Background
Materials and methods
Subjects and study design
Measurements
DNA Extraction and Genotyping
Statistical Analyses
Results
Baseline characteristics
Variable | Non-Obese | Obese | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Urban | Rural |
p
| Urban | Rural |
p
| |
All, n
|
136
|
250
|
142
|
75
| ||
Age | 46.0 ± 10.9 | 52.3 ± 16.8 |
< 0.001
| 46.3 ± 9.3 | 49.1 ± 11.5 | 0.073 |
FPG | 95.2 ± 25.2 | 97.1 ± 18.9 | 0.426 | 99.9 ± 43.7 | 94.9 ± 11.8 | 0.204 |
BMI | 22.4 ± 1.9 | 20.7 ± 2.6 |
< 0.001
| 28.6 ± 3.5 | 27.9 ± 2.1 | 0.063 |
TGα | 126.4 ± 63.7 | 118.5 ± 53.8 | 0.344 | 160.1 ± 74.6 | 156.6 ± 69.8 | 0.882 |
HDL-Cα | 53.2 ± 11.4 | 54.2 ± 13.9 | 0.698 | 48.1 ± 10.6 | 51.0 ± 9.8 | 0.054 |
LDL-C | 119.6 ± 34.3 | 120.6 ± 29.6 | 0.781 | 119.4 ± 31.7 | 126.8 ± 34.9 | 0.127 |
TC | 198.1 ± 38.2 | 196.3 ± 34.8 | 0.638 | 199.5 ± 36.1 | 211.0 ± 35.3 |
0.025
|
Male, n
|
72
|
128
|
100
|
40
| ||
Age | 46.7 ± 11.8 | 51.1 ± 17.0 |
0.033
| 46.1 ± 9.6 | 49.5 ± 10.7 | 0.088 |
FPG | 100.4 ± 30.4 | 98.2 ± 22.9 | 0.583 | 94.8 ± 24.9 | 96.1 ± 14.4 | 0.701 |
BMI | 22.4 ± 1.7 | 20.8 ± 2.3 |
< 0.001
| 28.9 ± 3.7 | 28.2 ± 2.2 | 0.212 |
TGα | 140.2 ± 60.0 | 127.6 ± 54.3 | 0.125 | 176.5 ± 75.2 | 169.1 ± 62.4 | 0.735 |
HDL-Cα | 50.1 ± 10.3 | 49.8 ± 11.2 | 0.850 | 44.7 ± 9.1 | 47.1 ± 7.7 | 0.113 |
LDL-C | 123.2 ± 34.7 | 118.3 ± 29.3 | 0.487 | 122.2 ± 31.6 | 131.9 ± 33.8 | 0.126 |
TC | 201.4 ± 37.9 | 191.5 ± 34.7 | 0.068 | 202.2 ± 36.6 | 216.6 ± 36.0 |
0.039
|
Female, n
|
64
|
122
|
42
|
35
| ||
Age | 45.4 ± 9.8 | 53.6 ± 16.5 |
< 0.001
| 46.7 ± 8.5 | 48.6 ± 12.6 | 0.452 |
FPG | 89.3 ± 16.1 | 96.1 ± 13.6 |
0.005
| 112.2 ± 69.5 | 93.6 ± 7.9 | 0.094 |
BMI | 22.4 ± 2.2 | 20.6 ± 2.9 |
< 0.001
| 28.1 ± 3.0 | 27.6 ± 1.9 | 0.364 |
TGα | 110.8 ± 64.6 | 108.9 ± 51.7 | 0.500 | 121.2 ± 57.6 | 142.2 ± 75.7 | 0.265 |
HDL-Cα | 56.7 ± 11.7 | 58.7 ± 15.1 | 0.472 | 56.3 ± 9.2 | 55.5 ± 10.2 | 0.612 |
LDL-C | 115.6 ± 33.7 | 123.0 ± 29.8 | 0.139 | 112.7 ± 30.6 | 121.0 ± 35.7 | 0.279 |
TC | 194.4 ± 38.5 | 201.3 ± 34.3 | 0.231 | 193.1 ± 34.4 | 204.9 ± 33.9 | 0.137 |
Genotypic and allelic distributions
Variables | All | Male | Female | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Urban | Rural |
p
| Urban | Rural |
p
| Urban | Rural |
p
| ||
Non Obese |
n
|
136
|
250
| 72 | 128 | 64 | 122 | |||
G(−866)A (rs659366)
| ||||||||||
G/G | 0.40 | 0.29 | 0.065 | 0.36 | 0.23 | 0.055 | 0.45 | 0.34 | 0.177 | |
G/A | 0.46 | 0.53 | 0.54 | 0.56 | 0.36 | 0.50 | ||||
A/A | 0.14 | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.16 | ||||
