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Erschienen in: Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 6/2016

20.05.2016 | Ikterus | Leitthema

Neonatale Cholestase

verfasst von: Dr. med. Dipl. oec. troph. V. Bähner, Prof. Dr. S. Gehring

Erschienen in: Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde | Ausgabe 6/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Der physiologische Neugeborenenikterus ist häufig und erfordert keine spezifische Diagnostik oder therapeutische Maßnahmen, solange die Gesamtbilirubinkonzentration unterhalb der Fototherapiegrenze liegt. Sollte der Ikterus über 2 bis 3 Wochen persistieren, muss an das Vorliegen einer cholestatischen Lebererkrankungen gedacht werden. Diagnostisch sollte an erster Stelle eine Differenzierung des Bilirubins vorgenommen werden (konjugiertes vs. unkonjugiertes Bilirubin). Bei Patienten im Neugeborenenalter ist die rasche Klärung der Ätiologie einer Cholestase zwingend erforderlich, da es eine Reihe von Erkrankungen gibt, die nur bei zügiger Einleitung einer spezifischen Therapie effektiv zu behandeln sind. Die häufigste Ursache für eine neonatale Cholestase ist eine Gallengangsatresie, die der frühzeitigen Operation (Hepatoportoenterostomie nach Kasai) zugeführt werden sollte. Zur frühzeitigen Erfassung einer Cholestase werden in einigen Ländern im Rahmen von Screeningprogrammen Stuhlfarbkarten eingesetzt. Neben der spezifischen Therapie sind bei cholestatischen Säuglingen eine MCT-haltige, hochkalorische Ernährungstherapie und eine Vitaminsubstitution essenziell.
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Metadaten
Titel
Neonatale Cholestase
verfasst von
Dr. med. Dipl. oec. troph. V. Bähner
Prof. Dr. S. Gehring
Publikationsdatum
20.05.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Schlagwort
Ikterus
Erschienen in
Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde / Ausgabe 6/2016
Print ISSN: 0026-9298
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0474
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-016-0089-8

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