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Die Radiologie
Erschienen in: Der Radiologe 3/2017

10.02.2017 | Magnetresonanztomografie | Leitthema

Diagnostische Nervensonographie

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. T. Bäumer, A. Grimm, T. Schelle

Erschienen in: Die Radiologie | Ausgabe 3/2017

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Zusammenfassung

Klinisches/methodisches Problem

Für die Diagnostik von Nervenläsionen ist ein bildgebendes Verfahren zur Darstellung des peripheren Nervs und seiner ihn umgebenden Strukturen für eine ätiologische Einordnung erforderlich.

Radiologische Standardverfahren

Mit der klinisch-neurologischen Untersuchung und Elektrophysiologie ist eine funktionelle Aussage über die Nervenläsion möglich. In der Standard-MRT-Untersuchung wird der periphere Nerv nur unzureichend gut dargestellt. Die MRT-Neurographie ist ein sehr gutes, aber auch zeit- und ressourcenintensives Verfahren.

Methodische Innovationen

Nutzung des Ultraschalls für die Diagnostik am peripheren Nerven.

Leistungsfähigkeit

Mit der Sonographie des peripheren Nervensystems ist eine Diagnose von Engpasssyndromen und traumatischen Nervenverletzungen möglich. Die Sonographie bei Neuropathien zeigt, dass eine Unterscheidung verschiedener Neuropathien möglich ist.

Bewertung

Die Nervensonographie ist eine etablierte diagnostische Methode. Zusätzlich zur klinischen Untersuchung und klinischen Elektrophysiologie erhält man mit der Sonographie strukturelle Informationen, welche die Diagnostik deutlich verbessern. In neurophysiologischen Abteilungen wurde vielerorts die Sonographie im diagnostischen Work-up des Neurologen fest etabliert.

Empfehlung für die Praxis

Die Nervensonographie ist für die Diagnostik von Nervenläsionen als Methode neben klinischer Untersuchung und Elektrophysiologie zu empfehlen. Sie sollte bei der Diagnostik von Engpasssyndromen, traumatischen Schädigungen und Raumforderungen ergänzend zu Elektrophysiologie und klinischer Untersuchung eingesetzt werden.
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Metadaten
Titel
Diagnostische Nervensonographie
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. T. Bäumer
A. Grimm
T. Schelle
Publikationsdatum
10.02.2017
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Radiologie / Ausgabe 3/2017
Print ISSN: 2731-7048
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7056
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-017-0218-y

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Regeneration peripherer Nerven ist möglich

Während sich Nervenzellen des zentralen Nervensystems nach Schädigungen kaum wieder erholen, können sich periphere Nerven nach Verletzungen oder Kompressionen regenerieren. Neurotrope Nährstoffe wie Uridinmonophosphat und B-Vitamine können den Regenerationsprozess geschädigter Nervenfasern unterstützen.

Bildnachweise