Background
Methods
Data source and analytic sample
Instruments
Items | Questions (during the past month) |
---|---|
Feeding | Were there times you were unable to eat when you were hungry because no one was available to help you have food? |
Dressing | Did you experience discomfort because you were unable to get assistance to change your dirty or wet clothes as soon as possible? |
Bathing | Did you experience discomfort because you were unable to get assistance to bathe as often as possible? Did you experience a scald caused by bathing with water that was too hot? |
Grooming | Did you experience discomfort with your face/teeth/hair because you were unable to get assistance to groom as often as possible? |
Toileting | Were there times you had no choice but to hold back urine for a long time because no one was available to help you go to the restroom? Did you wet or soil yourself because you did not have help getting to the restroom? |
Chair/bed transfer | Were there times you had no choice but to lie on the bed for a long time because no one was available to help you get out of bed? Have you ever had pressure sores? |
Ambulating | Were there times you had no choice but to stay in the bedroom for a long time because no one was available to help you walk outside? |
Using stairs | Were there times you had no choice but to stay on the same floor for a long time because no one was available to help you go downstairs? |
Financial management | Were there times you lost money or overspent because no one was available to help you do financial management? |
Assembling affairs | Did you experience chaos in everyday life because you were unable to get assistance to assemble affairs? |
Shopping | Did you experience inconvenience due to a lack of daily supplies because you were unable to get assistance to do shopping? |
Working on a hobby | Were there times you felt very bored because no one was available to help you do recreational activities? |
Doing housework | Were there times you had no choice but to live in a dirty environment, because no one was available to help you do housework? |
Cooking | Did you experience discomfort because you often had to eat food that did not meet your taste? |
Social interaction | Were there times you had no choice but to live alone for a long time because no one was available to help you go outside to chat with others? |
Memorizing | Were there times you forgot to take medicine or misused medicine because no one was available to remind you to take the medicine? |
Using vehicles | Were there times you had no choice but to stay home when there was an urgent issue that needed to be dealt with outside because no one was available to take you to travel some distance? |
Procedure
Data analysis
Results
Characteristics
Variables | n | % |
---|---|---|
Disabled elderly people | ||
Age(year) | ||
Mean(SD) | 82.3(9.5) | |
Gender | ||
Male | 138 | 45.5 |
Female | 165 | 54.5 |
Marital status | ||
Unmarried | 150 | 49.5 |
Married | 153 | 50.5 |
Living area | ||
Urban | 150 | 49.5 |
Suburban | 121 | 39.9 |
Rural | 32 | 10.6 |
Education | ||
Illiterate | 115 | 38.0 |
Primary school | 69 | 22.8 |
Junior high school | 38 | 12.5 |
Senior high school | 40 | 13.2 |
College and above | 41 | 13.5 |
Income (month) | ||
≤ 1000 yuan | 121 | 39.9 |
1001–3000 yuan | 51 | 16.8 |
3001–5000 yuan | 69 | 22.8 |
>5000 yuan | 62 | 20.5 |
Medical expense (month) | ||
≤ 1000 yuan | 177 | 58.4 |
1001–3000 yuan | 39 | 12.9 |
3001–5000 yuan | 34 | 11.2 |
>5000 yuan | 53 | 17.5 |
Cause of disability | ||
Diseases | 218 | 71.9 |
Accidents | 39 | 12.9 |
Caducity | 46 | 15.2 |
Length of disability | ||
≤12 months | 34 | 11.2 |
13–24 months | 61 | 20.1 |
>24 months | 208 | 68.7 |
Main caregivers | ||
Age (year) | ||
Mean(SD) | 59.0(12.7) | |
Gender | ||
Male | 101 | 33.3 |
Female | 202 | 66.7 |
Education | ||
Primary school | 166 | 54.8 |
Junior high school | 86 | 28.3 |
Senior high school | 35 | 11.6 |
College and above | 16 | 5.3 |
Relationship | ||
Spouse | 72 | 23.8 |
Children | 95 | 31.3 |
Children-in-law | 18 | 5.9 |
Other relatives | 13 | 4.3 |
Care workers | 99 | 32.7 |
Social worker | 6 | 2.0 |
Income (month) | ||
≤1000 yuan | 71 | 23.4 |
1001–3000 yuan | 117 | 38.6 |
3001–5000 yuan | 74 | 24.4 |
>5000 yuan | 41 | 13.5 |
Disability status of the elderly and caring burden and difficulties of caregivers
Variables | N | % |
---|---|---|
