Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Abdominal Radiology 11/2017

01.11.2017 | Pictorial essay

Updates for the radiologist in non-muscle-invasive, muscle-invasive, and metastatic bladder cancer

verfasst von: Jooae Choe, Marta Braschi-Amirfarzan, Sree Harsha Tirumani, Atul B. Shinagare, Kyung Won Kim, Nikhil H. Ramaiya, Katherine M. Krajewski

Erschienen in: Abdominal Radiology | Ausgabe 11/2017

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Urothelial bladder cancer is a common malignancy requiring a multidisciplinary approach to treatment. Significant recent advances have been made in terms of the genetic and molecular characterization of bladder cancer subtypes, and novel treatment approaches are being investigated and approved. Given the important role of imaging in the diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of this disease, it is necessary for radiologists to remain up-to-date in terms of nomenclature and standards of care. In this review, recent developments in bladder cancer characterization and treatment will be discussed, with reference to the contributions of imaging in non-muscle-invasive, muscle-invasive, and metastatic settings.
Literatur
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Mariani AJ, Mariani MC, Macchioni C, et al. (1989) The significance of adult hematuria: 1,000 hematuria evaluations including a risk-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis. J Urol 141:350–355CrossRefPubMed Mariani AJ, Mariani MC, Macchioni C, et al. (1989) The significance of adult hematuria: 1,000 hematuria evaluations including a risk-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis. J Urol 141:350–355CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Grossfeld GD, Litwin MS, Wolf JS, et al. (2001) Evaluation of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria in adults: the American Urological Association best practice policy—part I: definition, detection, prevalence, and etiology. Urology 57:599–603CrossRefPubMed Grossfeld GD, Litwin MS, Wolf JS, et al. (2001) Evaluation of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria in adults: the American Urological Association best practice policy—part I: definition, detection, prevalence, and etiology. Urology 57:599–603CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Wasco MJ, Daignault S, Zhang Y, et al. (2007) Urothelial carcinoma with divergent histologic differentiation (mixed histologic features) predicts the presence of locally advanced bladder cancer when detected at transurethral resection. Urology 70:69–74. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2007.03.033 CrossRefPubMed Wasco MJ, Daignault S, Zhang Y, et al. (2007) Urothelial carcinoma with divergent histologic differentiation (mixed histologic features) predicts the presence of locally advanced bladder cancer when detected at transurethral resection. Urology 70:69–74. doi:10.​1016/​j.​urology.​2007.​03.​033 CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Moch H, Humphrey PA, Ulbright TM, Reuter V (2016) WHO classification of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer Moch H, Humphrey PA, Ulbright TM, Reuter V (2016) WHO classification of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Wong-You-Cheong JJ, Woodward PJ, Manning MA, Sesterhenn IA (2006) From the archives of the AFIP: neoplasms of the urinary bladder: radiologic–pathologic correlation. Radiographics 26:553–580. doi:10.1148/rg.262055172 CrossRefPubMed Wong-You-Cheong JJ, Woodward PJ, Manning MA, Sesterhenn IA (2006) From the archives of the AFIP: neoplasms of the urinary bladder: radiologic–pathologic correlation. Radiographics 26:553–580. doi:10.​1148/​rg.​262055172 CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Saito W, Amanuma M, Tanaka J, Heshiki A (2000) Histopathological analysis of a bladder cancer stalk observed on MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 18:411–415CrossRefPubMed Saito W, Amanuma M, Tanaka J, Heshiki A (2000) Histopathological analysis of a bladder cancer stalk observed on MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 18:411–415CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat van Rhijn BW, Lurkin I, Radvanyi F, et al. (2001) The fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) mutation is a strong indicator of superficial bladder cancer with low recurrence rate. Cancer Res 61:1265–1268PubMed van Rhijn BW, Lurkin I, Radvanyi F, et al. (2001) The fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) mutation is a strong indicator of superficial bladder cancer with low recurrence rate. Cancer Res 61:1265–1268PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat See WA (2013) Commentary on “Carboplatin based induction chemotherapy for nonorgan confined bladder cancer—a reasonable alternative for cisplatin unfit patients?” Mertens LS, Meijer RP, Kerst JM, Bergman AM, van Tinteren H, van Rhijn BW, Horenblas S, Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands: J Urol 2012;188(4):1108–1113 (Epub 2012 Aug 15). Urol Oncol 31:716–717. doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.03.012 See WA (2013) Commentary on “Carboplatin based induction chemotherapy for nonorgan confined bladder cancer—a reasonable alternative for cisplatin unfit patients?” Mertens LS, Meijer RP, Kerst JM, Bergman AM, van Tinteren H, van Rhijn BW, Horenblas S, Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands: J Urol 2012;188(4):1108–1113 (Epub 2012 Aug 15). Urol Oncol 31:716–717. doi:10.​1016/​j.​urolonc.​2013.​03.​012
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Duenas M, Martinez-Fernandez M, Garcia-Escudero R, et al. (2015) PIK3CA gene alterations in bladder cancer are frequent and associate with reduced recurrence in non-muscle invasive tumors. Mol Carcinog 54:566–576. doi:10.1002/mc.22125 CrossRefPubMed Duenas M, Martinez-Fernandez M, Garcia-Escudero R, et al. (2015) PIK3CA gene alterations in bladder cancer are frequent and associate with reduced recurrence in non-muscle invasive tumors. Mol Carcinog 54:566–576. doi:10.​1002/​mc.​22125 CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Lindgren D, Frigyesi A, Gudjonsson S, et al. (2010) Combined gene expression and genomic profiling define two intrinsic molecular subtypes of urothelial carcinoma and gene signatures for molecular grading and outcome. Cancer Res 70:3463–3472. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-4213 CrossRefPubMed Lindgren D, Frigyesi A, Gudjonsson S, et al. (2010) Combined gene expression and genomic profiling define two intrinsic molecular subtypes of urothelial carcinoma and gene signatures for molecular grading and outcome. Cancer Res 70:3463–3472. doi:10.​1158/​0008-5472.​can-09-4213 CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat National Comprehensive Cancer Network. (2016) NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN guidelines) Bladder Cancer (version 2.2016) National Comprehensive Cancer Network. (2016) NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN guidelines) Bladder Cancer (version 2.2016)
27.
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Ma W, Kang SK, Hricak H, et al. (2009) Imaging appearance of granulomatous disease after intravesical Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) treatment of bladder carcinoma. Am J Roentgenol 192:1494–1500. doi:10.2214/AJR.08.1962 CrossRef Ma W, Kang SK, Hricak H, et al. (2009) Imaging appearance of granulomatous disease after intravesical Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) treatment of bladder carcinoma. Am J Roentgenol 192:1494–1500. doi:10.​2214/​AJR.​08.​1962 CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Takeuchi M, Sasaki S, Naiki T, et al. (2013) MR imaging of urinary bladder cancer for T-staging: a review and a pictorial essay of diffusion-weighted imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 38:1299–1309. doi:10.1002/jmri.24227 CrossRefPubMed Takeuchi M, Sasaki S, Naiki T, et al. (2013) MR imaging of urinary bladder cancer for T-staging: a review and a pictorial essay of diffusion-weighted imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 38:1299–1309. doi:10.​1002/​jmri.​24227 CrossRefPubMed
36.