MAF (−866)A | 0.37 | 0.45 | 0.37 | 0.48 | 0.37 | 0.41 | ||||
Heterozygosity | 0.47 | 0.50 | 0.47 | 0.50 | 0.47 | 0.48 | ||||
A55V (rs660339)
| ||||||||||
C/C | 0.53 | 0.39 |
0.033
| 0.50 | 0.34 |
0.029
| 0.56 | 0.44 | 0.265 | |
C/T | 0.36 | 0.43 | 0.42 | 0.45 | 0.30 | 0.41 | ||||
T/T | 0.11 | 0.18 | 0.08 | 0.20 | 0.14 | 0.15 | ||||
MAF 55Val | 0.29 | 0.39 | 0.29 | 0.43 | 0.29 | 0.35 | ||||
Heterozygosity | 0.41 | 0.48 | 0.42 | 0.49 | 0.41 | 0.46 | ||||
Obese |
n
|
142
|
75
|
100
|
40
|
42
|
35
| |||
G(−866)A (rs659366)
| ||||||||||
G/G | 0.27 | 0.29 | 0.585 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.968 | 0.24 | 0.31 | 0.151 | |
G/A | 0.54 | 0.57 | 0.54 | 0.52 | 0.55 | 0.63 | ||||
A/A | 0.19 | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.06 | ||||
MAF (−866)A | 0.46 | 0.42 | 0.45 | 0.46 | 0.49 | 0.37 | ||||
Heterozygosity | 0.50 | 0.49 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.51 | 0.47 | ||||
A55V (rs660339)
| ||||||||||
C/C | 0.38 | 0.41 | 0.513 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.227 | 0.33 | 0.43 | 0.685 | |
C/T | 0.54 | 0.47 | 0.52 | 0.42 | 0.57 | 0.51 | ||||
T/T | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0.06 | ||||
MAF 55Val | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.34 | 0.39 | 0.38 | 0.31 | ||||
Heterozygosity | 0.46 | 0.46 | 0.45 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.44 |
Association of genotypes with disease traits
G(−866)A (rs659366) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genotype -Factor | BMI | FPG | TG | HDL-C | LDL-C | TC | ||||||
Est. |
p
| Est. |
p
| Est. |
p
| Est. |
p
| Est. |
p
| Est. |
p
| |
G/A | −0.03 | 0.934 | 0.28 | 0.473 | 0.44 | 0.157 | −0.39 | 0.136 | −0.29 | 0.220 | −0.09 | 0.702 |
A/A | −0.44 | 0.305 | 0.16 | 0.755 | 0.26 | 0.521 | −0.36 | 0.309 | −0.31 | 0.308 | −0.21 | 0.521 |
Age | −0.01 | 0.245 | 0.04 |
<0.001
| −0.01 | 0.084 | 0.01 | 0.141 | 0.01 |
0.009
| 0.02 |
<0.001
|
Male | 0.44 |
0.016
| 0.28 | 0.284 | 0.91 |
<0.001
| −1.44 |
<0.001
| 0.24 | 0.117 | 0.20 | 0.211 |
Urban | 0.69 |
0.035
| 0.12 | 0.806 | 0.436 | 0.204 | −0.50 | 0.103 | 0.06 | 0.832 | 0.07 | 0.795 |
G/A-urban | 0.57 | 0.161 | −0.11 | 0.853 | −0.11 | 0.782 | 0.34 | 0.377 | −0.33 | 0.333 | −0.25 | 0.480 |
A/A-urban | 1.20 |
0.035
| 0.58 | 0.438 | −0.28 | 0.618 | 0.61 | 0.236 | 0.18 | 0.682 | 0.23 | 0.625 |
Ala55Val (rs660339)
| ||||||||||||
Genotype -Factor
|
BMI
|
FPG
|
TG
|
HDL-C
|
LDL-C
|
TC
| ||||||
Est.
|
p
|
Est.
|
p
|
Est.
|
p
|
Est.
|
p
|
Est.
|
p
|
Est.
|
p
| |
C/T | −0.05 | 0.859 | −0.11 | 0.756 | 0.46 | 0.123 | −0.19 | 0.446 | −0.11 | 0.629 | 0.08 | 0.737 |
T/T | −0.55 | 0.195 | −0.03 | 0.945 | 0.26 | 0.488 | −0.08 | 0.811 | −0.25 | 0.391 | −0.11 | 0.741 |
Age | −0.01 | 0.222 | 0.04 |
<0.001
| −0.01 | 0.103 | 0.01 | 0.133 | 0.02 |
0.007
| 0.02 |
<0.001
|
Male | 0.43 |
0.019
| 0.30 | 0.254 | 0.90 |
<0.001
| −1.45 |
<0.001
| 0.21 | 0.158 | 0.19 | 0.249 |
Urban | 0.73 |
0.010
| 0.04 | 0.787 | 0.46 | 0.113 | −0.30 | 0.268 | −0.09 | 0.701 | 0.02 | 0.931 |
C/T-urban | 0.77 |
0.046
| −0.04 | 0.945 | −0.12 | 0.760 | 0.11 | 0.771 | −0.04 | 0.914 | −0.09 | 0.787 |
T/T-urban | 0.70 | 0.253 | 0.57 | 0.452 | −0.87 | 0.167 | 0.35 | 0.528 | 0.35 | 0.469 | 0.11 | 0.826 |
Association of UCP2 haplotypes with disease traits
Additive Model | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Haplotype | f | High BMI | High FPG | High TG | Low HDL-C | High LDL-C | High TC | ||||||
Est. |
p
| Est. |
p
| Est. |
p
| Est. |
p
| Est. |
p
| Est. |
p
| ||
GC | 0.56 | ||||||||||||
AC | 0.09 | −0.05 | 0.902 | 0.82 | 0.280 | −0.23 | 0.696 | −0.58 | 0.325 | −0.48 | 0.461 | −0.65 | 0.315 |
AT | 0.34 | −0.21 | 0.312 | 0.33 | 0.444 | 0.11 | 0.676 | −0.37 | 0.211 | 0.00 | 0.996 | 0.21 | 0.379 |
GT | 0.01 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Age | −0.01 | 0.222 | 0.05 |
<0.001
| −0.02 | 0.109 | 0.01 | 0.335 | 0.02 | 0.086 | 0.01 |
0.024
| |
Male | 0.46 |
0.013
| 0.55 | 0.155 | 0.80 |
0.002
| −1.89 |
<0.001
| 0.22 | 0.419 | 0.25 | 0.310 | |
Urban | 0.74 |
0.013
| 0.89 | 0.218 | 0.10 | 0.805 | 0.90 | 0.053 | 0.62 | 0.135 | 0.46 | 0.247 | |
AC-urban | 0.24 | 0.643 | 0.19 | 0.835 | 0.98 | 0.160 | 0.97 | 0.191 | −0.44 | 0.612 | −0.04 | 0.960 | |
AT-urban | 0.61 |
0.032
| 0.18 | 0.745 | −0.04 | 0.912 | 0.49 | 0.228 | −0.40 | 0.329 | −0.42 | 0.261 | |
GT-urban | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
Dominant Model
| |||||||||||||
Haplotype
|
f
|
High BMI
|
High FPG
|
High TG
|
Low HDL-C
|
High LDL-C
|
High TC
| ||||||
Est.
|
p
|
Est.
|
p
|
Est.
|
p
|
Est.
|
p
|
Est.
|
p
|
Est.
|
p
| ||
GC | 0.56 | ||||||||||||
AC | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.900 | 0.77 | 0.341 | −0.19 | 0.761 | −0.60 | 0.336 | −0.49 | 0.465 | −0.64 | 0.337 |
AT | 0.34 | −0.14 | 0.644 | 0.26 | 0.701 | 0.18 | 0.644 | −0.50 | 0.303 | −0.05 | 0.882 | 0.28 | 0.450 |
GT | 0.01 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Age | −0.01 | 0.234 | 0.05 |
<0.001
| −0.01 | 0.112 | 0.01 | 0.323 | 0.02 | 0.100 | 0.02 |
0.025
| |
Male | 0.46 |
0.017
| 0.53 | 0.168 | 0.80 |
0.002
| −1.89 |
<0.001
| 0.22 | 0.403 | 0.25 | 0.309 | |
Urban | 0.67 |
0.038
| 1.04 | 0.155 | −0.08 | 0.852 | 0.72 | 0.171 | 0.54 | 0.228 | 0.41 | 0.341 | |
AC-urban | 0.18 | 0.739 | 0.09 | 0.927 | 1.04 | 0.146 | 0.89 | 0.247 | −0.38 | 0.668 | 0.00 | 1.000 | |
AT-urban | 0.89 |
0.024
| −0.01 | 0.987 | 0.24 | 0.637 | 0.34 | 0.577 | −0.33 | 0.548 | −0.46 | 0.383 | |
GT-urban | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |