Skip to main content
Erschienen in: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 1/2019

25.09.2018 | Review

Update on laboratory diagnosis of amoebiasis

verfasst von: Syazwan Saidin, Nurulhasanah Othman, Rahmah Noordin

Erschienen in: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases | Ausgabe 1/2019

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Amoebiasis, an enteric protozoan disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica, is a public health problem in many developing countries, causing up to 100,000 fatal cases annually. Detection of the pathogenic E. histolytica and its differentiation from the non-pathogenic Entamoeba spp. play a crucial role in the clinical management of patients. Laboratory diagnosis of intestinal amoebiasis in developing countries still relies on labour-intensive and insensitive methods involving staining of stool sample and microscopy. Newer and more sensitive methods include a variety of antigen detection ELISAs and rapid tests; however, their diagnostic sensitivity and specificity seem to vary between studies, and some tests do not distinguish among the Entamoeba species. Molecular detection techniques are highly sensitive and specific and isothermal amplification approaches may be developed into field-applicable tests; however, cost is still a barrier for their use as a routine laboratory test method in most endemic areas. Laboratory diagnosis of extraintestinal amoebiasis faces challenges of lack of definitive detection of current infection and commercially available point-of-care tests. For both types of amoebiasis, there is still a need for highly sensitive and specific tests that are rapid and cost-effective for use in developing countries where the disease is prevalent. In recent years, new molecules of diagnostic value are being discovered and new tests developed. The advances in ‘omics’ technologies are enabling discoveries of new biomarkers that may help distinguish between different infection stages.
Literatur
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Collier P (2007) The bottom billion: why the poorest countries are failing and what can be done about it. Oxford University Press, United Kingdom Collier P (2007) The bottom billion: why the poorest countries are failing and what can be done about it. Oxford University Press, United Kingdom
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Fotedar R, Stark D, Beebe N, Marriott D, Ellis J, Harkness J (2007a) Laboratory diagnostic techniques for Entamoeba species. Clin Microbiol Rev 20:511–532CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Fotedar R, Stark D, Beebe N, Marriott D, Ellis J, Harkness J (2007a) Laboratory diagnostic techniques for Entamoeba species. Clin Microbiol Rev 20:511–532CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Stanley SL (2006) Vaccines for amoebiasis: barriers and opportunities. Parasitology 133:S81–S86CrossRefPubMed Stanley SL (2006) Vaccines for amoebiasis: barriers and opportunities. Parasitology 133:S81–S86CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Hung CC, Ji DD, Sun HY, Lee YT, Hsu SY, Chang SY, Wu CH, Chan YH, Hsiao CF, Liu WC, Colebunders R (2008) Increased risk for Entamoeba histolytica infection and invasive amebiasis in HIV seropositive men who have sex with men in Taiwan. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2:e175CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hung CC, Ji DD, Sun HY, Lee YT, Hsu SY, Chang SY, Wu CH, Chan YH, Hsiao CF, Liu WC, Colebunders R (2008) Increased risk for Entamoeba histolytica infection and invasive amebiasis in HIV seropositive men who have sex with men in Taiwan. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2:e175CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Rivero LR, Fernández FAN, Robertson LJ (2008) Cuban parasitology in review: a revolutionary triumph. Trends Parasitol 24:440–448CrossRefPubMed Rivero LR, Fernández FAN, Robertson LJ (2008) Cuban parasitology in review: a revolutionary triumph. Trends Parasitol 24:440–448CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Gathiram V, Jackson TF (1987) A longitudinal study of asymptomatic carriers of pathogenic zymodemes of Entamoeba histolytica. S Afr Med J 72:669–672PubMed Gathiram V, Jackson TF (1987) A longitudinal study of asymptomatic carriers of pathogenic zymodemes of Entamoeba histolytica. S Afr Med J 72:669–672PubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Caballero-Salcedo A, Viveros-Rogel M, Salvatierra B, Tapia-Conyer R, Sepulveda-Amor J, Gutierrez G, Ortiz-Ortiz L (1994) Seroepidemiology of amebiasis in Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50:412–419CrossRefPubMed Caballero-Salcedo A, Viveros-Rogel M, Salvatierra B, Tapia-Conyer R, Sepulveda-Amor J, Gutierrez G, Ortiz-Ortiz L (1994) Seroepidemiology of amebiasis in Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50:412–419CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Hughes MA, Petri WA (2000) Amebic liver abscess. Infect Dis Clin N Am 14:565–582CrossRef Hughes MA, Petri WA (2000) Amebic liver abscess. Infect Dis Clin N Am 14:565–582CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Garcia LS, Shimizu RY (1998) Evaluation of intestinal protozoan morphology in human fecal specimens preserved in EcoFix: comparison of Wheatley’s trichrome stain and EcoStain. Clin Microbiol 36:1974–1976 Garcia LS, Shimizu RY (1998) Evaluation of intestinal protozoan morphology in human fecal specimens preserved in EcoFix: comparison of Wheatley’s trichrome stain and EcoStain. Clin Microbiol 36:1974–1976
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Gonzalez-Ruiz A, Haque R, Aguirre A, Castanon G, Hall A, Guhl F, Ruiz-Palacios G, Miles MA, Warhurst DC (1994) Value of microscopy in the diagnosis of dysentery associated with invasive Entamoeba histolytica. J Clin Pathol 47:236–239CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Gonzalez-Ruiz A, Haque R, Aguirre A, Castanon G, Hall A, Guhl F, Ruiz-Palacios G, Miles MA, Warhurst DC (1994) Value of microscopy in the diagnosis of dysentery associated with invasive Entamoeba histolytica. J Clin Pathol 47:236–239CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Haque R, Neville LM, Hahn P, Petri WA (1995) Rapid diagnosis of Entamoeba infection by using Entamoeba and Entamoeba histolytica stool antigen detection kits. J Clin Microbiol 33:2558–2561PubMedPubMedCentral Haque R, Neville LM, Hahn P, Petri WA (1995) Rapid diagnosis of Entamoeba infection by using Entamoeba and Entamoeba histolytica stool antigen detection kits. J Clin Microbiol 33:2558–2561PubMedPubMedCentral
14.
Zurück zum Zitat World Health Organization (WHO) (1997) UNESCO report of a consultation of experts on amoebiasis. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 72:97–99 World Health Organization (WHO) (1997) UNESCO report of a consultation of experts on amoebiasis. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 72:97–99
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Haque R, Petri WA (2006) Diagnosis of amebiasis in Bangladesh. Arch Med Res 37:272–275CrossRef Haque R, Petri WA (2006) Diagnosis of amebiasis in Bangladesh. Arch Med Res 37:272–275CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Liang SY, Chan YH, Hsia KT, Lee JL, Kuo MC, Hwa KY, Chan CW, Chiang TY, Chen JS, Wu FT, Ji DD (2009) Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of Entamoeba histolytica. J Clin Microbiol 47:1892–1895CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Liang SY, Chan YH, Hsia KT, Lee JL, Kuo MC, Hwa KY, Chan CW, Chiang TY, Chen JS, Wu FT, Ji DD (2009) Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of Entamoeba histolytica. J Clin Microbiol 47:1892–1895CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
18.