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Paik ML, Scolieri MJ, Brown SL, et al. (2000) Limitations of computerized tomography in staging invasive bladder cancer before radical cystectomy. J Urol 163:1693–1696CrossRefPubMed Paik ML, Scolieri MJ, Brown SL, et al. (2000) Limitations of computerized tomography in staging invasive bladder cancer before radical cystectomy. J Urol 163:1693–1696CrossRefPubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Clark PE, Spiess PE, Agarwal N, et al. (2016) NCCN guidelines insights: bladder cancer, version 2.2016. J Natl Compr Cancer Netw 14:1213–1224CrossRef Clark PE, Spiess PE, Agarwal N, et al. (2016) NCCN guidelines insights: bladder cancer, version 2.2016. J Natl Compr Cancer Netw 14:1213–1224CrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Cognetti F, Ruggeri EM, Felici A, et al. (2012) Adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine versus chemotherapy at relapse in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer submitted to radical cystectomy: an Italian, multicenter, randomized phase III trial. Ann Oncol 23:695–700. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdr354 CrossRefPubMed Cognetti F, Ruggeri EM, Felici A, et al. (2012) Adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine versus chemotherapy at relapse in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer submitted to radical cystectomy: an Italian, multicenter, randomized phase III trial. Ann Oncol 23:695–700. doi:10.​1093/​annonc/​mdr354 CrossRefPubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Nishimura K, Fujiyama C, Nakashima K, et al. (2009) The effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemo-radiation therapy on MRI staging in invasive bladder cancer: comparative study based on the pathological examination of whole layer bladder wall. Int Urol Nephrol 41:869–875. doi:10.1007/s11255-009-9566-5 CrossRefPubMed Nishimura K, Fujiyama C, Nakashima K, et al. (2009) The effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemo-radiation therapy on MRI staging in invasive bladder cancer: comparative study based on the pathological examination of whole layer bladder wall. Int Urol Nephrol 41:869–875. doi:10.​1007/​s11255-009-9566-5 CrossRefPubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Choueiri TK, Jacobus S, Bellmunt J, et al. (2014) Neoadjuvant dose-dense methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin with pegfilgrastim support in muscle-invasive urothelial cancer: pathologic, radiologic, and biomarker correlates. J Clin Oncol 32:1889–1894. doi:10.1200/JCO.2013.52.4785 CrossRefPubMed Choueiri TK, Jacobus S, Bellmunt J, et al. (2014) Neoadjuvant dose-dense methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin with pegfilgrastim support in muscle-invasive urothelial cancer: pathologic, radiologic, and biomarker correlates. J Clin Oncol 32:1889–1894. doi:10.​1200/​JCO.​2013.​52.​4785 CrossRefPubMed
59.
Zurück zum Zitat American Cancer Society (2016) Cancer treatment & survivorship facts & figures 2016–2017. Atlanta: American Cancer Society American Cancer Society (2016) Cancer treatment & survivorship facts & figures 2016–2017. Atlanta: American Cancer Society
60.
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Sanderson KM, Cai J, Miranda G, et al. (2007) Upper tract urothelial recurrence following radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: an analysis of 1,069 patients with 10-year followup. J Urol 177:2088–2094. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2007.01.133 CrossRefPubMed Sanderson KM, Cai J, Miranda G, et al. (2007) Upper tract urothelial recurrence following radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: an analysis of 1,069 patients with 10-year followup. J Urol 177:2088–2094. doi:10.​1016/​j.​juro.​2007.​01.​133 CrossRefPubMed
63.
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Shinagare AB, Ramaiya NH, Jagannathan JP, et al. (2011) Metastatic pattern of bladder cancer: correlation with the characteristics of the primary tumor. AJR Am J Roentgenol 196:117–122. doi:10.2214/ajr.10.5036 CrossRefPubMed Shinagare AB, Ramaiya NH, Jagannathan JP, et al. (2011) Metastatic pattern of bladder cancer: correlation with the characteristics of the primary tumor. AJR Am J Roentgenol 196:117–122. doi:10.​2214/​ajr.​10.​5036 CrossRefPubMed
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Wallmeroth A, Wagner U, Moch H, et al. (1999) Patterns of metastasis in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (pT2-4): an autopsy study on 367 patients. Urol Int 62:69–75CrossRefPubMed Wallmeroth A, Wagner U, Moch H, et al. (1999) Patterns of metastasis in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (pT2-4): an autopsy study on 367 patients. Urol Int 62:69–75CrossRefPubMed
66.
