Review
Source | Total | Age | Heart | Myocardial fibrosis | Intermyocyte lymphocytic infiltration | Catecholamine necrosis | Colliquative myocytolysis | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
cases | yrs | weight | trans.Ø | Ant.LV | no | 20% | FI | absent | -Mn | +Mn | Foci | + | Foci | Myocells | no | [% cells] | ||||
g | mm | mm | < | > | ×100 mm2
| <25 | 25–50 | >50 | ||||||||||||
Ischemic heart | 63 | 51 ± 8 | 565 ± 108 | 137 ± 14 | 12 ± 4 | - | 11 | 52 | 17 ± 8 | 9 | 38 | 17 | 0.2 ± 0.05 | 59 | 1 ± 1 | 10 ± 14 | 1 | 14 | 39 | 9 |
Dilated cardiom. | 63 | 42 ± 12 | 639 ± 155 | 148 ± 15 | 15 ± 4 | 8 | 54 | 1 | 2 ± 3 | 8 | 42 | 18 | 0.4 ± 0.18 | 53 | 2 ± 6 | 12 ± 26 | 3 | 28 | 28 | 4 |
Valvulopathy | 18 | 46 ± 8 | 827 ± 179 | 147 ± 15 | 16 ± 4 | - | 14 | 4 | 4 ± 4 | 3 | 12 | 7 | 0.3 ± 0.09 | 14 | 1 ± 2 | 5 ± 6 | 1 | 2 | 14 | 1 |
Total+CHF*
|
144
|
46 ± 9
|
677 ± 147
|
144 ± 15
|
14 ± 4
|
8
|
79
|
57
|
8 ± 5
|
20
|
92
|
42
|
0.3 ± 0.09
|
126
|
1 ± 3
|
9 ± 15
|
5
|
44
|
81
|
14
|
Chagas | 34 | 49 ± 13 | 464 ± 110 | 114 ± 18 | 15 ± 3 | 9 | 18 | 7 | 7 ± 8 | - | 34 | 31 | 13 ± 2 | 34 | 3 ± 6 | 30 ± 51 | 28 | 6 | - | - |
AIDS | 38 | 31 ± 10 | 368 ± 67 | 91 ± 21 | 13 ± 3 | 34 | 4 | - | 0.04 ± 1 | 14 | 16 | 9 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 25 | 4 ± 11 | 13 ± 27 | 33 | 3 | 2 | - |
Brain hemorrhage | 27 | 58 ± 12 | 434 ± 91 | 107 ± 15 | 18 ± 7 | 12 | 15 | - | 0.4 ± 6 | 15 | 7 | - | 2 ± 1.8 | 24 | 26 ± 34 | 67 ± 104 | 26 | - | 1 | - |
Head trauma normal | 45 | 42 ± 17 | 364 ± 47 | 104 ± 15 | 12 ± 6 | 45 | - | - | - | 29 | 11 | - | 5 ± 3 | 9*** | 10 ± 18 | 23 ± 31 | 45 | - | - | - |
Total without CHF
|
144
|
45 ± 17
|
408 ± 79
|
104 ± 17
|
15 ± 5
|
100
|
37
|
7
|
2 ± 5
|
58
|
68
|
40
|
5 ± 1.9
|
92
|
11 ± 17
|
33 ± 53
|
132
|
9
|
3
|
-
|
1. Myocardial fibrosis
2. Lymphocytic infiltration
3. Ischemia
4. Apoptosis
5. Thinning cardiac wall/lengthening of myocytes
6. Hypertrophy
7. Slippage of myocytes
8. Neurohormonal activation
9. Colliquative myocytolysis
10. Endomioelastofibrosis
Source | Endocardial myofibroelastosis | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases | Absent | Nodular myohyperplasia | Myofibro elastosis | LV | RV | IV | |
Congestive heart failure* | 144 | 3 | 15 | 126 | 129 | 29 | 125 |
Sudden/unexpected coronary death | 25 | 13 | 2 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 9 |
Sudden/unexpected death silent Chagas | 34 | 15 | 1 | 18 | 17 | 6 | 10 |
Transplanted hearts | 46 | 29 | 6 | 11 | 11 | 5 | 6 |
Intracranial brain hemorrhage | 27 | 10 | 3 | 14 | 13 | 4 | 9 |
AIDS | 38 | 16 | 7 | 15 | 11 | 5 | 11 |
Cocaine abusers** | 26 | 19 | 5 | 2 | 2 | - | - |
Carbon monoxide intoxication** | 26 | 26 | - | - | - | - | - |
Head trauma** | 45 | 45 | - | - | - | - | - |
Electrocution** | 21 | 21 | - | - | - | - | - |
Target of Ultrasound Diagnosis: Present and Future
Echocardiography
|
Nuclear scan
|
Cardiac CT
|
Cardiac MRI
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
Radiation exposure | - | + | + | - |
Patient dependence | + | - | - | - |
Operator dependence | + | - | - | - |
Imaging time | + | ++ | + | +++ |
Installation costs | + | ++ | +++ | ++++ |
Operation costs | + | ++ | +++ | ++++ |
Spatial resolution | +++ | + | +++ | +++ |
Temporal resolution | +++ | + | ++ | ± |