Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current Breast Cancer Reports 4/2018

19.11.2018 | Systemic Therapies (M Liu and T Haddad, Section Editors)

Use of Multigene Prognostic Indices to Guide Clinical Decision-Making Regarding Adjuvant Systemic Therapy

verfasst von: Karthik V. Giridhar, Minetta C. Liu

Erschienen in: Current Breast Cancer Reports | Ausgabe 4/2018

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Several multigene assays have been developed to guide adjuvant therapy decisions for early-stage invasive breast cancer, including the 21-gene recurrence score, 70-gene assay, EndoPredict, PAM50 Risk of Recurrence, and Breast Cancer Index.

Recent Findings

Each assay has varying levels of evidence to support the analytical validity, clinical validity, and clinical utility in providing prognostic information complementary to conventional clinical characteristics. While each test is able to identify patients at low risk of distant recurrence, understanding the differences in development and studies used for clinical validation is important for guiding test selection for each unique patient.

Summary

We provide an in depth analysis on each of these commercially available multigene tests to help providers determine which test may be most useful in a particular clinical context.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat • Harris LN, Ismaila N, LM MS, Hayes DF. Use of biomarkers to guide decisions on adjuvant systemic therapy for women with early-stage invasive breast cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline summary. J Oncol Pract. 2016;12(4):384–9. The ASCO expert panel guidelines evaluating the role for biomarkers (beyond multigene biomarkers) to guide systemic therapy, including choice of systemic treatments. CrossRef • Harris LN, Ismaila N, LM MS, Hayes DF. Use of biomarkers to guide decisions on adjuvant systemic therapy for women with early-stage invasive breast cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline summary. J Oncol Pract. 2016;12(4):384–9. The ASCO expert panel guidelines evaluating the role for biomarkers (beyond multigene biomarkers) to guide systemic therapy, including choice of systemic treatments. CrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Paik S, Shak S, Tang G, Kim C, Baker J, Cronin M, et al. A multigene assay to predict recurrence of tamoxifen-treated, node-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(27):2817–26.CrossRef Paik S, Shak S, Tang G, Kim C, Baker J, Cronin M, et al. A multigene assay to predict recurrence of tamoxifen-treated, node-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(27):2817–26.CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Paik S, Tang G, Shak S, Kim C, Baker J, Kim W, et al. Gene expression and benefit of chemotherapy in women with node-negative, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(23):3726–34.CrossRef Paik S, Tang G, Shak S, Kim C, Baker J, Kim W, et al. Gene expression and benefit of chemotherapy in women with node-negative, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(23):3726–34.CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Albain KS, Barlow WE, Shak S, Hortobagyi GN, Livingston RB, Yeh I-T, et al. Prognostic and predictive value of the 21-gene recurrence score assay in postmenopausal women with node-positive, estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer on chemotherapy: a retrospective analysis of a randomized trial. LAncet Oncol. 2010;11(1):55–65.CrossRef Albain KS, Barlow WE, Shak S, Hortobagyi GN, Livingston RB, Yeh I-T, et al. Prognostic and predictive value of the 21-gene recurrence score assay in postmenopausal women with node-positive, estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer on chemotherapy: a retrospective analysis of a randomized trial. LAncet Oncol. 2010;11(1):55–65.CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Sparano JA, Gray RJ, Makower DF, Pritchard KI, Albain KS, Hayes DF, et al. Prospective validation of a 21-gene expression assay in breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(21):2005–14.CrossRef Sparano JA, Gray RJ, Makower DF, Pritchard KI, Albain KS, Hayes DF, et al. Prospective validation of a 21-gene expression assay in breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(21):2005–14.CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Gluz O, Nitz UA, Christgen M, Kates RE, Shak S, Clemens M, et al. West German Study Group Phase III PlanB Trial: first prospective outcome data for the 21-gene recurrence score assay and concordance of prognostic markers by central and local pathology assessment. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(20):2341–9.CrossRef Gluz O, Nitz UA, Christgen M, Kates RE, Shak S, Clemens M, et al. West German Study Group Phase III PlanB Trial: first prospective outcome data for the 21-gene recurrence score assay and concordance of prognostic markers by central and local pathology assessment. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(20):2341–9.CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Nitz U, Gluz O, Christgen M, Kates RE, Clemens M, Malter W, et al. Reducing chemotherapy use in clinically high-risk, genomically low-risk pN0 and pN1 early breast cancer patients: five-year data from the prospective, randomized phase 3 West German Study Group (WSG) PlanB trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2017;165(3):573–83.CrossRef Nitz U, Gluz O, Christgen M, Kates RE, Clemens M, Malter W, et al. Reducing chemotherapy use in clinically high-risk, genomically low-risk pN0 and pN1 early breast cancer patients: five-year data from the prospective, randomized phase 3 West German Study Group (WSG) PlanB trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2017;165(3):573–83.CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Sparano JA, Gray RJ, Makower DF, Pritchard KI, Albain KS, Hayes DF, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy guided by a 21-gene expression assay in breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018. The landmark prospective TAILORx study evaluated the clinical utility of the 21-gene recurrence score to guide the use of adjuvant treatment. This practice changing study demonstrated similar outcomes to chemotherapy and endocrine therapy in patients with recurrence score between 11-25 (though certain subsets in women ≤ 50 may gain some benefit from chemotherapy). •• Sparano JA, Gray RJ, Makower DF, Pritchard KI, Albain KS, Hayes DF, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy guided by a 21-gene expression assay in breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018. The landmark prospective TAILORx study evaluated the clinical utility of the 21-gene recurrence score to guide the use of adjuvant treatment. This practice changing study demonstrated similar outcomes to chemotherapy and endocrine therapy in patients with recurrence score between 11-25 (though certain subsets in women ≤ 50 may gain some benefit from chemotherapy).
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Petkov VI, Miller DP, Howlader N, Gliner N, Howe W, Schussler N, et al. Breast-cancer-specific mortality in patients treated based on the 21-gene assay: a SEER population-based study. NPJ Breast Cancer. 2016;2:16017.CrossRef Petkov VI, Miller DP, Howlader N, Gliner N, Howe W, Schussler N, et al. Breast-cancer-specific mortality in patients treated based on the 21-gene assay: a SEER population-based study. NPJ Breast Cancer. 2016;2:16017.CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Peethambaram PP, Hoskin TL, Day CN, Goetz MP, Habermann EB, Boughey JC. Use of 21-gene recurrence score assay to individualize adjuvant chemotherapy recommendations in ER+/HER2− node positive breast cancer—A National Cancer Database study. NPJ Breast Cancer. 2017;3(1):41.CrossRef Peethambaram PP, Hoskin TL, Day CN, Goetz MP, Habermann EB, Boughey JC. Use of 21-gene recurrence score assay to individualize adjuvant chemotherapy recommendations in ER+/HER2− node positive breast cancer—A National Cancer Database study. NPJ Breast Cancer. 2017;3(1):41.CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Van De Vijver MJ, He YD, van’t Veer LJ, Dai H, Hart AA, Voskuil DW, et al. A gene-expression signature as a predictor of survival in breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(25):1999–2009.CrossRef Van De Vijver MJ, He YD, van’t Veer LJ, Dai H, Hart AA, Voskuil DW, et al. A gene-expression signature as a predictor of survival in breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(25):1999–2009.CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Beumer I, Witteveen A, Delahaye L, Wehkamp D, Snel M, Dreezen C, et al. Equivalence of MammaPrint array types in clinical trials and diagnostics. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2016;156(2):279–87.CrossRef Beumer I, Witteveen A, Delahaye L, Wehkamp D, Snel M, Dreezen C, et al. Equivalence of MammaPrint array types in clinical trials and diagnostics. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2016;156(2):279–87.CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Bueno-de-Mesquita JM, van Harten WH, Retel VP, van’t Veer LJ, van Dam FS, Karsenberg K, et al. Use of 70-gene signature to predict prognosis of patients with node-negative breast cancer: a prospective community-based feasibility study (RASTER). Lancet Oncol. 2007;8(12):1079–87.CrossRef Bueno-de-Mesquita JM, van Harten WH, Retel VP, van’t Veer LJ, van Dam FS, Karsenberg K, et al. Use of 70-gene signature to predict prognosis of patients with node-negative breast cancer: a prospective community-based feasibility study (RASTER). Lancet Oncol. 2007;8(12):1079–87.CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Mook S, Schmidt MK, Viale G, Pruneri G, Eekhout I, Floore A, et al. The 70-gene prognosis-signature predicts disease outcome in breast cancer patients with 1–3 positive lymph nodes in an independent validation study. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009;116(2):295–302.CrossRef Mook S, Schmidt MK, Viale G, Pruneri G, Eekhout I, Floore A, et al. The 70-gene prognosis-signature predicts disease outcome in breast cancer patients with 1–3 positive lymph nodes in an independent validation study. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009;116(2):295–302.CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Knauer M, Mook S, Rutgers EJ, Bender RA, Hauptmann M, Van de Vijver MJ, et al. The predictive value of the 70-gene signature for adjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010;120(3):655–61.CrossRef Knauer M, Mook S, Rutgers EJ, Bender RA, Hauptmann M, Van de Vijver MJ, et al. The predictive value of the 70-gene signature for adjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010;120(3):655–61.CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Cardoso F, van’t Veer LJ, Bogaerts J, Slaets L, Viale G, Delaloge S, et al. 70-gene signature as an aid to treatment decisions in early-stage breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(8):717–29. The MINDACT study demonstrated the value of the 70-gene signature to spare chemotherapy in patients with clinical high-risk, genomic low risk early stage breast cancers with up to 3 positive lymph nodes. •• Cardoso F, van’t Veer LJ, Bogaerts J, Slaets L, Viale G, Delaloge S, et al. 70-gene signature as an aid to treatment decisions in early-stage breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(8):717–29. The MINDACT study demonstrated the value of the 70-gene signature to spare chemotherapy in patients with clinical high-risk, genomic low risk early stage breast cancers with up to 3 positive lymph nodes.
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Buyse M, Loi S, van’t Veer L, Viale G, Delorenzi M, Glas AM, et al. Validation and clinical utility of a 70-gene prognostic signature for women with node-negative breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006;98(17):1183–92.CrossRef Buyse M, Loi S, van’t Veer L, Viale G, Delorenzi M, Glas AM, et al. Validation and clinical utility of a 70-gene prognostic signature for women with node-negative breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006;98(17):1183–92.CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Drukker CA, Bueno-de-Mesquita J, Retèl VP, van Harten WH, van Tinteren H, Wesseling J, et al. A prospective evaluation of a breast cancer prognosis signature in the observational RASTER study. Int J Cancer. 2013;133(4):929–36.CrossRef Drukker CA, Bueno-de-Mesquita J, Retèl VP, van Harten WH, van Tinteren H, Wesseling J, et al. A prospective evaluation of a breast cancer prognosis signature in the observational RASTER study. Int J Cancer. 2013;133(4):929–36.CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Esserman LJ, Yau C, Thompson CK, van’t Veer LJ, Borowsky AD, Hoadley KA, et al. Use of molecular tools to identify patients with indolent breast cancers with ultralow risk over 2 decades. JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(11):1503–10.CrossRef Esserman LJ, Yau C, Thompson CK, van’t Veer LJ, Borowsky AD, Hoadley KA, et al. Use of molecular tools to identify patients with indolent breast cancers with ultralow risk over 2 decades. JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(11):1503–10.CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Park JW, Liu MC, Yee D, Yau C, van’t Veer LJ, Symmans WF, et al. Adaptive randomization of neratinib in early breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(1):11–22.CrossRef Park JW, Liu MC, Yee D, Yau C, van’t Veer LJ, Symmans WF, et al. Adaptive randomization of neratinib in early breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(1):11–22.CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Rugo HS, Olopade OI, DeMichele A, Yau C, van’t Veer LJ, Buxton MB, et al. Adaptive randomization of veliparib–carboplatin treatment in breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(1):23–34.CrossRef Rugo HS, Olopade OI, DeMichele A, Yau C, van’t Veer LJ, Buxton MB, et al. Adaptive randomization of veliparib–carboplatin treatment in breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(1):23–34.CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Filipits M, Rudas M, Jakesz R, Dubsky P, Fitzal F, Singer CF et al. A new molecular predictor of distant recurrence in ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer adds independent information to conventional clinical risk factors. Clin Cancer Res. 2011:clincanres. 0926.2011. Filipits M, Rudas M, Jakesz R, Dubsky P, Fitzal F, Singer CF et al. A new molecular predictor of distant recurrence in ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer adds independent information to conventional clinical risk factors. Clin Cancer Res. 2011:clincanres. 0926.2011.
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang Y, Schnabel CA, Schroeder BE, Jerevall P-L, Jankowitz RC, Fornander T et al. Breast cancer index identifies early stage ER+ breast cancer patients at risk for early and late distant recurrence. Clin Cancer Res. 2013:clincanres. 0804.2013. Zhang Y, Schnabel CA, Schroeder BE, Jerevall P-L, Jankowitz RC, Fornander T et al. