruck J, Benner A, Kreitmeier S, Tobis K, Döhner H, Döhner K (2002) Prognostic significance of activating FLT3 mutations in younger adults (16 to 60 years) with acute myeloid leukemia and normal cytogenetics. A study of the AML Study Group Ulm. Blood 100(13):4372–4380. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-05-1440 CrossRefPubMed Fröhling S, Schlenk RF, Breitruck J, Benner A, Kreitmeier S, Tobis K, Döhner H, Döhner K (2002) Prognostic significance of activating FLT3 mutations in younger adults (16 to 60 years) with acute myeloid leukemia and normal cytogenetics. A study of the AML Study Group Ulm. Blood 100(13):4372–4380. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1182/​blood-2002-05-1440 CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Miller D, Bishop K, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z, Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (2017) SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2014. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda (https://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2014/, based on November 2016 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2017.) Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Miller D, Bishop K, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z, Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (2017) SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2014. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda (https://​seer.​cancer.​gov/​csr/​1975_​2014/​, based on November 2016 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2017.)
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Ivey A, Hills RK, Simpson MA, Jovanovic JV, Gilkes A, Grech A, Patel Y, Bhudia N, Farah H, Mason J, Wall K, Akiki S, Griffiths M, Solomon E, McCaughan F, Linch DC, Gale RE, Vyas P, Freeman SD, Russell N, Burnett AK, Grimwade D (2016) Assessment of minimal residual disease in standard-risk AML. N Engl J Med 374(5):422–433. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1507471 CrossRefPubMed Ivey A, Hills RK, Simpson MA, Jovanovic JV, Gilkes A, Grech A, Patel Y, Bhudia N, Farah H, Mason J, Wall K, Akiki S, Griffiths M, Solomon E, McCaughan F, Linch DC, Gale RE, Vyas P, Freeman SD, Russell N, Burnett AK, Grimwade D (2016) Assessment of minimal residual disease in standard-risk AML. N Engl J Med 374(5):422–433. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1056/​NEJMoa1507471 CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Kottaridis PD, Gale RE, Langabeer SE, Frew ME, Bowen DT, Linch DC (2002) Studies of FLT3 mutations in paired presentation and relapse samples from patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Implications for the role of FLT3 mutations in leukemogenesis, minimal residual disease detection, and possible therapy with FLT3 inhibitors. Blood 100(7):2393–2398. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-02-0420 CrossRefPubMed Kottaridis PD, Gale RE, Langabeer SE, Frew ME, Bowen DT, Linch DC (2002) Studies of FLT3 mutations in paired presentation and relapse samples from patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Implications for the role of FLT3 mutations in leukemogenesis, minimal residual disease detection, and possible therapy with FLT3 inhibitors. Blood 100(7):2393–2398. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1182/​blood-2002-02-0420 CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Larson RA, Mandrekar SJ, Sanford BL, Laumann K, Geyer SM, Bloomfield CD, Thiede C, Prior TW, Dohner K, Marcucci G, Lo CF, Klisovic RB, Wei A, Sierra J, Sanz MA, Brandwein JM, de Witte TM, Niederwieser D, Appelbaum FR, Medeiros BC, Tallman MS, Krauter J, Schlenk RF, Ganser A, Serve H, Ehninger G, Amadori S, Döhner H, Stone RM (2017) An analysis of maintenance therapy and post-midostaurin outcomes in the international prospective randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial (CALGB 10603/RATIFY [alliance]) for newly diagnosed acute Myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with FLT3 mutations. Blood 130:abstr 145 Larson RA, Mandrekar SJ, Sanford BL, Laumann K, Geyer SM, Bloomfield CD, Thiede C, Prior TW, Dohner K, Marcucci G, Lo CF, Klisovic RB, Wei A, Sierra J, Sanz MA, Brandwein JM, de Witte TM, Niederwieser D, Appelbaum FR, Medeiros BC, Tallman MS, Krauter J, Schlenk RF, Ganser A, Serve H, Ehninger G, Amadori S, Döhner H, Stone RM (2017) An analysis of maintenance therapy and post-midostaurin outcomes in the international prospective randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial (CALGB 10603/RATIFY [alliance]) for newly diagnosed acute Myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with FLT3 mutations. Blood 130:abstr 145
20.
