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Erschienen in: Die Gynäkologie 3/2019

01.03.2019 | Harninkontinenz | Leitthema

Überaktive Blase – aktuelle diagnostische und therapeutische Aspekte

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. med. Christl Reisenauer

Erschienen in: Die Gynäkologie | Ausgabe 3/2019

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Zusammenfassung

Die Prävalenz der überaktiven Blase beträgt bei Erwachsenen 16–17 %, ein Drittel der Betroffenen leidet zugleich unter einer Dranginkontinenz. Die Symptome der überaktiven Blase (Pollakisurie, Nykturie und imperativer Harndrang mit oder ohne Inkontinenz) treten ohne pathologische Veränderungen des Harntraktes auf. Die Basisdiagnostik umfasst: eine ausführliche Anamnese, eine klinische sowie urogynäkologische Untersuchung, eine Urinuntersuchung und das Führen eines Miktionstagebuchs. Zur weiterführenden Diagnostik gehören: die Urodynamik, die Urethrozystoskopie und die bildgebenden Verfahren. Neurologische und internistische Untersuchungen können differenzialdiagnostisch hilfreich sein. Die Therapie erfolgt individualisiert. Zusammengefasst stehen folgende konservative Behandlungsoptionen zur Verfügung: Lifestyle-Änderungen, Verhaltenstherapie, Beckenbodentraining und die medikamentöse Therapie. Bei therapierefraktärer Dranginkontinenz werden sowohl die Injektion von Onabotulinumtoxin A (100 Einheiten) als auch die sakrale Neuromodulation gleichrangig empfohlen. Die Patientenpräferenz und der Allgemeinzustand sind hierfür entscheidend. Die Blasenaugmentation stellt die Ultima Ratio der operativen Behandlung dar. Die Zufriedenheit mit der Behandlung korreliert mit den an die Therapie gestellten Erwartungen. Demzufolge sind die Aufklärung, die Motivation und die Begleitung der Patientinnen während der Therapie essenziell.
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Metadaten
Titel
Überaktive Blase – aktuelle diagnostische und therapeutische Aspekte
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. med. Christl Reisenauer
Publikationsdatum
01.03.2019
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Gynäkologie / Ausgabe 3/2019
Print ISSN: 2731-7102
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7110
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-019-4389-7

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