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Freedman L, Maddison SE, Elsdon-Dew B (1958) Monoxenic cultures of Entamoeba histolytica derived from human liver abscesses. Afr J Med Med Sci 23:9–12 Freedman L, Maddison SE, Elsdon-Dew B (1958) Monoxenic cultures of Entamoeba histolytica derived from human liver abscesses. Afr J Med Med Sci 23:9–12
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang LT, Jen G, Cross JH (1973) Establishment of Entamoeba histolytica from liver abscess in monoxenic cultures with hemoflagellates. Am J Trop Med Hyg 22:30–32CrossRefPubMed Wang LT, Jen G, Cross JH (1973) Establishment of Entamoeba histolytica from liver abscess in monoxenic cultures with hemoflagellates. Am J Trop Med Hyg 22:30–32CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Sargeaunt PG, Jackson TF, Wiffen S, Bhojnani R, Williams JE, Felmingham D, Goldmeir D, Allason-Jones E, Mindel A, Phillips E (1987) The reliability of Entamoeba histolytica zymodemes in clinical laboratory diagnosis. Arch Invst Med 18:69–75 Sargeaunt PG, Jackson TF, Wiffen S, Bhojnani R, Williams JE, Felmingham D, Goldmeir D, Allason-Jones E, Mindel A, Phillips E (1987) The reliability of Entamoeba histolytica zymodemes in clinical laboratory diagnosis. Arch Invst Med 18:69–75
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Razmjou E, Haghighi A, Rezaian M, Kobayashi S, Nozaki T (2006) Genetic diversity of glucose phosphate isomerase from Entamoeba histolytica. Parasitol Int 55:307–311CrossRefPubMed Razmjou E, Haghighi A, Rezaian M, Kobayashi S, Nozaki T (2006) Genetic diversity of glucose phosphate isomerase from Entamoeba histolytica. Parasitol Int 55:307–311CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Jackson TF, Suparsad S (1996) Zymodeme stability of Entamoeba histolytica and E. dispar. Arc Med Res 28:304–305 Jackson TF, Suparsad S (1996) Zymodeme stability of Entamoeba histolytica and E. dispar. Arc Med Res 28:304–305
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Strachan WD, Spice WM, Chiodini PL, Moody AH, Ackers JP (1988) Immunological differentiation of pathogenic and non-pathogenic isolates of Entamoeba histolytica. Lancet 331:561–563CrossRef Strachan WD, Spice WM, Chiodini PL, Moody AH, Ackers JP (1988) Immunological differentiation of pathogenic and non-pathogenic isolates of Entamoeba histolytica. Lancet 331:561–563CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Haque R, Kress K, Wood S, Jackson TF, Lyerly D, Wilkins T, Petri WA (1993) Diagnosis of pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica infection using a stool ELISA based on monoclonal antibodies to the galactose-specific adhesin. J Infect Dis 167:247–249CrossRefPubMed Haque R, Kress K, Wood S, Jackson TF, Lyerly D, Wilkins T, Petri WA (1993) Diagnosis of pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica infection using a stool ELISA based on monoclonal antibodies to the galactose-specific adhesin. J Infect Dis 167:247–249CrossRefPubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Haque R, Faruque ASG, Hahn P, Lyerly DM, Petri WA (1997) Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar infection in children in Bangladesh. J Infec Dis 175:734–736CrossRef Haque R, Faruque ASG, Hahn P, Lyerly DM, Petri WA (1997) Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar infection in children in Bangladesh. J Infec Dis 175:734–736CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Haque R, Ali IKM, Akther S, Petri WA (1998a) Comparison of PCR, isoenzyme analysis, and antigen detection for diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica infection. J Clin Microbiol 36:449–452PubMedPubMedCentral Haque R, Ali IKM, Akther S, Petri WA (1998a) Comparison of PCR, isoenzyme analysis, and antigen detection for diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica infection. J Clin Microbiol 36:449–452PubMedPubMedCentral
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Haque R, Ali IKM, Clark CG, Petri WA (1998b) A case report of Entamoeba moshkovskii infection in a Bangladeshi child. Parasitol Int 47:201–202CrossRef Haque R, Ali IKM, Clark CG, Petri WA (1998b) A case report of Entamoeba moshkovskii infection in a Bangladeshi child. Parasitol Int 47:201–202CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Gatti S, Swierczynski G, Robinson F, Anselmi M, Corrales J, Moreira J, Montalvo G, Bruno A, Maserati R, Bisoffi Z, Scaglia M (2002) Amebic infections due to the Entamoeba histolytica-Entamoeba dispar complex: a study of the incidence in a remote rural area of Ecuador. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67:123–127CrossRefPubMed Gatti S, Swierczynski G, Robinson F, Anselmi M, Corrales J, Moreira J, Montalvo G, Bruno A, Maserati R, Bisoffi Z, Scaglia M (2002) Amebic infections due to the Entamoeba histolytica-Entamoeba dispar complex: a study of the incidence in a remote rural area of Ecuador. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67:123–127CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Roy S, Kabir M, Mondal D, Ali IKM, Petri WA, Haque R (2005) Real-time-PCR assay for diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica infection. J Clin Microbiol 43:2168–2172CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Roy S, Kabir M, Mondal D, Ali IKM, Petri WA, Haque R (2005) Real-time-PCR assay for diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica infection. J Clin Microbiol 43:2168–2172CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Visser LG, Verweij JJ, Van Esbroeck M, Edeling WM, Clerinx J, Polderman AM (2006) Diagnostic methods for differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar in carriers: performance and clinical implications in a non-endemic setting. Int J Med Microbiol 296:397–403CrossRefPubMed Visser LG, Verweij JJ, Van Esbroeck M, Edeling WM, Clerinx J, Polderman AM (2006) Diagnostic methods for differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar in carriers: performance and clinical implications in a non-endemic setting. Int J Med Microbiol 296:397–403CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Mohanty S, Sharma N, Deb M (2014) Microscopy versus enzyme linked immunosorbent assay test for detection of Entamoeba histolytica infection in stool samples. Trop Parasitol 4:136CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Mohanty S, Sharma N, Deb M (2014) Microscopy versus enzyme linked immunosorbent assay test for detection of Entamoeba histolytica infection in stool samples. Trop Parasitol 4:136CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Al-Basheer NM, Majeed IA, Jawad HM (2014) Evaluation of antigen-based enzyme immuno-assay in reference to direct microscopy for the diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica in stool samples. Al-Taqani 27:E54–E60 Al-Basheer NM, Majeed IA, Jawad HM (2014) Evaluation of antigen-based enzyme immuno-assay in reference to direct microscopy for the diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica in stool samples. Al-Taqani 27:E54–E60
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Akhtar T, Khan AG, Ahmed I, Nazli R, Haider J (2016) Prevalence of amoebiasis in a model research community and its confirmation using stool antigen elisa for Entamoeba histolytica. Pak J Pharm Sci 29:1587–1590PubMed Akhtar T, Khan AG, Ahmed I, Nazli R, Haider J (2016) Prevalence of amoebiasis in a model research community and its confirmation using stool antigen elisa for Entamoeba histolytica. Pak J Pharm Sci 29:1587–1590PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Ong SJ, Cheng MY, Liu KH, Horng CB (1996) Use of the ProSpecT® microplate enzyme immunoassay for the detection of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica in faecal specimens. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90:248–249CrossRefPubMed Ong SJ, Cheng MY, Liu KH, Horng CB (1996) Use of the ProSpecT® microplate enzyme immunoassay for the detection of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica in faecal specimens. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90:248–249CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Pillai DR, Kain KC (1999) Immunochromatographic strip-based detection of Entamoeba histolytica-E. dispar and Giardia lamblia coproantigen. J Clin Microbiol 37:3017–3019PubMedPubMedCentral Pillai DR, Kain KC (1999) Immunochromatographic strip-based detection of Entamoeba histolytica-E. dispar and Giardia lamblia coproantigen. J Clin Microbiol 37:3017–3019PubMedPubMedCentral
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Hira PR, Iqbal J, Al-Ali FAIZA, Philip R, Grover S, D'Almeida E, Al-Eneizi AA (2001) Invasive amebiasis: challenges in diagnosis in a nonendemic country (Kuwait). Am J Trop Med Hyg 65:341–345CrossRefPubMed Hira PR, Iqbal J, Al-Ali FAIZA, Philip R, Grover S, D'Almeida E, Al-Eneizi AA (2001) Invasive amebiasis: challenges in diagnosis in a nonendemic country (Kuwait). Am J Trop Med Hyg 65:341–345CrossRefPubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat van Hal SJ, Stark DJ, Fotedar R, Marriott D (2007) Amoebiasis: current status in Australia. Med J Aust 186:412PubMed van Hal SJ, Stark DJ, Fotedar R, Marriott D (2007) Amoebiasis: current status in Australia. Med J Aust 186:412PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat van Doorn HR, Hofwegen H, Koelewijn R, Gilis H, Peek R, Wetsteyn JC, van Genderen PJ, Vervoort T, van Gool T (2005) Use of rapid dipstick and latex agglutination tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of amebic liver abscess, amebic colitis, and Entamoeba histolytica cyst passage. J Clin Microbiol 43:4801–4806CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral van Doorn HR, Hofwegen H, Koelewijn R, Gilis H, Peek R, Wetsteyn JC, van Genderen PJ, Vervoort T, van Gool T (2005) Use of rapid dipstick and latex agglutination tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of amebic liver abscess, amebic colitis, and Entamoeba histolytica cyst passage. J Clin Microbiol 43:4801–4806CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Shenai BR, Komalam BL, Arvind AS, Krishnaswamy PR, Rao PV (1996) Recombinant antigen-based avidin-biotin microtiter enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of invasive amebiasis. J Clin Microbiol 34:828–833PubMedPubMedCentral Shenai BR, Komalam BL, Arvind AS, Krishnaswamy PR, Rao PV (1996) Recombinant antigen-based avidin-biotin microtiter enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of invasive amebiasis. J Clin Microbiol 34:828–833PubMedPubMedCentral
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Uslu H, Aktas O, Uyanik MH (2016) Comparison of various methods in the diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica in stool and serum specimens. Eur J Med 48:124 Uslu H, Aktas O, Uyanik MH (2016) Comparison of various methods in the diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica in stool and serum specimens. Eur J Med 48:124
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Knappik M, Börner U, Jelinek T (2005) Sensitivity and specificity of a new commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay kit for detecting Entamoeba histolytica IgG antibodies in serum samples. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 24:701–703CrossRefPubMed Knappik M, Börner U, Jelinek T (2005) Sensitivity and specificity of a new commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay kit for detecting Entamoeba histolytica IgG antibodies in serum samples. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 24:701–703CrossRefPubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Dhanalakshmi S, Meenachi C, Parija SC (2016) Indirect haemagglutination test in comparison with ELISA for detection of antibodies against invasive amoebiasis. J Clin Diagn Res 10:DC05–DC08PubMedPubMedCentral Dhanalakshmi S, Meenachi C, Parija SC (2016) Indirect haemagglutination test in comparison with ELISA for detection of antibodies against invasive amoebiasis. J Clin Diagn Res 10:DC05–DC08PubMedPubMedCentral
44.
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Garcia LS, Shimizu RY, Bernard CN (2000) Detection of Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar, and Cryptosporidium parvum antigens in human fecal specimens using the triage parasite panel enzyme immunoassay. J Clin Microbiol 38:3337–3340PubMedPubMedCentral Garcia LS, Shimizu RY, Bernard CN (2000) Detection of Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar, and Cryptosporidium parvum antigens in human fecal specimens using the triage parasite panel enzyme immunoassay. J Clin Microbiol 38:3337–3340PubMedPubMedCentral
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Sharp SE, Suarez CA, Duran Y, Poppiti RJ (2001) Evaluation of the triage micro parasite panel for detection of Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar, and Cryptosporidium parvum in patient stool specimens. J Clin Microbiol 39:332–334CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Sharp SE, Suarez CA, Duran Y, Poppiti RJ (2001) Evaluation of the triage micro parasite panel for detection of Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar, and Cryptosporidium parvum in patient stool specimens. J Clin Microbiol 39:332–334CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Gaafar MR (2011) Evaluation of enzyme immunoassay techniques for diagnosis of the most common intestinal protozoa in fecal samples. Int J Infect Dis 15(8):e541–e544CrossRefPubMed Gaafar MR (2011) Evaluation of enzyme immunoassay techniques for diagnosis of the most common intestinal protozoa in fecal samples. Int J Infect Dis 15(8):e541–e544CrossRefPubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Van den Bossche D, Cnops L, Verschueren J, Van Esbroeck M (2015) Comparison of four rapid diagnostic tests, ELISA, microscopy and PCR for the detection of Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium spp. and Entamoeba histolytica in feces. J Microbiol Methods 110:78–84CrossRefPubMed Van den Bossche D, Cnops L, Verschueren J, Van Esbroeck M (2015) Comparison of four rapid diagnostic tests, ELISA, microscopy and PCR for the detection of Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium spp. and Entamoeba histolytica in feces. J Microbiol Methods 110:78–84CrossRefPubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Goñi P, Martín B, Villacampa M, Garcia A, Seral C, Castillo FJ, Clavel A (2012) Evaluation of an immunochromatographic dip strip test for simultaneous detection of Cryptosporidium spp, Giardia duodenalis, and Entamoeba histolytica antigens in human faecal samples. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 31:2077–2082CrossRefPubMed Goñi P, Martín B, Villacampa M, Garcia A, Seral C, Castillo FJ, Clavel A (2012) Evaluation of an immunochromatographic dip strip test for simultaneous detection of Cryptosporidium spp, Giardia duodenalis, and Entamoeba histolytica antigens in human faecal samples. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 31:2077–2082CrossRefPubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Formenti F, Perandin F, Bonafini S, Degani M, Bisoffi Z (2015) Evaluation of the new ImmunoCard STAT!® CGE test for the diagnosis of Amebiasis. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 108:171–174CrossRefPubMed Formenti F, Perandin F, Bonafini S, Degani M, Bisoffi Z (2015) Evaluation of the new ImmunoCard STAT!® CGE test for the diagnosis of Amebiasis. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 108:171–174CrossRefPubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Ibrahim SS, El-Matarawy OM, Ghieth MA, Sarea EYA, El-Badry AA (2015) Copro prevalence and estimated risk of Entamoeba histolytica in diarrheic patients at Beni-Suef, Egypt. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 31:385–390CrossRefPubMed Ibrahim SS, El-Matarawy OM, Ghieth MA, Sarea EYA, El-Badry AA (2015) Copro prevalence and estimated risk of Entamoeba histolytica in diarrheic patients at Beni-Suef, Egypt. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 31:385–390CrossRefPubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Korpe PS, Stott BR, Nazib F, Kabir M, Haque R, Herbein JF, Petri WA (2012) Evaluation of a rapid point-of-care fecal antigen detection test for Entamoeba histolytica. Am J Trop Med Hyg 86:980–981CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Korpe PS, Stott BR, Nazib F, Kabir M, Haque R, Herbein JF, Petri WA (2012) Evaluation of a rapid point-of-care fecal antigen detection test for Entamoeba histolytica. Am J Trop Med Hyg 86:980–981CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Verkerke HP, Hanbury B, Siddique A, Samie A, Haque R, Herbein J, Petri WA (2015) Multisite clinical evaluation of a rapid test for Entamoeba histolytica in stool. J Clin Microbiol 53:493–497CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Verkerke HP, Hanbury B, Siddique A, Samie A, Haque R, Herbein J, Petri WA (2015) Multisite clinical evaluation of a rapid test for Entamoeba histolytica in stool. J Clin Microbiol 53:493–497CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Saidin S, Yunus MH, Othman N, Lim YAL, Mohamed Z, Zakaria NZ, Noordin R (2017) Development and initial evaluation of a lateral flow dipstick test for antigen detection of Entamoeba histolytica in stool sample. Pathog Glob Health 111:128–136CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Saidin S, Yunus MH, Othman N, Lim YAL, Mohamed Z, Zakaria NZ, Noordin R (2017) Development and initial evaluation of a lateral flow dipstick test for antigen detection of Entamoeba histolytica in stool sample. Pathog Glob Health 111:128–136CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Gonin P, Trudel L (2003) Detection and differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar isolates in clinical samples by PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Clin Microbiol 41:237–241CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Gonin P, Trudel L (2003) Detection and differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar isolates in clinical samples by PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Clin Microbiol 41:237–241CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Haque R, Mollah NU, Ali IKM, Alam K, Eubanks A, Lyerly D, Petri WA (2000) Diagnosis of amebic liver abscess and intestinal infection with the TechLab Entamoeba histolytica II antigen detection and antibody tests. J Clin Microbiol 38:3235–3239PubMedPubMedCentral Haque R, Mollah NU, Ali IKM, Alam K, Eubanks A, Lyerly D, Petri WA (2000) Diagnosis of amebic liver abscess and intestinal infection with the TechLab Entamoeba histolytica II antigen detection and antibody tests. J Clin Microbiol 38:3235–3239PubMedPubMedCentral
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Stark D, van Hal SJ, Matthews G, Harkness J, Marriott D (2008) Invasive amebiasis in men who have sex with men, Australia. Emerg Infect Dis 14:1141CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Stark D, van Hal SJ, Matthews G, Harkness J, Marriott D (2008) Invasive amebiasis in men who have sex with men, Australia. Emerg Infect Dis 14:1141CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Liang SY, Hsia KT, Chan YH, Fan CK, Jiang DDS, Landt O, Ji DD (2010) Evaluation of a new single-tube multiprobe real-time PCR for diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar. J Parasitol 96:793–797CrossRefPubMed Liang SY, Hsia KT, Chan YH, Fan CK, Jiang DDS, Landt O, Ji DD (2010) Evaluation of a new single-tube multiprobe real-time PCR for diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar. J Parasitol 96:793–797CrossRefPubMed
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Mirelman D, Nuchamowitz Y, Stolarsky T (1997) Comparison of use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based kits and PCR amplification of rRNA genes for simultaneous detection of Entamoeba histolytica and E. dispar. J Clin Microbiol 35:2405–2407PubMedPubMedCentral Mirelman D, Nuchamowitz Y, Stolarsky T (1997) Comparison of use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based kits and PCR amplification of rRNA genes for simultaneous detection of Entamoeba histolytica and E. dispar. J Clin Microbiol 35:2405–2407PubMedPubMedCentral
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Petri WA, Singh U (1999) Diagnosis and management of amebiasis. Clin Infect Dis 29:1117–1125CrossRefPubMed Petri WA, Singh U (1999) Diagnosis and management of amebiasis. Clin Infect Dis 29:1117–1125CrossRefPubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Abd-Alla MD, Jackson TF, Reddy S, Ravdin JI (2000) Diagnosis of invasive amebiasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of saliva to detect amebic lectin antigen and anti-lectin immunoglobulin G antibodies. J Clin Microbiol 38:2344–2347PubMedPubMedCentral Abd-Alla MD, Jackson TF, Reddy S, Ravdin JI (2000) Diagnosis of invasive amebiasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of saliva to detect amebic lectin antigen and anti-lectin immunoglobulin G antibodies. J Clin Microbiol 38:2344–2347PubMedPubMedCentral
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Gomes TDS, Garcia MC, Souza Cunha FD, Werneck de Macedo H, Peralta JM Peralta RHS (2014) Differential diagnosis of Entamoeba spp. in clinical stool samples using SYBR Green real-time polymerase chain reaction. Sci World J. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/645084 Gomes TDS, Garcia MC, Souza Cunha FD, Werneck de Macedo H, Peralta JM Peralta RHS (2014) Differential diagnosis of Entamoeba spp. in clinical stool samples using SYBR Green real-time polymerase chain reaction. Sci World J. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1155/​2014/​645084
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Haque R, Kabir M, Noor Z, Rahman SM, Mondal D, Alam F, Rahman I, Al Mahmood A, Ahmed N, Petri WA (2010) Diagnosis of amebic liver abscess and amebic colitis by detection of Entamoeba histolytica DNA in blood, urine, and saliva by a real-time PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol 48:2798–2801CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Haque R, Kabir M, Noor Z, Rahman SM, Mondal D, Alam F, Rahman I, Al Mahmood A, Ahmed N, Petri WA (2010) Diagnosis of amebic liver abscess and amebic colitis by detection of Entamoeba histolytica DNA in blood, urine, and saliva by a real-time PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol 48:2798–2801CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Khairnar K, Parija SC, Palaniappan R (2007) Diagnosis of intestinal amoebiasis by using nested polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. J Gastroenterol 42:631–640CrossRefPubMed Khairnar K, Parija SC, Palaniappan R (2007) Diagnosis of intestinal amoebiasis by using nested polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. J Gastroenterol 42:631–640CrossRefPubMed