Zurück zum Zitat von der Maase H, Sengelov L, Roberts JT, et al. (2005) Long-term survival results of a randomized trial comparing gemcitabine plus cisplatin, with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, plus cisplatin in patients with bladder cancer. J Clin Oncol 23:4602–4608. doi:10.1200/jco.2005.07.757 CrossRefPubMed von der Maase H, Sengelov L, Roberts JT, et al. (2005) Long-term survival results of a randomized trial comparing gemcitabine plus cisplatin, with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, plus cisplatin in patients with bladder cancer. J Clin Oncol 23:4602–4608. doi:10.​1200/​jco.​2005.​07.​757 CrossRefPubMed
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Rosenberg JE, Hoffman-Censits J, Powles T, et al. (2016) Atezolizumab in patients with locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma who have progressed following treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy: a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Lancet 387:1909–1920. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)00561-4 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Rosenberg JE, Hoffman-Censits J, Powles T, et al. (2016) Atezolizumab in patients with locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma who have progressed following treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy: a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Lancet 387:1909–1920. doi:10.​1016/​s0140-6736(16)00561-4 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Kwak JJ, Tirumani SH, Van den Abbeele AD, et al. (2015) Cancer immunotherapy: imaging assessment of novel treatment response patterns and immune-related adverse events. Radiographics 35:424–437. doi:10.1148/rg.352140121 CrossRefPubMed Kwak JJ, Tirumani SH, Van den Abbeele AD, et al. (2015) Cancer immunotherapy: imaging assessment of novel treatment response patterns and immune-related adverse events. Radiographics 35:424–437. doi:10.​1148/​rg.​352140121 CrossRefPubMed
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Bronstein Y, Ng CS, Hwu P, Hwu WJ (2011) Radiologic manifestations of immune-related adverse events in patients with metastatic melanoma undergoing anti-CTLA-4 antibody therapy. AJR Am J Roentgenol 197:W992–W1000. doi:10.2214/ajr.10.6198 CrossRefPubMed Bronstein Y, Ng CS, Hwu P, Hwu WJ (2011) Radiologic manifestations of immune-related adverse events in patients with metastatic melanoma undergoing anti-CTLA-4 antibody therapy. AJR Am J Roentgenol 197:W992–W1000. doi:10.​2214/​ajr.​10.​6198 CrossRefPubMed
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Balar A, Bellmunt J, O’Donnell PH, et al. (2016) Pembrolizumab (pembro) as first-line therapy for advanced/unresectable or metastatic urothelial cancer: preliminary results from the phase 2 KEYNOTE-052 study. Ann Oncol. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdw435.25 Balar A, Bellmunt J, O’Donnell PH, et al. (2016) Pembrolizumab (pembro) as first-line therapy for advanced/unresectable or metastatic urothelial cancer: preliminary results from the phase 2 KEYNOTE-052 study. Ann Oncol. doi:10.​1093/​annonc/​mdw435.​25
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Powles T, Huddart RA, Elliott T, et al. (2017) Phase III, double-blind, randomized trial that compared maintenance lapatinib versus placebo after first-line chemotherapy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor ½—positive metastatic bladder cancer. J Clin Oncol 35:48–55. doi:10.1200/JCO.2015.66.3468 CrossRefPubMed Powles T, Huddart RA, Elliott T, et al. (2017) Phase III, double-blind, randomized trial that compared maintenance lapatinib versus placebo after first-line chemotherapy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor ½—positive metastatic bladder cancer. J Clin Oncol 35:48–55. doi:10.​1200/​JCO.​2015.​66.​3468 CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Updates for the radiologist in non-muscle-invasive, muscle-invasive, and metastatic bladder cancer
verfasst von
Jooae Choe
Marta Braschi-Amirfarzan
Sree Harsha Tirumani
Atul B. Shinagare
Kyung Won Kim
Nikhil H. Ramaiya
Katherine M. Krajewski
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2017
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Abdominal Radiology / Ausgabe 11/2017
Print ISSN: 2366-004X
Elektronische ISSN: 2366-0058
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-017-1195-3

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 11/2017

Abdominal Radiology 11/2017 Zur Ausgabe

Classics in Abdominal Imaging

The football sign

Update Radiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.