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Erschienen in: Der Radiologe 11/2015

01.11.2015 | Ultraschall in der Gynäkologie | Leitthema

Ultraschallelastographie

verfasst von: PD Dr. R. S. Goertz

Erschienen in: Die Radiologie | Ausgabe 11/2015

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Zusammenfassung

Die nichtinvasiven ultraschallbasierten Methoden zur Darstellung und Messung der Gewebeelastizität halten zunehmend Einzug in den klinischen Alltag. Bei der Scherwellenelastographie der Leber geben Grenzwerte Hinweise auf eine Fibrose (F ≥ 2, diagnostische Genauigkeit [„area under the reader operating characteristic“, AUROC 87 %]) oder auf eine Zirrhose (F = 4, AUROC 93 %). Normwerte schließen eine Leberzirrhose nahezu aus (negativ prädiktiver Wert bis 97 %). Hohe Scherwellengeschwindigkeiten deuten auf einen komplikativen Verlauf einer primär sklerosierenden Cholangitis, Leberzirrhose oder chronischen Hepatitis B oder C hin. Leberläsionen lassen sich elastographisch hinsichtlich ihrer Dignität nicht unterscheiden.
Bei den Schilddrüsen- und Brustläsionen deuten niedrige Scherwellengeschwindigkeiten auf Benignität bzw. hohe auf eine maligne Läsion. Eine Unterscheidung benigner und maligner Schilddrüsenknoten gelingt mithilfe der Kompressionselastographie mit Sensitivitäten um 89 % und Spezifitäten um 82 %. Bei Brustläsionen hilft die Elastographie, Knoten besser als mit dem B-Bild allein zu differenzieren (Sensitivität 97 %, Spezifität 83 %). Invasive Punktionen können dadurch zielgerichteter eingesetzt oder ganz vermieden werden. Wegen zahlreicher Einflussfaktoren insbesondere bei der Leberelastographie müssen die Messungen im klinischen Kontext interpretiert werden. Insgesamt bietet die ultraschallbasierte Elastographie zusätzlich zu den klassischen Techniken mit B-Bild und Farbdoppler hilfreiche Informationen zur Detektion einer Leberfibrose und weiteren Charakterisierung von Schilddrüsen- und Brustknoten.
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Metadaten
Titel
Ultraschallelastographie
verfasst von
PD Dr. R. S. Goertz
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Radiologie / Ausgabe 11/2015
Print ISSN: 2731-7048
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7056
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-015-0028-z

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