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Calderaro A, Gorrini C, Bommezzadri S, Piccolo G, Dettori G, Chezzi C (2006) Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar: comparison of two PCR assays for diagnosis in a non-endemic setting. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 100:450–457CrossRefPubMed Calderaro A, Gorrini C, Bommezzadri S, Piccolo G, Dettori G, Chezzi C (2006) Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar: comparison of two PCR assays for diagnosis in a non-endemic setting. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 100:450–457CrossRefPubMed
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Blessmann J, Buss H, Nu PA, Dinh BT, Ngo QT, Le Van A, Alla MD, Jackson TF, Ravdin JI, Tannich E (2002) Real-time PCR for detection and differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar in fecal samples. J Clin Microbiol 40:4413–4417CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Blessmann J, Buss H, Nu PA, Dinh BT, Ngo QT, Le Van A, Alla MD, Jackson TF, Ravdin JI, Tannich E (2002) Real-time PCR for detection and differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar in fecal samples. J Clin Microbiol 40:4413–4417CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Shah PH, MacFarlane RC, Bhattacharya D, Matese JC, Demeter J, Stroup SE Singh U (2005) Comparative genomic hybridizations of Entamoeba strains reveal unique genetic fingerprints that correlate with virulence. Eukaryot Cell 4:504–515CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Shah PH, MacFarlane RC, Bhattacharya D, Matese JC, Demeter J, Stroup SE Singh U (2005) Comparative genomic hybridizations of Entamoeba strains reveal unique genetic fingerprints that correlate with virulence. Eukaryot Cell 4:504–515CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Zaman S, Khoo J, Ng SW, Ahmed R, Khan MA, Hussain R, Zaman V (2000) Direct amplification of Entamoeba histolytica DNA from amoebic liver abscess pus using polymerase chain reaction. J Parasitol Res 86:724–728CrossRef Zaman S, Khoo J, Ng SW, Ahmed R, Khan MA, Hussain R, Zaman V (2000) Direct amplification of Entamoeba histolytica DNA from amoebic liver abscess pus using polymerase chain reaction. J Parasitol Res 86:724–728CrossRef
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Zindrou S, Orozco E, Linder E, Téllez A, Björkman A (2001) Specific detection of Entamoeba histolytica DNA by hemolysin gene targeted PCR. Acta Trop 78:117–125CrossRefPubMed Zindrou S, Orozco E, Linder E, Téllez A, Björkman A (2001) Specific detection of Entamoeba histolytica DNA by hemolysin gene targeted PCR. Acta Trop 78:117–125CrossRefPubMed
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Hamzah Z, Petmitr S, Mungthin M, Leelayoova S, Chavalitshewinkoon-Petmitr P (2006) Differential detection of Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, and Entamoeba moshkovskii by a single-round PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol 44:3196–3200CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hamzah Z, Petmitr S, Mungthin M, Leelayoova S, Chavalitshewinkoon-Petmitr P (2006) Differential detection of Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, and Entamoeba moshkovskii by a single-round PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol 44:3196–3200CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Sri-Hidajati BS, Basuki S, Pusarawati S, Kusmartisnawati K, Rossyanti L, Sulistyowati SW, Kartikasari DP, Arwati H, Tantula I, Darma A, Handajani R (2018) Comparison of multiplex single round PCR and microscopy in diagnosis of amoebiasis. Afr J Infect Dis 12:120–126 Sri-Hidajati BS, Basuki S, Pusarawati S, Kusmartisnawati K, Rossyanti L, Sulistyowati SW, Kartikasari DP, Arwati H, Tantula I, Darma A, Handajani R (2018) Comparison of multiplex single round PCR and microscopy in diagnosis of amoebiasis. Afr J Infect Dis 12:120–126
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Ali IK, Hossain MB, Roy S, Ayeh-Kumi PF, Petri WA Jr, Haque R, Clark CG (2003) Entamoeba moshkovskii infections in children, Bangladesh. Emerg Infect Dis 9:580–584CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ali IK, Hossain MB, Roy S, Ayeh-Kumi PF, Petri WA Jr, Haque R, Clark CG (2003) Entamoeba moshkovskii infections in children, Bangladesh. Emerg Infect Dis 9:580–584CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Parija SC, Khairnar K (2005) Entamoeba moshkovskii and Entamoeba dispar-associated infections in Pondicherry, India. J Health Popul Nutr 23:292–295PubMed Parija SC, Khairnar K (2005) Entamoeba moshkovskii and Entamoeba dispar-associated infections in Pondicherry, India. J Health Popul Nutr 23:292–295PubMed
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Ngui R, Angal L, Fakhrurrazi SA, Lian YLA, Ling LY, Ibrahim J, Mahmud R (2012) Differentiating Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba moshkovskii using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in rural communities in Malaysia. Parasit Vectors 5:187CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ngui R, Angal L, Fakhrurrazi SA, Lian YLA, Ling LY, Ibrahim J, Mahmud R (2012) Differentiating Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba moshkovskii using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in rural communities in Malaysia. Parasit Vectors 5:187CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Lau YL, Anthony C, Fakhrurrazi SA, Ibrahim J, Ithoi I, Mahmud R (2013) Real-time PCR assay in differentiating Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, and Entamoeba moshkovskii infections in Orang Asli settlements in Malaysia. Parasit Vectors 6:250CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lau YL, Anthony C, Fakhrurrazi SA, Ibrahim J, Ithoi I, Mahmud R (2013) Real-time PCR assay in differentiating Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, and Entamoeba moshkovskii infections in Orang Asli settlements in Malaysia. Parasit Vectors 6:250CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
76.
Zurück zum Zitat López-López P, Martínez-López MC, Boldo-León XM, Hernández-Díaz Y, González-Castro TB, Tovilla-Zárate CA, Luna-Arias JP (2017) Detection and differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar in clinical samples through PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Braz J Med Biol Res. https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20175997 López-López P, Martínez-López MC, Boldo-León XM, Hernández-Díaz Y, González-Castro TB, Tovilla-Zárate CA, Luna-Arias JP (2017) Detection and differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar in clinical samples through PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Braz J Med Biol Res. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1590/​1414-431x20175997
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Fallah E, Shahbazi A, Yazdanjoii M, Rahimi-Esboei B (2014) Differential detection of Entamoeba histolytica from Entamoeba dispar by parasitological and nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction methods. J Anal Res Clin Med 2:27–32 Fallah E, Shahbazi A, Yazdanjoii M, Rahimi-Esboei B (2014) Differential detection of Entamoeba histolytica from Entamoeba dispar by parasitological and nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction methods. J Anal Res Clin Med 2:27–32
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Dawah IS, Inabo HI, Abdullahi IO, Machido AD (2016) Differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba moshkovskii from diarrhoeic stools using polymerase chain reaction in Kaduna, Nigeria. Int J Biomed Sci 5:61–66 Dawah IS, Inabo HI, Abdullahi IO, Machido AD (2016) Differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba moshkovskii from diarrhoeic stools using polymerase chain reaction in Kaduna, Nigeria. Int J Biomed Sci 5:61–66
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Al-Areeqi MA, Sady H, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Anuar TS, Al-Adhroey AH, Atroosh WM et al (2017) First molecular epidemiology of Entamoeba histolytica, E. dispar and E. moshkovskii infections in Yemen: different species-specific associated risk factors. Tropical Med Int Health 22:493–504CrossRef Al-Areeqi MA, Sady H, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Anuar TS, Al-Adhroey AH, Atroosh WM et al (2017) First molecular epidemiology of Entamoeba histolytica, E. dispar and E. moshkovskii infections in Yemen: different species-specific associated risk factors. Tropical Med Int Health 22:493–504CrossRef
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Qvarnstrom Y, James C, Xayavong M, Holloway BP, Visvesvara GS, Sriram R, da Silva AJ (2005) Comparison of real-time PCR protocols for differential laboratory diagnosis of amebiasis. J Clin Microbiol 43:5491–5497CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Qvarnstrom Y, James C, Xayavong M, Holloway BP, Visvesvara GS, Sriram R, da Silva AJ (2005) Comparison of real-time PCR protocols for differential laboratory diagnosis of amebiasis. J Clin Microbiol 43:5491–5497CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Verweij JJ, Blangé RA, Templeton K, Schinkel J, Brienen EA, van Rooyen MA, van Lieshout L, Polderman AM (2004) Simultaneous detection of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium parvum in fecal samples by using multiplex real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 42:1220–1223CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Verweij JJ, Blangé RA, Templeton K, Schinkel J, Brienen EA, van Rooyen MA, van Lieshout L, Polderman AM (2004) Simultaneous detection of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium parvum in fecal samples by using multiplex real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 42:1220–1223CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Roshdy MH, El-Kader NMA, Ali-Tammam M, Fuentes I, Mohamed MM, El-Sheikh NA, Rubio JM (2017) Molecular diagnosis of Entamoeba spp. versus microscopy in the Great Cairo. Acta Parasitol 62:188–191CrossRefPubMed Roshdy MH, El-Kader NMA, Ali-Tammam M, Fuentes I, Mohamed MM, El-Sheikh NA, Rubio JM (2017) Molecular diagnosis of Entamoeba spp. versus microscopy in the Great Cairo. Acta Parasitol 62:188–191CrossRefPubMed
