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Erschienen in: Allergo Journal 4/2020

24.06.2020 | Urtikaria | Übersicht

Hypersensitivity reactions to biologics (part I): allergy as an important differential diagnosis in complex immune-derived adverse events*

verfasst von: Askin Gülsen, Prof. Dr. med. Bettina Wedi, Prof. Dr. med. Uta Jappe

Erschienen in: Allergo Journal | Ausgabe 4/2020

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Abstract

Purpose: Biotechnological substances (BSs) are strongly relied upon to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, and to treat oncological, allergological, and other inflammatory diseases. Allergic reactions to partly foreign biologics can occur due to their potential immunogenicity. The severity of an immune response to a biological drug may range from no clinical significance to a severe, life-threatening anaphylactic reaction.
Methods: Detailed searches were performed on Pubmed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to include all available publications. In addition, the Food and Drug Administration, the European Medicines Agency, and British Columbia Cancer Agency Drug Manual databases were screened for hypersensitivity reaction (HSR), infusion reaction, injection site reaction, urticaria, and anaphylaxis for individual BSs.
Results: Treatment with BSs can cause various types of HSR. These are mentioned in the literature with definitions such as allergic reactions, anaphylactoid reactions, anaphylaxis, HSR, infusion reactions, injection site reactions, cytokine release syndrome, and urticaria. Due to the overlap in signs and symptoms in the reported descriptions, it is not always possible to differentiate these reactions properly according to their pathomechanism. Similarly, many data reported as anaphylaxis actually describe severe anaphylactic reactions (grades III or IV).
Conclusion: There is an urgent need for a simpler symptom- or system-based classification and scoring system to create an awareness for HSRs to BSs. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of HSRs and increased clinical experience in the treatment of side effects will provide timely control of unexpected reactions. As a result, immunotherapy with BSs will become safer in the future.
Cite this as Gülsen A, Wedi B, Jappe U. Hypersensitivity reactions to biologics (part I): allergy as an important differential diagnosis in complex immune-derived adverse events. Allergo J Int 2020; 29:97-125
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40629-020-00126-6
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Metadaten
Titel
Hypersensitivity reactions to biologics (part I): allergy as an important differential diagnosis in complex immune-derived adverse events*
verfasst von
Askin Gülsen
Prof. Dr. med. Bettina Wedi
Prof. Dr. med. Uta Jappe
Publikationsdatum
24.06.2020
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Allergo Journal / Ausgabe 4/2020
Print ISSN: 0941-8849
Elektronische ISSN: 2195-6405
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s15007-020-2550-1

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