Background
Methods
Participants
Follow-up assessment
CSF Aβ1–42 analyses
Statistical analyses
Results
Baseline characteristics
a. All (n = 2462) | b. SCD (n = 448) | c. MCI (n = 490) | d. AD-type dementia (n = 1031) | e. Non-AD-type dementia (n = 493) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 66.8 (7.0) | 64.4 (6.2)b,c,d
| 68.2 (6.9)a,c,d
| 67.3 (7.2)a,b
| 66.9 (6.8)a,b
|
Female sex, n (%) | 1049 (43) | 170 (38)c
| 181 (37)c
| 528 (51)a,b,d
| 170 (34)c
|
Years of education | 11.1 (3.0) | 11.9 (3.1)b,c,d
| 11.4 (3.2)a,c,d
| 10.8 (2.8)a,b
| 10.5 (2.9)a,b
|
MMSE score | 23.6 (5.2) | 28.3 (1.7)b,c,d
| 26.5 (2.5)a,c,d
| 20.4 (5.0)a,b,d
| 23.0 (5.2)a,b,c,
|
APOE ε4 allele carriers, n (%) | 1186 (54) | 158 (35)b,c
| 242 (49)a,c,d
| 615 (60)a,b,d
| 171 (35)b,c
|
CSF Aβ1–42, pg/ml | 667 (289) | 906 (277)b,c,d
| 676 (295)a,c,d
| 504 (174)a,b,d
| 781 (278)a,b,c
|
CSF tau, pg/ml | 527 (401) | 317 (205)b,c,d
| 486 (313)a,c,d
| 705 (406)a,b,d
| 394 (443)a,b,c
|
CSF p-tau, pg/ml | 70 (37) | 52 (25)b,c
| 70 (35)a,c,d
| 88 (39)a,b,d
| 50 (25)b,c
|
Outcome at follow-up AD-type/no AD-type dementia (% AD-type dementia) | – | 13/235 (5) | 146/224 (61) | – | – |
Average follow-up duration, years | – | 2.93 (1.99) | 2.41 (1.46) | – | – |
CSF Aβ1–42 cutoff based on mixture modeling
Log-likelihood 1 versus 2 components | Log-likelihood 2 versus 3 components | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Observed | Bootstrap (95% CI) |
p Value | Observed | Bootstrap (95% CI) |
p Value | |
All subjects | 653.98 | 6.51 (1.65–15.69) | <0.001 | 2.16 | 16.67 (0.78–11.15) | 0.77 |
Subjective cognitive decline | 15.64 | 6.12 (1.72–13.25) | 0.03 | 2.45 | 5.8 (0.94–17) | 0.74 |
Mild cognitive impairment | 124.50 | 5.79 (1.91–12.63) | <0.001 | 9.95 | 5.55 (0.54–10.82) | 0.08 |
Nondemented | 132.93 | 6.44 (1.5–13.1) | <0.001 | 10.41 | 4.34 (0.73–11.3) | 0.07 |
Dementia | 471.81 | 6.01 (1.49–13.21) | <0.001 | 3.61 | 4.34 (0.53–9.56) | 0.55 |
Younger than 66.5 years old | 261.16 | 5.86 (1.4–12.82) | <0.001 | 2.02 | 4.64 (0.65–9.83) | 0.79 |
Older than 66.5 years old | 397.49 | 6.42 (1.82–14.46) | <0.001 | 9.39 | 4.82 (0.68–11.64) | 0.11 |
APOE ε4 noncarrier | 138.75 | 6 (1.77–13.01) | <0.001 | 4.19 | 6.91 (0.79–11.26) | 0.41 |
APOE ε4 carrier | 367.29 | 5.83 (1.89–11.50) | <0.001 | 10.49 | 7.25 (0.6–11.79) | 0.07 |
Comparison with previously defined cutoff
Total group (n = 688) | CSF Aβ42 cutoff <550 pg/ml | CSF Aβ 42 cutoff <615 pg/ml | |
---|---|---|---|
AD-type dementia, n (%) | 288 (42) | 236 (82) | 255 (89) |
Non-AD-type dementia, n (%) | 143 (21) | 49 (34) | 55 (38) |
SCD with follow-up available | |||
Converted to AD-type dementia, n (%) | 7 (7) | 5 (71) | 6 (86) |
Not converted to AD-type dementia, n (%) | 91 (93) | 16 (18) | 20 (22) |
MCI with follow-up available | |||
Converted to AD-type dementia, n (%) | 69 (53) | 53 (77) | 60 (87) |
Not converted to AD-type dementia, n (%) | 60 (47) | 16 (27) | 26 (43) |
CSF Aβ42 cutoff | HR (95% CI) | Log-likelihood ratio | χ2
|
---|---|---|---|
<550 pg/ml | 5.14 (2.96–8.93)a
| −327.85 | n.a. |
<615 pg/ml | 7.44 (3.74–14.79)a
| −324.66 | 6.38b
|