Background
Methods
Patients and sample collection
Parameter | Groups | Patients (N, %) | Healthy subjects (N, %) | P-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age at diagnosis (Years) | ≤40 | 17 (42.5%) | 10 (50%) | 0.5820 |
40≤ | 23 (57.5%) | 10 (50%) | ||
Gender | Female | 22 (55%) | 10 (50%) | 0.7874 |
Male | 18 (45%) | 10 (50%) | ||
Body mass index (BMI) | ≤25 | 13 (32.5%) | 17 (85%) | 0.0003 |
25≤ | 27 (67.5%) | 3 (15%) | ||
Tumor invasiveness a | Invasive | 14 (35%) | ||
Non- Invasive | 26 (65%) | |||
Tumor sizeb | Micro-Adenoma | 10 (30%) | ||
Macro-Adenoma | 30 (70%) |
Parameters | Normal range | Standard deviation ± Mean |
---|---|---|
Blood Sugar (mg/dl) | Normal: 100–145 | 156.1 ± 13.2 |
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | Normal: Male 80–306 Female 64–306 | 228.5 ± 23.7 |
Calcium (Serum) (mg/dL) | Normal: 8.6–10.3 | 141 ± 13.8 |
Sodium (Serum) (mmol/L) | Normal: 136–145 | 142.4 ± 1.13 |
Inorganic Phosphorus (mg/dL) | Normal: 2.7–4.5 | 5.8 ± 0.83 |
Potassium (mmol/L) | Normal: 3.5–5.5 | 4.04 ± 0.11 |
Prolactin (mIU/L) | Normal: Male: 87–392 Female 132–498 | 691 ± 30 909 ± 61 |
Growth Hormone (ng/ml) | Women:0.126–9.88 Men:0.03–2.47 | 14.71 ± 5.01 6.64 ± 2.3 |
ACTH (pg/ml) | 7.2–63.3 | 40.49 ± 7.18 |
Cortisol (μg/dl) | 6.2–19.4 | 21.20 ± 5.5 |
IGF-1 (ng/ml) | 53–234 | 675.9 ± 68.62 |
Testosterone (ng/ml) | Men:2.5–10 women:0.2–0.95 | 1.17 ± 0.37 0.3 ± 0.1 |
Age | 47.88 ± 4.2 | |
Tumor size | 14.25 ± 1.43 |
RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, real-time PCR
Immunohistochemistry
Statistical analysis
Results
The expression level of SOX9 was increased in GH- secreting pituitary adenoma
B | S.E. | Wald | df | P value | Exp(B) | 95% C.I.for EXP(B) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | |||||||
SOX9 | 2.134 | 0.874 | 5.966 | 1 | 0.015 | 8.451 | 1.525 | 46.84 |
Parameter | Groups | SOX9 expression | P-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
High expression | Low expression | |||||
% | N | % | N | |||
Age (Years) | ≤40 | 41.17% | 7 | 58.82% | 10 | 0.52 |
40≤ | 56.52% | 13 | 43.47% | 10 | ||
Gender | Female | 45.45% | 10 | 54.54% | 12 | 0.75 |
Male | 55.55% | 10 | 44.44% | 8 | ||
Tumor invasiveness | Invasive | 64.28% | 9 | 35.71% | 5 | 0.052 |
Non- Invasive | 30.76% | 8 | 69.23% | 18 | ||
Tumor size | Micro-Adenoma | 30% | 3 | 70% | 7 | 0.023 |
Macro-adenoma | 73.33% | 22 | 26.66% | 8 |
Variable (predictors) | Standardized Coefficients (Beta) | t | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Patient age | 0.200 | 1.16 | 0.25 |
Patient gender | −0.322 | −1.19 | 0.064 |
Tumor size | 0.400 | 3.47 | 0.001 |
Tumor invasion | 0.350 | 2.73 | 0.01 |
Growth hormone level | 0.033 | 0.21 | 0.835 |
IGF-1 hormone level | −0.296 | −1.85 | 0.072 |
The SOX9 protein level increased in tumor tissues of GH-producing pituitary adenomas
Groups | Expression pattern a | P value | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total number | Score 0 | Score 1+ | Score 2+ | |||||
N % | N % | N % | ||||||
GH-producing pituitary tumors | 40 | 10 | 25% | 8 | 20% | 22 | 55% | |
Macro adenoma | 30 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 26.66% | 22 | 73.33% | < 0.0001 |
Micro adenoma | 10 | 7 | 70% | 3 | 30% | 0 | 0 | |
Invasive tumors | 14 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 14.28% | 12 | 85.71% | 0.009 |
Non-invasive tumors | 26 | 10 | 38.46% | 6 | 23.07% | 10 | 38.46% |
Variable | Pearson Coefficient test | SOX9 protein expression |
---|---|---|
SOX9 gene expression in Tumor | Correlation | 0.4248 |
P-value | 0.007 | |
SOX9 gene expression in Macro adenoma | Correlation | 0.4160 |
P-value | 0.022 | |
SOX9 gene expression in Micro adenoma | Correlation | 0.0537 |
P-value | 0.8828 | |
SOX9 gene expression in Invasive tumors | Correlation | 0.6576 |
P-value | 0.0106 | |
SOX9 gene expression in Non-invasive tumors | Correlation | 0.2959 |
P-value | 0.1421 |