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Nazeer JT, Khalifa KES, von Thien H, El-Sibaei MM, Abdel-Hamid MY, Tawfik RAS, Tannich E (2013) Use of multiplex real-time PCR for detection of common diarrhea causing protozoan parasites in Egypt. Parasitol Res 112:595–601CrossRefPubMed Nazeer JT, Khalifa KES, von Thien H, El-Sibaei MM, Abdel-Hamid MY, Tawfik RAS, Tannich E (2013) Use of multiplex real-time PCR for detection of common diarrhea causing protozoan parasites in Egypt. Parasitol Res 112:595–601CrossRefPubMed
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Ahmad N, Khan M, Hoque MI, Haque R, Mondol D (2007) Detection of Entamoeba histolytica DNA from liver abscess aspirate using polymerase chain reaction (PCR): a diagnostic tool for amoebic liver abscess. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 33:13-20PubMed Ahmad N, Khan M, Hoque MI, Haque R, Mondol D (2007) Detection of Entamoeba histolytica DNA from liver abscess aspirate using polymerase chain reaction (PCR): a diagnostic tool for amoebic liver abscess. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 33:13-20PubMed
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Aguayo-Patrón S, Castillo-Fimbres R, Quihui-Cota L, de la Barca AMC (2017) Use of real-time polymerase chain reaction to identify Entamoeba histolytica in schoolchildren from northwest Mexico. J Infect Dev Ctries 11:800–805CrossRefPubMed Aguayo-Patrón S, Castillo-Fimbres R, Quihui-Cota L, de la Barca AMC (2017) Use of real-time polymerase chain reaction to identify Entamoeba histolytica in schoolchildren from northwest Mexico. J Infect Dev Ctries 11:800–805CrossRefPubMed
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Hamzah Z, Petmitr S, Mungthin M, Leelayoova S, Chavalitshewinkoon-Petmitr P (2010) Development of multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, and Entamoeba moshkovskii in clinical specimens. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83:909–913CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hamzah Z, Petmitr S, Mungthin M, Leelayoova S, Chavalitshewinkoon-Petmitr P (2010) Development of multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, and Entamoeba moshkovskii in clinical specimens. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83:909–913CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Singh P, Mirdha BR, Ahuja V, Singh S (2013) Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid detection of Entamoeba histolytica in amoebic liver abscess. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 29:27–32CrossRefPubMed Singh P, Mirdha BR, Ahuja V, Singh S (2013) Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid detection of Entamoeba histolytica in amoebic liver abscess. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 29:27–32CrossRefPubMed
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Rivera WL, Ong VA (2013) Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of Entamoeba histolytica. Asian Pac J Trop Med 6:457–461CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Rivera WL, Ong VA (2013) Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of Entamoeba histolytica. Asian Pac J Trop Med 6:457–461CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Mwendwa F, Mbae CK, Kinyua J, Mulinge E, Mburugu GN, Njiru ZK (2017) Stem loop-mediated isothermal amplification test: comparative analysis with classical LAMP and PCR in detection of Entamoeba histolytica in Kenya. BMC Res Notes 10:142CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Mwendwa F, Mbae CK, Kinyua J, Mulinge E, Mburugu GN, Njiru ZK (2017) Stem loop-mediated isothermal amplification test: comparative analysis with classical LAMP and PCR in detection of Entamoeba histolytica in Kenya. BMC Res Notes 10:142CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Foo PC, Chan YY, Mohamed M, Wong WK, Najian AN, Lim BH (2017) Development of a thermostabilised triplex LAMP assay with dry-reagent four target lateral flow dipstick for detection of Entamoeba histolytica and non-pathogenic Entamoeba spp. Anal Chim Acta 966:71–80CrossRefPubMed Foo PC, Chan YY, Mohamed M, Wong WK, Najian AN, Lim BH (2017) Development of a thermostabilised triplex LAMP assay with dry-reagent four target lateral flow dipstick for detection of Entamoeba histolytica and non-pathogenic Entamoeba spp. Anal Chim Acta 966:71–80CrossRefPubMed
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Freitas MAR, Vianna EN, Martins AS, Silva EF, Pesquero JL, Gomes MA (2004) A single step duplex PCR to distinguish Entamoeba histolytica from Entamoeba dispar. Parasitology 128:625–628CrossRefPubMed Freitas MAR, Vianna EN, Martins AS, Silva EF, Pesquero JL, Gomes MA (2004) A single step duplex PCR to distinguish Entamoeba histolytica from Entamoeba dispar. Parasitology 128:625–628CrossRefPubMed
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Núñez YO, Fernández MA, Torres-Núñez D, Silva JA, Montano I, Maestre JL, Fonte L (2001) Multiplex polymerase chain reaction amplification and differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar DNA from stool samples. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64:93–297CrossRef Núñez YO, Fernández MA, Torres-Núñez D, Silva JA, Montano I, Maestre JL, Fonte L (2001) Multiplex polymerase chain reaction amplification and differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar DNA from stool samples. Am J Trop Med Hyg 64:93–297CrossRef
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Bhattacharya S, Som I, Bhattacharya A (1998) The ribosomal DNA plasmids of Entamoeba. Parasitol Today 14:181–185CrossRefPubMed Bhattacharya S, Som I, Bhattacharya A (1998) The ribosomal DNA plasmids of Entamoeba. Parasitol Today 14:181–185CrossRefPubMed
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Cruz-Reyes JA, Spice WM, Rehman T, Gisborne E, Ackers JP (1992) Ribosomal DNA sequences in the differentiation of pathogenic and non-pathogenic isolates of Entamoeba histolytica. Parasitology 104:239–246CrossRefPubMed Cruz-Reyes JA, Spice WM, Rehman T, Gisborne E, Ackers JP (1992) Ribosomal DNA sequences in the differentiation of pathogenic and non-pathogenic isolates of Entamoeba histolytica. Parasitology 104:239–246CrossRefPubMed
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Nath J, Ghosh SK, Singha B, Paul J (2015) Molecular epidemiology of amoebiasis: a cross-sectional study among North East Indian population. PLoS Neg Trop Dis 9:e0004225CrossRef Nath J, Ghosh SK, Singha B, Paul J (2015) Molecular epidemiology of amoebiasis: a cross-sectional study among North East Indian population. PLoS Neg Trop Dis 9:e0004225CrossRef
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Khairnar K, Parija SC (2007) A novel nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for differential detection of Entamoeba histolytica, E. moshkovskii and E. dispar DNA in stool samples. BMC Microbiol 7:1CrossRef Khairnar K, Parija SC (2007) A novel nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for differential detection of Entamoeba histolytica, E. moshkovskii and E. dispar DNA in stool samples. BMC Microbiol 7:1CrossRef
97.
Zurück zum Zitat ElBakri A, Samie A, Ezzedine S, Odeh RA (2013) Differential detection of Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba moshkovskii in fecal samples by nested PCR in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Acta Parasitol 58:185–190CrossRefPubMed ElBakri A, Samie A, Ezzedine S, Odeh RA (2013) Differential detection of Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba moshkovskii in fecal samples by nested PCR in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Acta Parasitol 58:185–190CrossRefPubMed
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Verweij JJ, Laeijendecker D, Brienen EA, van Lieshout L, Polderman AM (2003) Detection and identification of Entamoeba species in stool samples by a reverse line hybridization assay. J Clin Microbiol 41:5041–5045CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Verweij JJ, Laeijendecker D, Brienen EA, van Lieshout L, Polderman AM (2003) Detection and identification of Entamoeba species in stool samples by a reverse line hybridization assay. J Clin Microbiol 41:5041–5045CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Binnicker MJ (2015) Multiplex molecular panels for diagnosis of gastrointestinal infection: performance, result interpretation, and cost-effectiveness. J Clin Microbiol 53:3723–3728CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Binnicker MJ (2015) Multiplex molecular panels for diagnosis of gastrointestinal infection: performance, result interpretation, and cost-effectiveness. J Clin Microbiol 53:3723–3728CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Zboromyrska Y, Vila J (2016) Advanced PCR-based molecular diagnosis of gastrointestinal infections: challenges and opportunities. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 16:631–640CrossRefPubMed Zboromyrska Y, Vila J (2016) Advanced PCR-based molecular diagnosis of gastrointestinal infections: challenges and opportunities. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 16:631–640CrossRefPubMed
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Shakir JM (2015) Evaluation of multiplex real-time PCR for detection of three diarrhea causing intestinal protozoa. Med Sci 5:783–786 Shakir JM (2015) Evaluation of multiplex real-time PCR for detection of three diarrhea causing intestinal protozoa. Med Sci 5:783–786
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Weitzel T, Cabrera J, Rosas R, Noriega LM, Schiappacasse G, Vollrath V, Porte L (2017) Enteric multiplex PCR panels: a new diagnostic tool for amoebic liver abscess? New Microbes New Infect 18:50–53CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Weitzel T, Cabrera J, Rosas R, Noriega LM, Schiappacasse G, Vollrath V, Porte L (2017) Enteric multiplex PCR panels: a new diagnostic tool for amoebic liver abscess? New Microbes New Infect 18:50–53CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
103.