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Metzelder SK, Schroeder T, Finck A, Scholl S, Fey M, Gotze K, Linn YC, Kroger M, Reiter A, Salih HR, Heinicke T, Stuhlmann R, Muller L, Giagounidis A, Meyer RG, Brugger W, Vohringer M, Dreger P, Mori M, Basara N, Schafer-Eckart K, Schultheis B, Baldus C, Neubauer A, Burchert A (2012) High activity of sorafenib in FLT3-ITD-positive acute myeloid leukemia synergizes with allo-immune effects to induce sustained responses. Leukemia 26:2353–2359. https://doi.org/10.1038/leu.2012.105 CrossRefPubMed Metzelder SK, Schroeder T, Finck A, Scholl S, Fey M, Gotze K, Linn YC, Kroger M, Reiter A, Salih HR, Heinicke T, Stuhlmann R, Muller L, Giagounidis A, Meyer RG, Brugger W, Vohringer M, Dreger P, Mori M, Basara N, Schafer-Eckart K, Schultheis B, Baldus C, Neubauer A, Burchert A (2012) High activity of sorafenib in FLT3-ITD-positive acute myeloid leukemia synergizes with allo-immune effects to induce sustained responses. Leukemia 26:2353–2359. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1038/​leu.​2012.​105 CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Metzelder SK, Schroeder T, Lübbert M, Ditschkowski M, Götze K, Scholl S, Meyer RG, Dreger P, Basara N, Fey MF, Salih HR, Finck A, Pabst T, Giagounidis A, Kobbe G, Wollmer E, Finke J, Neubauer A, Burchert A (2017) Long-term survival of sorafenib-treated FLT3-ITD-positive acute myeloid leukaemia patients relapsing after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Eur J Cancer 86:233–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca .2017.09.016CrossRefPubMed Metzelder SK, Schroeder T, Lübbert M, Ditschkowski M, Götze K, Scholl S, Meyer RG, Dreger P, Basara N, Fey MF, Salih HR, Finck A, Pabst T, Giagounidis A, Kobbe G, Wollmer E, Finke J, Neubauer A, Burchert A (2017) Long-term survival of sorafenib-treated FLT3-ITD-positive acute myeloid leukaemia patients relapsing after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Eur J Cancer 86:233–239. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​ejca .2017.09.016CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Perl AE, Altman JK, Cortes J, Smith C, Litzow M, Baer MR, Claxton D, Erba HP, Gill S, Goldberg S, Jurcic JG, Larson RA, Liu C, Ritchie E, Schiller G, Spira AI, Strickland SA, Tibes R, Ustun C, Wang ES, Stuart R, Röllig C, Neubauer A, Martinelli G, Bahceci E, Levis M (2017) Selective inhibition of FLT3 by gilteritinib in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia. A multicentre, first-in-human, open-label, phase 1‑2 study. Lancet Oncol 18(8):1061–1075. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30416-3 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Perl AE, Altman JK, Cortes J, Smith C, Litzow M, Baer MR, Claxton D, Erba HP, Gill S, Goldberg S, Jurcic JG, Larson RA, Liu C, Ritchie E, Schiller G, Spira AI, Strickland SA, Tibes R, Ustun C, Wang ES, Stuart R, Röllig C, Neubauer A, Martinelli G, Bahceci E, Levis M (2017) Selective inhibition of FLT3 by gilteritinib in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia. A multicentre, first-in-human, open-label, phase 1‑2 study. Lancet Oncol 18(8):1061–1075. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​S1470-2045(17)30416-3 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Pratz K, Cherry M, Altman JK, Cooper BW et al (2017) Preliminary results from a phase 1 study of gilteritinib in combination with induction and consolidation chemotherapy in subjects with newly diagnosed acute Myeloid leukemia (AML). Blood 130:abstr 722CrossRef Pratz K, Cherry M, Altman JK, Cooper BW et al (2017) Preliminary results from a phase 1 study of gilteritinib in combination with induction and consolidation chemotherapy in subjects with newly diagnosed acute Myeloid leukemia (AML). Blood 130:abstr 722CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Röllig C, Brandts C, Shaid S, Hentrich M, Krämer A, Junghanß C, Schleyer E, Müller-Tidow C, Berdel WE, Ritter B, Pflüger K‑H, Kramer M, Haibach M, Ehninger G, Serve H, Krause SW (2012) Survey and analysis of the efficacy and prescription pattern of sorafenib in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 53(6):1062–1067. https://doi.org/10.3109/10428194.2011.637210 CrossRefPubMed Röllig C, Brandts C, Shaid S, Hentrich M, Krämer A, Junghanß C, Schleyer E, Müller-Tidow C, Berdel WE, Ritter B, Pflüger K‑H, Kramer M, Haibach M, Ehninger G, Serve H, Krause SW (2012) Survey and analysis of the efficacy and prescription pattern of sorafenib in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 53(6):1062–1067. https://​doi.​org/​10.​3109/​10428194.​2011.​637210 CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Sandmaier BM, Khaled S, Oran B, Gammon G, Trone D, Frankfurt O (2018) Results of a phase 1 study of quizartinib as maintenance therapy in subjects with acute myeloid leukemia in remission following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Am J Hematol 93(2):222–231. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajh.24959 CrossRefPubMed Sandmaier BM, Khaled S, Oran B, Gammon G, Trone D, Frankfurt O (2018) Results of a phase 1 study of quizartinib as maintenance therapy in subjects with acute myeloid leukemia in remission following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Am J Hematol 93(2):222–231. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1002/​ajh.​24959 CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Schlenk R, Döhner K, Salih H, Kündgen A, Fiedler W et al (2015) Midostaurin in combination with intensive induction and as single agent maintenance therapy after consolidation therapy with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or high-dose Cytarabine. Blood 126:abstr 322 Schlenk R, Döhner K, Salih H, Kündgen A, Fiedler W et al (2015) Midostaurin in combination with intensive induction and as single agent maintenance therapy after consolidation therapy with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or high-dose Cytarabine. Blood 126:abstr 322
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Schroeder T, Zohren F, Saure C, Bruns I, Czibere A, Safaian NN, Fenk R, Haas R, Kobbe G (2010) Sorafenib treatment in 13 patients with acute myeloid leukemia and activating FLT3 mutations in combination with chemotherapy or as monotherapy. Acta Haematol 124(3):153–159. https://doi.org/10.1159/000320173 CrossRefPubMed Schroeder T, Zohren F, Saure C, Bruns I, Czibere A, Safaian NN, Fenk R, Haas R, Kobbe G (2010) Sorafenib treatment in 13 patients with acute myeloid leukemia and activating FLT3 mutations in combination with chemotherapy or as monotherapy. Acta Haematol 124(3):153–159. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1159/​000320173 CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Serve H, Krug U, Wagner R, Sauerland MC, Heinecke A, Brunnberg U, Schaich M, Ottmann O, Duyster J, Wandt H, Fischer T, Giagounidis A, Neubauer A, Reichle A, Aulitzky W, Noppeney R, Blau I, Kunzmann V, Stuhlmann R, Krämer A, Kreuzer K‑A, Brandts C, Steffen B, Thiede C, Müller-Tidow C, Ehninger G, Berdel WE (2013) Sorafenib in combination with intensive chemotherapy in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Results from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 31(25):3110–3118. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2012.46.4990 CrossRefPubMed Serve H, Krug U, Wagner R, Sauerland MC, Heinecke A, Brunnberg U, Schaich M, Ottmann O, Duyster J, Wandt H, Fischer T, Giagounidis A, Neubauer A, Reichle A, Aulitzky W, Noppeney R, Blau I, Kunzmann V, Stuhlmann R, Krämer A, Kreuzer K‑A, Brandts C, Steffen B, Thiede C, Müller-Tidow C, Ehninger G, Berdel WE (2013) Sorafenib in combination with intensive chemotherapy in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Results from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 31(25):3110–3118. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1200/​JCO.​2012.​46.​4990 CrossRefPubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Shih L‑Y, Huang C‑F, Wu J‑H, Lin T‑L, Dunn P, Wang P‑N, Kuo M‑C, Lai C‑L, Hsu H‑C (2002) Internal tandem duplication of FLT3 in relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. A comparative analysis of bone marrow samples from 108 adult patients at diagnosis and relapse. Blood 100(7):2387–2392. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-01-0195 CrossRefPubMed Shih L‑Y, Huang C‑F, Wu J‑H, Lin T‑L, Dunn P, Wang P‑N, Kuo M‑C, Lai C‑L, Hsu H‑C (2002) Internal tandem duplication of FLT3 in relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. A comparative analysis of bone marrow samples from 108 adult patients at diagnosis and relapse. Blood 100(7):2387–2392. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1182/​blood-2002-01-0195 CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Stone RM, Mandrekar SJ, Sanford BL, Laumann K, Geyer S, Bloomfield CD, Thiede C, Prior TW, Döhner K, Marcucci G, Lo-Coco F, Klisovic RB, Wei A, Sierra J, Sanz MA, Brandwein JM, Witte TD, Niederwieser D, Appelbaum FR, Medeiros BC, Tallman MS, Krauter J, Schlenk RF, Ganser A, Serve H, Ehninger G, Amadori S, Larson RA, Döhner H (2017) Midostaurin plus Chemotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia with a FLT3 Mutation. N Engl J Med 377(5):454–464. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1614359 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Stone RM, Mandrekar SJ, Sanford BL, Laumann K, Geyer S, Bloomfield CD, Thiede C, Prior TW, Döhner K, Marcucci G, Lo-Coco F, Klisovic RB, Wei A, Sierra J, Sanz MA, Brandwein JM, Witte TD, Niederwieser D, Appelbaum FR, Medeiros BC, Tallman MS, Krauter J, Schlenk RF, Ganser A, Serve H, Ehninger G, Amadori S, Larson RA, Döhner H (2017) Midostaurin plus Chemotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia with a FLT3 Mutation. N Engl J Med 377(5):454–464. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1056/​NEJMoa1614359 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Thiede C, Steudel C, Mohr B, Schaich M, Schäkel U, Platzbecker U, Wermke M, Bornhäuser M, Ritter M, Neubauer A, Ehninger G, Illmer T (2002) Analysis of FLT3-activating mutations in 979 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Association with FAB subtypes and identification of subgroups with poor prognosis. Blood 99(12):4326–4335CrossRefPubMed Thiede C, Steudel C, Mohr B, Schaich M, Schäkel U, Platzbecker U, Wermke M, Bornhäuser M, Ritter M, Neubauer A, Ehninger G, Illmer T (2002) Analysis of FLT3-activating mutations in 979 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Association with FAB subtypes and identification of subgroups with poor prognosis. Blood 99(12):4326–4335CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
FLT3-Inhibitoren in der Therapie der akuten myeloischen Leukämie
verfasst von
Stephan Metzelder
Dr. med. Christoph Röllig
Publikationsdatum
07.06.2018
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
best practice onkologie / Ausgabe 4/2018
Print ISSN: 0946-4565
Elektronische ISSN: 1862-8559
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11654-018-0087-5

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2018

best practice onkologie 4/2018 Zur Ausgabe

Onko aktuell

onko-aktuell

Update Onkologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.