Background
Methods
Study population and outcomes
Ethics
Results
All | Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | P Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(N = 175) | ≤ 11.15 | 11.16–17.07 | 17.08–29.61 | ≥ 29.62 | ||
(N = 44) | (N = 44) | (N = 43) | (N = 44) | |||
Age | 65.4 ± 12.3 | 67.4 ± 14.1 | 66.9 ± 11.0 | 66.9 ± 9.64 | 61.1 ± 13.1 | 0.07 |
Male sex (n, %) | 120 (68.5) | 35 (79.6) | 31 (70.5) | 26 (60.5) | 28 (63.6) | 0.21 |
Body mass index | 23.6 ± 3.58 | 23.2 ± 3.82 | 23.7 ± 3.75 | 23.1 ± 3.64 | 24.2 ± 3.07 | 0.44 |
Diabetes mellitus (n, %) | 59 (33.7) | 15 (34.1) | 14 (32.6) | 18 (32.6) | 18 (40.9) | 0.60 |
Protein intake (g/day) | 36.8 ± 10.78 | 41.1 ± 13.7 | 35.0 ± 8.97 | 33.0 ± 9.00 | 37.9 ± 9.24 | 0.10 |
Cr (mg/dL) | 3.73 ± 2.22 | 1.70 ± 0.56 | 2.68 ± 1.01 | 3.83 ± 1.13 | 6.71 ± 1.70 | < 0.001 |
estimated GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 19.1 ± 13.5 | 35.3 ± 14.3 | 20.7 ± 7.34 | 13.0 ± 4.18 | 7.34 ± 2.77 | < 0.001 |
CKD stage G2 (n,%) | 4 (2.3) | 4 (9.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
G3a (n,%) | 4 (2.3) | 4 (9.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
G3b (n,%) | 26 (14.9) | 21 (47.7) | 5 (11.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
G4 (n,%) | 55 (31.4) | 13 (29.5) | 27 (61.4) | 13 (30.2) | 2 (45.5) | |
G5 (n, %) | 86 (49.1) | 2 (4.5) | 12 (27.3) | 30 (69.8) | 42 (95.5) | |
24-h-CCr (ml/min) | 24.7 ± 22.1 | 49.4 ± 28.7 | 24.7 ± 12.1 | 14.6 ± 5.93 | 9.83 ± 3.66 | < 0.001 |
Corrected Ca (mg/dL) | 9.41 ± 0.63 | 9.72 ± 0.44 | 9.57 ± 0.51 | 9.39 ± 0.51 | 8.96 ± 0.75 | < 0.001 |
Serum phosphorus (mg/dL) | 4.20 ± 1.07 | 3.50 ± 0.57 | 3.76 ± 0.58 | 4.19 ± 0.82 | 5.35 ± 1.14 | < 0.001 |
iPTH (pg/mL) | 139.0 ± 134.1 | 54.8 ± 27.8 | 95.7 ± 52.2 | 156.3 ± 114.3 | 261.5 ± 186.6 | < 0.001 |
1,25(OH)VitD (pg/mL) | 24.7 ± 22.1 | 36.9 ± 16.9 | 26.1 ± 10.9 | 22.0 ± 9.9 | 13.0 ± 6.1 | < 0.001 |
Urinary protein (g/day) | 2.15 ± 2.46 | 1.18 ± 1.98 | 1.86 ± 2.03 | 1.94 ± 1.93 | 3.63 ± 3.07 | < 0.001 |
Urinary phosphorus (mg/day) | 356 ± 158 | 393 ± 201 | 342 ± 163 | 310 ± 114 | 379 ± 129 | 0.06 |
Composite end point | ESKD | 50 % reduction of eGFR | |
---|---|---|---|
All | 90 | 50 | 40 |
Quartile 1 | 8 (8.9) | 1 (2.0) | 7 (17.5) |
Quartile 2 | 18 (20.0) | 5 (10.0) | 13 (32.5) |
Quartile 3 | 32 (35.6) | 14 (28.0) | 18 (45.0) |
Quartile 4 | 32 (35.6) | 30 (60.0) | 2 (5.0) |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95%CI) | P Value | HR (95%CI) | P Value | HR (95%CI) | P Value | |
Quartile 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
(reference) | (reference) | (reference) | ||||
Quartile 2 | 2.56 | 0.02 | 1.66 | 0.31 | 3.07 | 0.057 |
(1.15–6.24) | (0.63–4.97) | (0.97–11.85) | ||||
Quartile 3 | 7.53 | < 0.001 | 3.57 | 0.01 | 7.52 | 0.001 |
(3.63–17.62) | (1.25–11.71) | (2.13–32.69) | ||||
Quartile 4 | 12.17 | < 0.001 | 5.34 | 0.01 | 7.89 | 0.006 |
(5.82–28.64) | (1.41–22.32) | (1.74–44.33) |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95 % CI) | P Value | HR (95 % CI) | P Value | HR (95 % CI) | P Value | |
eGFR | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Quartile 1 | (reference) | (reference) | (reference) | |||
eGFR | 1.31 | 0.44 | 1.85 | 0.10 | 1.38 | 0.42 |
Quartile 2 | (0.65–2.72) | (0.87–4.04) | (0.63–3.17) | |||
eGFR | 2.52 | 0.004 | 2.74 | 0.01 | 2.37 | 0.03 |
Quartile 3 | (1.32–5.06) | (1.27–6.15) | (1.06–5.58) | |||
eGFR | 5.62 | < 0.001 | 3.98 | 0.005 | 2.58 | 0.05 |
Quartile 4 | (3.00–11.14) | (1.51–10.33) | (0.97–6.92) |