Zurück zum Zitat Navidad JF, Griswold DJ, Gradus MS, Bhattacharyya S (2013) Evaluation of Luminex xTAG® gastrointestinal pathogen analyte specific reagents for high-throughput, simultaneous detection of bacteria, viruses, and parasites of clinical and public health importance. J Clin Microbiol 51:3018–3024CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Navidad JF, Griswold DJ, Gradus MS, Bhattacharyya S (2013) Evaluation of Luminex xTAG® gastrointestinal pathogen analyte specific reagents for high-throughput, simultaneous detection of bacteria, viruses, and parasites of clinical and public health importance. J Clin Microbiol 51:3018–3024CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Morio F, Valot S, Laude A, Desoubeaux G, Argy N, Nourrisson C, Pomares C, Machouart M, Le Govic Y, Dalle F, Botterel F (2018) Evaluation of a new multiplex PCR assay (ParaGENIE G-Amoeba real-time PCR kit) targeting Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar/Entamoeba moshkovskii from stool specimens: evidence for the limited performances of microscopy-based approach for amoeba species identification. Clin Microbiol Infect. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2018.02.007 Morio F, Valot S, Laude A, Desoubeaux G, Argy N, Nourrisson C, Pomares C, Machouart M, Le Govic Y, Dalle F, Botterel F (2018) Evaluation of a new multiplex PCR assay (ParaGENIE G-Amoeba real-time PCR kit) targeting Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar/Entamoeba moshkovskii from stool specimens: evidence for the limited performances of microscopy-based approach for amoeba species identification. Clin Microbiol Infect. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​cmi.​2018.​02.​007
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Laude A, Valot S, Desoubeaux G, Argy N, Nourrisson C, Pomares C, Machouart M, Le Govic Y, Dalle F, Botterel F, Bourgeois N (2016) Is real-time PCR-based diagnosis similar in performance to routine parasitological examination for the identification of Giardia intestinalis, Cryptosporidium parvum/Cryptosporidium hominis and Entamoeba histolytica from stool samples? Evaluation of a new commercial multiplex PCR assay and literature review. Clin Microbiol Infect. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2015.10.019 Laude A, Valot S, Desoubeaux G, Argy N, Nourrisson C, Pomares C, Machouart M, Le Govic Y, Dalle F, Botterel F, Bourgeois N (2016) Is real-time PCR-based diagnosis similar in performance to routine parasitological examination for the identification of Giardia intestinalis, Cryptosporidium parvum/Cryptosporidium hominis and Entamoeba histolytica from stool samples? Evaluation of a new commercial multiplex PCR assay and literature review. Clin Microbiol Infect. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​cmi.​2015.​10.​019
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Parija SC, Mandal J, Ponnambath DK (2014) Laboratory methods of identification of Entamoeba histolytica and its differentiation from look-alike Entamoeba spp. Trop Parasitol 4:90CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Parija SC, Mandal J, Ponnambath DK (2014) Laboratory methods of identification of Entamoeba histolytica and its differentiation from look-alike Entamoeba spp. Trop Parasitol 4:90CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
107.
Zurück zum Zitat Notomi T, Okayama H, Masubuchi H, Yonekawa T, Watanabe K, Amino N, Hase T (2000) Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 28:e63–e63CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Notomi T, Okayama H, Masubuchi H, Yonekawa T, Watanabe K, Amino N, Hase T (2000) Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 28:e63–e63CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
108.
Zurück zum Zitat Fernández-Soto P, Arahuetes JG, Hernández AS, Abán JL, Santiago BV, Muro A (2014) A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for early detection of Schistosoma mansoni in stool samples: a diagnostic approach in a murine model. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8:e3126CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Fernández-Soto P, Arahuetes JG, Hernández AS, Abán JL, Santiago BV, Muro A (2014) A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for early detection of Schistosoma mansoni in stool samples: a diagnostic approach in a murine model. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8:e3126CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
109.
Zurück zum Zitat Banoo S, Bell D, Bossuyt P, Herring A, Mabey D, Poole F, Smith PG, Sriram N, Wongsrichanalai C, Linke R, O'brien R (2008) Evaluation of diagnostic tests for infectious diseases: general principles. Nat Rev Microbiol 8:S16–S28CrossRef Banoo S, Bell D, Bossuyt P, Herring A, Mabey D, Poole F, Smith PG, Sriram N, Wongsrichanalai C, Linke R, O'brien R (2008) Evaluation of diagnostic tests for infectious diseases: general principles. Nat Rev Microbiol 8:S16–S28CrossRef
110.
Zurück zum Zitat Chin CD, Chin SY, Laksanasopin T, Sia SK (2013) Low-cost micron- devices for point-of-care testing. In: Issadore D, Westervelt RM (eds) Point-of-care diagnostics on a Chip. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 3–21CrossRef Chin CD, Chin SY, Laksanasopin T, Sia SK (2013) Low-cost micron- devices for point-of-care testing. In: Issadore D, Westervelt RM (eds) Point-of-care diagnostics on a Chip. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 3–21CrossRef
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Peeling RW, Mabey D (2010) Point-of-care tests for diagnosing infections in the developing world. Clin Microbiol Infect 16:1062–1069CrossRefPubMed Peeling RW, Mabey D (2010) Point-of-care tests for diagnosing infections in the developing world. Clin Microbiol Infect 16:1062–1069CrossRefPubMed
112.
Zurück zum Zitat Leiva B, Lebbad M, Winiecka-Krusnell J, Altamirano I, Tellez A, Linder E (2006) Overdiagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar in Nicaragua: a microscopic, triage parasite panel and PCR study. Arch Med Res 37:529–534CrossRefPubMed Leiva B, Lebbad M, Winiecka-Krusnell J, Altamirano I, Tellez A, Linder E (2006) Overdiagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar in Nicaragua: a microscopic, triage parasite panel and PCR study. Arch Med Res 37:529–534CrossRefPubMed
113.
Zurück zum Zitat Leo M, Haque R, Kabir M, Roy S, Lahlou RM, Mondal D, Tannich E, Petri WA (2006) Evaluation of Entamoeba histolytica antigen and antibody point-of-care tests for the rapid diagnosis of amebiasis. J Clin Microbiol 44:4569–4571CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Leo M, Haque R, Kabir M, Roy S, Lahlou RM, Mondal D, Tannich E, Petri WA (2006) Evaluation of Entamoeba histolytica antigen and antibody point-of-care tests for the rapid diagnosis of amebiasis. J Clin Microbiol 44:4569–4571CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
114.
115.
Zurück zum Zitat Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL (2005) Harrison's principles of internal medicine. McGraw-Hill companies Inc, USA Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL (2005) Harrison's principles of internal medicine. McGraw-Hill companies Inc, USA
116.
Zurück zum Zitat Katzenstein D, Rickerson V, Braude A (1982) New concepts of amebic liver abscess derived from hepatic imaging, serodiagnosis, and hepatic enzymes in 67 consecutive cases in San Diego. Medicine 61:237–246CrossRefPubMed Katzenstein D, Rickerson V, Braude A (1982) New concepts of amebic liver abscess derived from hepatic imaging, serodiagnosis, and hepatic enzymes in 67 consecutive cases in San Diego. Medicine 61:237–246CrossRefPubMed
117.
Zurück zum Zitat Mathur S, Gehlot RS, Mohta A, Bhargava N (2002) Clinical profile of amoebic liver abscess. J Indian Acad Clin Med 3:367–373 Mathur S, Gehlot RS, Mohta A, Bhargava N (2002) Clinical profile of amoebic liver abscess. J Indian Acad Clin Med 3:367–373
118.
119.
Zurück zum Zitat Othman N, Mohamed Z, Verweij JJ, Huat LB, Olivos-García A, Yeng C, Noordin R (2010) Application of real-time polymerase chain reaction in detection of Entamoeba histolytica in pus aspirates of liver abscess patients. Foodborne Pathog Dis 7:637–641CrossRefPubMed Othman N, Mohamed Z, Verweij JJ, Huat LB, Olivos-García A, Yeng C, Noordin R (2010) Application of real-time polymerase chain reaction in detection of Entamoeba histolytica in pus aspirates of liver abscess patients. Foodborne Pathog Dis 7:637–641CrossRefPubMed
120.
Zurück zum Zitat Sifri CD, Madoff LC (2010) Infectious disease of the liver and biliary system. In: Mandell GL, Benett JE, Dolin R (eds) Principles and practice of infectious disease. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp 1035–1044 Sifri CD, Madoff LC (2010) Infectious disease of the liver and biliary system. In: Mandell GL, Benett JE, Dolin R (eds) Principles and practice of infectious disease. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp 1035–1044
121.
Zurück zum Zitat Parija SC, Khairnar K (2007) Detection of excretory Entamoeba histolytica DNA in the urine, and detection of E. histolytica DNA and lectin antigen in the liver abscess pus for the diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess. BMC Microbiol 7:41CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Parija SC, Khairnar K (2007) Detection of excretory Entamoeba histolytica DNA in the urine, and detection of E. histolytica DNA and lectin antigen in the liver abscess pus for the diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess. BMC Microbiol 7:41CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
122.
Zurück zum Zitat Bancroft JD, Gamble M (2002) Theory and practice of histological techniaques, 5th edn. Churchill Livingstone, China Bancroft JD, Gamble M (2002) Theory and practice of histological techniaques, 5th edn. Churchill Livingstone, China
123.
Zurück zum Zitat Rigothier MC, Khun H, Tavares P, Cardona A, Huerre M, Guillen N (2002) Fate of Entamoeba histolytica during establishment of amoebic liver abscess analyzed by quantitative radioimaging and histology. Infect Immun 70:3208–3215CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Rigothier MC, Khun H, Tavares P, Cardona A, Huerre M, Guillen N (2002) Fate of Entamoeba histolytica during establishment of amoebic liver abscess analyzed by quantitative radioimaging and histology. Infect Immun 70:3208–3215CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
124.
Zurück zum Zitat Ning TZ, Kin WW, Mustafa S, Ahmed A, Noordin R, Cheong TG, Huat LB (2012) Detection of Entamoeba histolytica in experimentally induced amoebic liver abscess: comparison of three staining methods. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2:61–65CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ning TZ, Kin WW, Mustafa S, Ahmed A, Noordin R, Cheong TG, Huat LB (2012) Detection of Entamoeba histolytica in experimentally induced amoebic liver abscess: comparison of three staining methods. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2:61–65CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
125.
Zurück zum Zitat Zengzhu G, Bracha R, Nuchamowitz Y, Cheng W, Mirelman D (1999) Analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and PCR of human liver abscess aspirates from patients in China for Entamoeba histolytica. J Clin Microbiol 37:3034–3036PubMedPubMedCentral Zengzhu G, Bracha R, Nuchamowitz Y, Cheng W, Mirelman D (1999) Analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and PCR of human liver abscess aspirates from patients in China for Entamoeba histolytica. J Clin Microbiol 37:3034–3036PubMedPubMedCentral
126.
Zurück zum Zitat Karki BM, Parija SC (1999) Co-agglutination test for the detection of circulating antigen in amebic liver abscess. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60:498–501CrossRefPubMed Karki BM, Parija SC (1999) Co-agglutination test for the detection of circulating antigen in amebic liver abscess. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60:498–501CrossRefPubMed
127.
Zurück zum Zitat Ravdin JI, Jackson TF, Petri WA Jr, Murphy CF, Ungar BL, Gathiram V, Skilogiannis J, Simjee AE (1990) Association of serum antibodies to adherence lectin with invasive amebiasis and asymptomatic infection with pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica. J Infect Dis 162:768–772CrossRefPubMed Ravdin JI, Jackson TF, Petri WA Jr, Murphy CF, Ungar BL, Gathiram V, Skilogiannis J, Simjee AE (1990) Association of serum antibodies to adherence lectin with invasive amebiasis and asymptomatic infection with pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica. J Infect Dis 162:768–772CrossRefPubMed
128.
Zurück zum Zitat Hung CC, Chen PJ, Hsieh SM, Wong JM, Fang CT, Chang SC, Chen MY (1999) Invasive amoebiasis: an emerging parasitic disease in patients infected with HIV in an area endemic for amoebic infection. Aids 13:2421–2428CrossRefPubMed Hung CC, Chen PJ, Hsieh SM, Wong JM, Fang CT, Chang SC, Chen MY (1999) Invasive amoebiasis: an emerging parasitic disease in patients infected with HIV in an area endemic for amoebic infection. Aids 13:2421–2428CrossRefPubMed
129.
Zurück zum Zitat del Carmen Sánchez-Guillén M, Velázquez-Rojas M, Salgado-Rosas H, Torres-Rasgado E, Pérez-Fuentes R, Martı́nez-Munguı́a J, Talamás-Rohana P (2000) Seroprevalence of anti-Entamoeba histolytica antibodies by IHA and ELISA assays in blood donors from Puebla, Mexico. Arch Med Res 31:S53–S54CrossRefPubMed del Carmen Sánchez-Guillén M, Velázquez-Rojas M, Salgado-Rosas H, Torres-Rasgado E, Pérez-Fuentes R, Martı́nez-Munguı́a J, Talamás-Rohana P (2000) Seroprevalence of anti-Entamoeba histolytica antibodies by IHA and ELISA assays in blood donors from Puebla, Mexico. Arch Med Res 31:S53–S54CrossRefPubMed
130.
Zurück zum Zitat Cross JH, Clarke MD, Cole WC, Lien JC, Partono F, Joesoef A, Oemijati S (1976) Parasitic infections in humans in West Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia. Trop Geogr Med 28:121–130PubMed Cross JH, Clarke MD, Cole WC, Lien JC, Partono F, Joesoef A, Oemijati S (1976) Parasitic infections in humans in West Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia. Trop Geogr Med 28:121–130PubMed
131.
Zurück zum Zitat Mohamed Z, Bachok NA, Hasan H (2009) Analysis of indirect hemagglutination assay results among patients with amoebic liver abscess. Int Med J 16:195–199 Mohamed Z, Bachok NA, Hasan H (2009) Analysis of indirect hemagglutination assay results among patients with amoebic liver abscess. Int Med J 16:195–199
132.
Zurück zum Zitat Garcia LS, Bruckner DA, Brewer TC, Shimizu RY (1982) Comparison of indirect fluorescent-antibody amoebic serology with counterimmunoelectrophoresis and indirect hemagglutination amoebic serologies. J Clin Microbiol 15:603-605PubMedPubMedCentral Garcia LS, Bruckner DA, Brewer TC, Shimizu RY (1982) Comparison of indirect fluorescent-antibody amoebic serology with counterimmunoelectrophoresis and indirect hemagglutination amoebic serologies. J Clin Microbiol 15:603-605PubMedPubMedCentral
133.
Zurück zum Zitat Shamsuzzaman SM, Haque R, Ruhul Hasin SK, Hashiguchi Y (2000) Evaluation of indirect fluorescent antibody test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of hepatic amebiasis in Bangladesh. J Parasitol 86:611-615CrossRefPubMed Shamsuzzaman SM, Haque R, Ruhul Hasin SK, Hashiguchi Y (2000) Evaluation of indirect fluorescent antibody test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of hepatic amebiasis in Bangladesh. J Parasitol 86:611-615CrossRefPubMed
134.
135.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang J, Kennedy MT (1979) Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the serodiagnosis of amebiasis. J Clin Microbiol 10:778-785PubMedPubMedCentral Yang J, Kennedy MT (1979) Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the serodiagnosis of amebiasis. J Clin Microbiol 10:778-785PubMedPubMedCentral
136.
Zurück zum Zitat Robert R, Mahaza C, Bernard C, Buffard C, Senet JM (1990) Evaluation of a new bicolored latex agglutination test for immunological diagnosis of hepatic amoebiasis. J Clin Microbiol 28:1422–1424 PubMedPubMedCentral Robert R, Mahaza C, Bernard C, Buffard C, Senet JM (1990) Evaluation of a new bicolored latex agglutination test for immunological diagnosis of hepatic amoebiasis. J Clin Microbiol 28:1422–1424 PubMedPubMedCentral
137.
Zurück zum Zitat Wong WK, Tan ZN, Othman N, Lim BH, Mohamed Z, Garcia AO, Noordin R (2011) Analysis of Entamoeba histolytica excretory-secretory antigen and identification of a new potential diagnostic marker. Clin Vaccine Immunol 18:1913–1917CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Wong WK, Tan ZN, Othman N, Lim BH, Mohamed Z, Garcia AO, Noordin R (2011) Analysis of Entamoeba histolytica excretory-secretory antigen and identification of a new potential diagnostic marker. Clin Vaccine Immunol 18:1913–1917CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
138.
Zurück zum Zitat Lotter H, Mannweiler E, Schreiber M, Tannich E (1992) Sensitive and specific serodiagnosis of invasive amebiasis by using a recombinant surface protein of pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica. J Clin Microbiol 30:3163–3167 PubMedPubMedCentral Lotter H, Mannweiler E, Schreiber M, Tannich E (1992) Sensitive and specific serodiagnosis of invasive amebiasis by using a recombinant surface protein of pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica. J Clin Microbiol 30:3163–3167 PubMedPubMedCentral
139.
Zurück zum Zitat Weinke T, Scherer W, Neuber U, Trautmann M (1989) Clinical features and management of amebic liver abscess. Experience from 29 patients. Klin Wochenschr 67:415–420 CrossRefPubMed Weinke T, Scherer W, Neuber U, Trautmann M (1989) Clinical features and management of amebic liver abscess. Experience from 29 patients. Klin Wochenschr 67:415–420 CrossRefPubMed
140.
