Introduction
Methods
Samples and patients
Characteristic | Number of cases (%) (%) |
---|---|
Age (years) | |
<53 | 111 (52.1) |
≥53 | 102 (47.9) |
FIGO stage | |
I | 59 (27.7) |
II | 36 (16.9) |
III | 100 (46.9) |
IV | 18 (8.5) |
Histological type | |
Serous adenocarcinoma | 154 (72.3) |
Mucoid adenocarcinoma | 44 (20.7) |
Endometrial adenocarcinoma | 9 (4.2) |
Clear cell carcinoma | 6 (2.8) |
Lymph node metastasis | |
Absent | 173 (81.2) |
Present | 40 (18.8) |
Intraperitoneal metastasis | |
No | 110 (51.6) |
Yes | 103 (48.4) |
Expression of C14ORF166 | |
Low or none | 114 (53.5) |
High | 99 (46.5) |
Tumor recurrence | |
No | 121 (56.8) |
Yes | 92 (43.2) |
Vital status (at last follow-up) | |
Alive | 111 (52.1) |
Dead | 102 (47.9) |
Differentiation grade | |
G1/G2 | 128 (60. 1) |
G3 | 85 (39.9) |
Residual tumor size (cm) | |
≤1 | 150 (70.4) |
>1 | 63 (29.6) |
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy | |
No | 158 (74.2) |
Yes | 55 (25.8) |
Postoperative chemotherapy | |
No | 22 (10.3) |
Yes | 191 (89.7) |
HIPEC | |
No | 142 (66.7) |
Yes | 71 (33.3) |
Ascites see tumor cells (+) | |
No | 148 (69.5) |
Yes | 65 (30.5) |
Cytoreductive surgery | |
No | 71 (33.3) |
Yes | 142 (66.7) |
CA125 (U/ml) | |
≤35 | 14 (6.6) |
>35 | 197 (93.4) |
CA199 (U/ml) | |
≤35 | 55 (26.1) |
>35 | 156 (73.9) |
CA153 (U/ml) | |
≤25 | 82 (40.4) |
>25 | 121 (59.6) |
NSE (U/ml) | |
≤15.2 | 46 (31.5) |
>15.2 | 100 (68.5) |
CEA (U/ml) | |
≤5.0 | 67 (83.8) |
>5.0 | 13 (16.2) |
β-HCG (U/ml) | |
≤3.0 | 65 (71.4) |
> 3.0 | 26 (28.6) |
CA724 (U/ml) | |
≤5.3 | 5 (38.5) |
>5.3 | 8 (61.5) |
Cell lines
qRT-PCR analysis
Western blotting
IHC analysis
RNAi and transfection
Cell invasion assay
Wound-healing assay
Immunofluorescence analysis
Statistical analysis
Results
CEP55 is upregulated in ovarian cancer
CEP55 overexpression is associated with clinical features of ovarian cancer
Characteristics | Total | CEP55 | Chi-squared test
P value | Fisher’s exact test
P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No or weak expression | Moderate or strong expression | |||||
Age (years) | <53 | 111 | 59 (27.7) | 52 (24.4) | 0.911 | 1.000 |
≥53 | 102 | 55 (25.8) | 47 (22.1) | |||
FIGO stage | I | 59 | 56 (26.3) | 3 (1.4) | <0.001 | – |
II | 36 | 29 (13.6) | 7 (3.3) | |||
III | 100 | 27 (12.7) | 73 (34.3) | |||
IV | 18 | 2 (0.9) | 16 (7.5) | |||
Lymph node metastasis | Absent | 173 | 107 (50.2) | 66 (31.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Present | 40 | 7 (3.3) | 33 (15.5) | |||
Histological type | Serous cell carcinoma | 154 | 82 (38.5) | 72 (33.8) | 0.143 | – |
Mucous cell carcinoma | 44 | 20 (9.4) | 24 (11.3) | |||
Endometrial carcinoma | 9 | 7 (3.3) | 2 (0.9) | |||
Clear cell carcinoma | 6 | 5 (2.3) | 1 (0.5) | |||
Intraperitoneal metastasis | No | 110 | 83 (39.0) | 27 (12.7) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Yes | 103 | 31 (14.5) | 72 (33.8) | |||
Tumor recurrence | No | 121 | 105 (49.3) | 16 (7.5) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Yes | 92 | 9 (4.2) | 83 (39.0) | |||
Vital status (at last follow-up) | No | 111 | 95 (44.6) | 16 (7.5) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Yes | 102 | 19 (8.9) | 83 (39.0) | |||
Differentiation grade | G1/G2 | 128 | 82 (38.5) | 46 (21.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
G3 | 85 | 32 (15.0) | 53 (24.9) | |||
Residual tumor | ≤1 | 150 | 92 (43.2) | 58 (27.2) | <0.001 | 0.001 |
Size (cm) | >1 | 63 | 22 (10.3) | 41 (19.3) | ||
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy | No | 158 | 96 (45.1) | 62 (29.1) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Yes | 55 | 18 (8.4) | 37 (17.4) | |||
Postoperative chemotherapy | No | 22 | 11 (5.2) | 11 (5.2) | 0.727 | 0.823 |
Yes | 191 | 103 (48.3) | 88 (41.3) | |||
HIPEC | No | 142 | 78 (36.6) | 64 (30.1) | 0.560 | 0.564 |
Yes | 71 | 36 (16.9) | 35 (16.4) | |||
Ascites see tumor cells (+) | No | 148 | 87 (40.8) | 61 (28.6) | 0.020 | 0.025 |
Yes | 65 | 27 (12.7) | 38 (17.8) | |||
Cytoreductive surgery | No | 71 | 46 (21.6) | 24 (11.3) | 0.020 | 0.021 |
Yes | 142 | 68 (31.9) | 74 (34.7) | |||
CA125 (U/ml) | ≤35 | 14 | 10 (4.7) | 4 (1.9) | 0.165 | 0.267 |
>35 | 197 | 103 (48.8) | 94 (44.6) | |||
CA199 (U/ml) | ≤35 | 156 | 83 (39.3) | 73 (34.6) | 0.686 | 0.754 |
>35 | 55 | 31 (14.7) | 24 (11.4) | |||
CA153 (U/ml) | ≤25 | 82 | 59 (29.1) | 23 (11.3) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
>25 | 121 | 50 (24.6) | 71 (35.0) | |||
NSE (U/ml) | ≤15.2 | 46 | 27 (18.5) | 19 (13.0) | 0.387 | 0.475 |
>15.2 | 100 | 51 (34.9) | 49 (33.6) | |||
CEA (U/ml) | ≤5.0 | 67 | 41 (51.3) | 26 (32.5) | 0.621 | 0.759 |
>5.0 | 13 | 7 (8.7) | 6 (7.5) | |||
β-HCG (U/ml) | ≤3.0 | 65 | 35 (38.5) | 30 (33.0) | 0.315 | 0.356 |
>3.0 | 26 | 17 (18.7) | 9 (9.9) | |||
CA724 (U/ml) | ≤5.3 | 5 | 1 (7.7) | 4 (30.8) | 0.506 | 1.000 |
>5.3 | 8 | 3 (23.1) | 5 (38.5) |
Variable | CEP55 expression | |
---|---|---|
Association coefficient |
P value | |
FIGO Stage | 0.550 | <0.001 |
Lymph node metastasis | 0.328 | <0.001 |
Intraperitoneal metastasis | 0.414 | <0.001 |
Tumor recurrence | 0.607 | <0.001 |
Vital status (at last follow-up) | 0.557 | <0.001 |
Differentiation grade | 0.251 | <0.001 |
Residual tumor size (cm) | 0.235 | <0.001 |
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy | 0.239 | <0.001 |
Cytoreductive surgery | 0.158 | 0.020 |
Ascites see tumor cells (+) | 0.157 | 0.020 |
CA153 (U/ml) | 0.289 | <0.001 |
Survival analysis
Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. patients |
P
| Regression coefficient (SE) |
P
| Relative risk | 95 % confidence interval | |
Lymph node metastasis | ||||||
Absent | 173 | <0.001 | 4.297 (0.215) | <0.001 | 2.262 | 1.429–3.581 |
Present | 40 | |||||
FIGO stage | ||||||
I | 59 | <0.001 | 3.871 (0.135) | <0.001 | 3.151 | 2.179–4.558 |
II | 36 | |||||
III | 100 | |||||
IV | 18 | |||||
CEP55 | ||||||
Low expression | 114 | <0.001 | 11.729 (0.264) | 0.015 | 2.705 | 1.209–6.054 |
High expression | 99 | |||||
Recurrence | ||||||
No | 121 | <0.001 | 9.132 (0.242) | 0.003 | 4.419 | 1.659–11.768 |
Yes | 92 | |||||
Age (years) | ||||||
<53 | 111 | 0.036 | 1.520 (0.199) | <0.001 | 2.574 | 1.662–3.985 |
≥53 | 102 | |||||
Differentiation | ||||||
G1/G2 | 128 | 0.005 | 1.746 (0.199) | 0.822 | 0.953 | 0.624–1.455 |
G3 | 85 | |||||
Intraperitoneal metastasis | ||||||
No | 110 | <0.001 | 4.415 (0.223) | 0.003 | 2.023 | 1.262–3.243 |
Yes | 103 | |||||
CA153 (U/ml) | ||||||
<38 | 82 | <0.001 | 2.376 (0.231) | 0.368 | 0.793 | 0.479–1.314 |
>38 | 121 | |||||
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy | ||||||
No | 158 | 0.036 | 1.561 (0.212) | 0.011 | 0.555 | 0.352–0.873 |
Yes | 55 |