BI | ||
Mean(SD) | 40.4(32.1) | |
No dependency (100 points) | 3 | 1.0 |
Mild dependency (61–99 points) | 94 | 31.0 |
Moderate dependency (41–60 points) | 49 | 16.2 |
Severe dependency (20–40 points) | 56 | 18.5 |
Complete dependency (0–19 points) | 101 | 33.3 |
FAQ | ||
Mean(SD) | 21.1(8.1) | |
ZBI | ||
Mean(SD) | 27.7(15.0) | |
FCTI | ||
Mean(SD) | 11.2(7.6) |
Prevalence of needed help and unmet need in ADL tasks
Items | Needed help (n1) | Rate of needed help (%) | Unmet need (n2) | Rate of unmet need (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Feeding | 218 | 71.9 | 46 | 21.1 |
Dressing | 212 | 70.0 | 24 | 11.3 |
Bathing | 234 | 77.2 | 83 | 35.5 |
Grooming | 177 | 58.4 | 34 | 19.2 |
Toileting | 222 | 73.3 | 90 | 40.5 |
Chair/bed transfer | 271 | 89.4 | 125 | 46.1 |
Ambulating | 283 | 93.4 | 170 | 60.1 |
Using stairs | 294 | 97.0 | 215 | 73.1 |
Financial management | 238 | 78.5 | 11 | 4.6 |
Assembling affairs | 293 | 96.7 | 26 | 8.9 |
Shopping | 298 | 98.3 | 54 | 18.1 |
Working on a hobby | 219 | 72.3 | 158 | 72.1 |
Doing housework | 245 | 80.9 | 42 | 17.1 |
Cooking | 289 | 95.4 | 33 | 11.4 |
Social interaction | 235 | 77.6 | 147 | 62.6 |
Memorizing | 207 | 68.3 | 24 | 11.6 |
Using vehicles | 298 | 98.3 | 230 | 77.2 |
Risk of unmet needs by demographic characteristic of disabled elderly people and caregivers
Variables | Quantity of unmet needs≤5 | Quantity of unmet needs≥6 | Z/χ2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Disabled elderly people | ||||
BIa | 57.5(15.0, 80.0) | 25.0(0.0, 55.0) | −5.330** | |
FAQa | 17.5(11.0, 26.0) | 26.0(20.0, 30.0) | −6.342** | |
Age (year)a | 83.0(76.0, 88.0) | 85.0(79.0, 90.0) | −1.835 | |
Gender | Male | 77(47.5) | 61(43.3) | 0.554 |
Female | 85(52.5) | 80(56.7) | ||
Marital status | Unmarried | 74(45.7) | 76(53.9) | 2.039 |
Married | 88(54.3) | 65(46.1) | ||
Living area | Urban | 77(47.5) | 73(51.8) | 5.845 |
Suburban | 73(45.1) | 48(34.0) | ||
Rural | 12(7.4) | 20(14.2) | ||
Education | Illiterate | 61(37.7) | 54(38.3) | 1.191 |
Primary school | 39(24.1) | 30(21.3) | ||
Junior high school | 21(13.0) | 17(12.1) | ||
Senior high school | 22(13.6) | 18(12.8) | ||
College and above | 19(11.7) | 22(15.6) | ||
Income (month) | ≤1000 yuan | 63(38.9) | 58(41.1) | 0.762 |
1001–3000 yuan | 29(17.9) | 22(15.6) | ||
3001–5000 yuan | 35(21.6) | 34(24.1) | ||
>5000 yuan | 35(21.6) | 27(19.1) | ||
Medical expense (month) | ≤1000 yuan | 103(63.6) | 74(52.5) | 17.979** |
1001–3000 yuan | 28(17.3) | 11(7.8) | ||
3001–5000 yuan | 12(7.4) | 22(15.6) | ||
>5000 yuan | 19(11.7) | 34(24.1) | ||
Cause of disability | Diseases | 115(71.0) | 103(73.0) | 2.406 |
Accidents | 25(15.4) | 14(9.9) | ||
Caducity | 22(13.6) | 24(17.0) | ||
Length of disability | ≤12 month | 18(11.1) | 16(11.3) | 0.159 |
13–24 month | 34(21.0) | 27(19.1) | ||
>24 month | 110(67.9) | 98(69.5) | ||
Main caregivers
| ||||
ZBIa | 23.5(13.8, 36.0) | 30.0(18.0, 41.5) | −3.073** | |
FCTIa | 8.0(4.0, 14.0) | 10.0(7.0, 16.5) | −3.131** | |
Age (year)a | 60.0(50.0, 70.0) | 55.0(55.0, 66.0) | −1.412 | |
Gender | Male | 50(30.9) | 51(36.2) | 0.955 |
Female | 112(69.1) | 90(63.8) | ||
Education | Primary school | 83(51.2) | 83(58.9) | 8.486* |
Junior high school | 45(27.8) | 41(29.1) | ||
Senior high school | 20(12.3) | 15(10.6) | ||
College and above | 14(8.6) | 2(1.4) | ||
Relationship | Spouse | 52(32.1) | 20(14.2) | 19.705**b |
Children | 54(33.3) | 41(29.1) | ||
Children in law | 8(4.9) | 10(7.1) | ||
Other relatives | 4(2.5) | 9(6.4) | ||
Care workers | 41(25.3) | 58(41.1) | ||
Social worker | 3(1.9) | 3(2.1) | ||
Income (month) | ≤1000 yuan | 38(23.5) | 33(23.4) | 13.838** |
1001–3000 yuan | 49(30.2) | 68(48.2) | ||
3001–5000 yuan | 51(31.5) | 23(16.3) | ||
>5000 yuan | 24(14.8) | 17(12.1) |
Predictors of unmet needs—Results of binary logistic regression
Variables | B | S.E. | Adjusted OR | 95% C.I. for OR | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | ||||
Disabled elderly people | |||||
BI | −0.003 | 0.007 | 0.997 | 0.984 | 1.010 |
FAQ | 0.076 | 0.026 | 1.079** | 1.025 | 1.136 |
Medical expense | 0.350 | 0.194 | 1.419 | 0.970 | 2.078 |
Main caregivers | |||||
ZBI | 0.005 | 0.012 | 1.005 | 0.981 | 1.030 |
FCTI | 0.034 | 0.024 | 1.035 | 0.987 | 1.085 |
Education | 0.182 | 0.197 | 1.200 | 0.815 | 1.765 |
Relationship | 0.357 | 0.144 | 1.429* | 1.078 | 1.895 |
Income | − 0.387 | 0.182 | 0.679* | 0.475 | 0.970 |