Zurück zum Zitat Saidin S, Yunus MH, Zakaria ND, Razak KA, Huat LB, Othman N, Noordin R (2014) Production of recombinant Entamoeba histolytica pyruvate phosphate dikinase and its application in a lateral flow dipstick test for amoebic liver abscess. BMC Infect Dis 14:182 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Saidin S, Yunus MH, Zakaria ND, Razak KA, Huat LB, Othman N, Noordin R (2014) Production of recombinant Entamoeba histolytica pyruvate phosphate dikinase and its application in a lateral flow dipstick test for amoebic liver abscess. BMC Infect Dis 14:182 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
141.
Zurück zum Zitat Myung K, Burch D, Jackson TF, Stanley SL Jr (1991) Serodiagnosis of invasive amebiasis using a recombinant Entamoeba histolytica antigen-based ELISA. Arch Med Res 23:285–288 Myung K, Burch D, Jackson TF, Stanley SL Jr (1991) Serodiagnosis of invasive amebiasis using a recombinant Entamoeba histolytica antigen-based ELISA. Arch Med Res 23:285–288 
142.
Zurück zum Zitat Tachibana H, Cheng XJ, Masuda G, Horiki N, Takeuchi T (2004) Evaluation of recombinant fragments of Entamoeba histolytica Gal/GalNAc lectin intermediate subunit for serodiagnosis of amebiasis. J Clin Microbiol 42:1069–1074 Tachibana H, Cheng XJ, Masuda G, Horiki N, Takeuchi T (2004) Evaluation of recombinant fragments of Entamoeba histolytica Gal/GalNAc lectin intermediate subunit for serodiagnosis of amebiasis. J Clin Microbiol 42:1069–1074​
144.
Zurück zum Zitat Kimura A, Hara Y, Kimoto T, Okuno Y, Minekawa Y, Nakabayashi T (1996) Cloning and expression of a putative alcohol dehydrogenase gene of Entamoeba histolytica and its application to immunological examination. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 3:270–274 PubMedPubMedCentral Kimura A, Hara Y, Kimoto T, Okuno Y, Minekawa Y, Nakabayashi T (1996) Cloning and expression of a putative alcohol dehydrogenase gene of Entamoeba histolytica and its application to immunological examination. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 3:270–274 PubMedPubMedCentral
145.
Zurück zum Zitat Ning TZ, Kin WW, Noordin R, Cun ST, Chong FP, Mohamed Z, Olivos-Garcia A, Huat LB (2013) Evaluation of E ntamoeba histolytica recombinant phosphoglucomutase protein for serodiagnosis of amoebic liver abscess. BMC Infect Dis 13:144 Ning TZ, Kin WW, Noordin R, Cun ST, Chong FP, Mohamed Z, Olivos-Garcia A, Huat LB (2013) Evaluation of E ntamoeba histolytica recombinant phosphoglucomutase protein for serodiagnosis of amoebic liver abscess. BMC Infect Dis 13:144 
146.
Zurück zum Zitat Khan U, Mirdha BR, Samantaray JC, Sharma MP (2006) Detection of Entamoeba histolytica using polymerase chain reaction in pus samples from amebic liver abscess. Indian J Gastroenterol 25:55 Khan U, Mirdha BR, Samantaray JC, Sharma MP (2006) Detection of Entamoeba histolytica using polymerase chain reaction in pus samples from amebic liver abscess. Indian J Gastroenterol 25:55​
147.
Zurück zum Zitat Tachibana H, Kobayashi S, Okuzawa E, Masuda G (1992) Detection of pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica DNA in liver abscess fluid by polymerase chain reaction. Int J Parasitol 22:1193–1196CrossRefPubMed Tachibana H, Kobayashi S, Okuzawa E, Masuda G (1992) Detection of pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica DNA in liver abscess fluid by polymerase chain reaction. Int J Parasitol 22:1193–1196​CrossRefPubMed
148.
Zurück zum Zitat Morshed M, Cherian SS, Lo T, Lee MK, Wong Q, Hoang L (2017) Superiority of PCR against microscopy for diagnosing Entamoeba histolytica in liver abscess samples. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2:1–3 Morshed M, Cherian SS, Lo T, Lee MK, Wong Q, Hoang L (2017) Superiority of PCR against microscopy for diagnosing Entamoeba histolytica in liver abscess samples. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2:1–3
150.
Zurück zum Zitat Dhawan VK (2008) Current diagnosis and treatment of amebiasis. US Infect Dis 4:59–61 Dhawan VK (2008) Current diagnosis and treatment of amebiasis. US Infect Dis 4:59–61
151.
Zurück zum Zitat Tachibana H, Kakino A, Kazama M, Feng M, Asai S, Umezawa K, Nozaki T, Makiuchi T, Kamada T, Watanabe H, Horiki N (2018) Development of a sensitive immunochromatographic kit using fluorescent silica nanoparticles for rapid serodiagnosis of amebiasis. Parasitology 9:1–6 Tachibana H, Kakino A, Kazama M, Feng M, Asai S, Umezawa K, Nozaki T, Makiuchi T, Kamada T, Watanabe H, Horiki N (2018) Development of a sensitive immunochromatographic kit using fluorescent silica nanoparticles for rapid serodiagnosis of amebiasis. Parasitology 9:1–6
152.
153.
Zurück zum Zitat Luna-Nácar M, Navarrete-Perea J, Moguel B, Bobes RJ, Laclette JP, Carrero JC (2016) Proteomic study of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites, cysts, and cyst-like structures. PLoS One 11:e0156018CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Luna-Nácar M, Navarrete-Perea J, Moguel B, Bobes RJ, Laclette JP, Carrero JC (2016) Proteomic study of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites, cysts, and cyst-like structures. PLoS One 11:e0156018CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
154.
Zurück zum Zitat Ujang JA, Kwan SH, Ismail MN, Lim BH, Noordin R, Othman N (2016) Proteome analysis of excretory-secretory proteins of Entamoeba histolytica HM1: IMSS via LC–ESI–MS/MS and LC–MALDI–TOF/TOF. Clin Proteomics 13:33CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ujang JA, Kwan SH, Ismail MN, Lim BH, Noordin R, Othman N (2016) Proteome analysis of excretory-secretory proteins of Entamoeba histolytica HM1: IMSS via LC–ESI–MS/MS and LC–MALDI–TOF/TOF. Clin Proteomics 13:33CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
155.
Zurück zum Zitat Perdomo D, Aït-Ammar N, Syan S, Sachse M, Jhingan GD, Guillén N (2015) Cellular and proteomics analysis of the endomembrane system from the unicellular Entamoeba histolytica. J Proteome 112:125–140 Perdomo D, Aït-Ammar N, Syan S, Sachse M, Jhingan GD, Guillén N (2015) Cellular and proteomics analysis of the endomembrane system from the unicellular Entamoeba histolytica. J Proteome 112:125–140
157.
Zurück zum Zitat Okada M, Huston CD, Oue M, Mann BJ, Petri WA Jr, Kita K, Nozaki T (2006) Kinetics and strain variation of phagosome proteins of Entamoeba histolytica by proteomic analysis. Mol Biochem Parasitol 145:171–183CrossRefPubMed Okada M, Huston CD, Oue M, Mann BJ, Petri WA Jr, Kita K, Nozaki T (2006) Kinetics and strain variation of phagosome proteins of Entamoeba histolytica by proteomic analysis. Mol Biochem Parasitol 145:171–183CrossRefPubMed
158.
Zurück zum Zitat Leitsch D, Radauer C, Paschinger K, Wilson IB, Breiteneder H, Scheiner O, Duchêne M (2005) Entamoeba histolytica: analysis of the trophozoite proteome by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Exp Parasitol 110:191–195CrossRefPubMed Leitsch D, Radauer C, Paschinger K, Wilson IB, Breiteneder H, Scheiner O, Duchêne M (2005) Entamoeba histolytica: analysis of the trophozoite proteome by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Exp Parasitol 110:191–195CrossRefPubMed
159.
Zurück zum Zitat Davis PH, Chen M, Zhang X, Clark CG, Townsend RR, Stanley SL Jr (2009) Proteomic comparison of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar and the role of E. histolytica alcohol dehydrogenase 3 in virulence. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3:e415 Davis PH, Chen M, Zhang X, Clark CG, Townsend RR, Stanley SL Jr (2009) Proteomic comparison of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar and the role of E. histolytica alcohol dehydrogenase 3 in virulence. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3:e415
160.
Zurück zum Zitat Davis PH, ZhangX, Guo J, Townsend RR, Samuel L. Stanley, (2006) Comparative proteomic analysis of two Entamoeba histolytica strains with different virulence phenotypes identifies peroxiredoxin as an important component of amoebic virulence. Mol Microbiol 61:1523-1532 Davis PH, ZhangX, Guo J, Townsend RR, Samuel L. Stanley, (2006) Comparative proteomic analysis of two Entamoeba histolytica strains with different virulence phenotypes identifies peroxiredoxin as an important component of amoebic virulence. Mol Microbiol 61:1523-1532
Metadaten
Titel
Update on laboratory diagnosis of amoebiasis
verfasst von
Syazwan Saidin
Nurulhasanah Othman
Rahmah Noordin
Publikationsdatum
25.09.2018
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases / Ausgabe 1/2019
Print ISSN: 0934-9723
Elektronische ISSN: 1435-4373
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-018-3379-3

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 1/2019

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 1/2019 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.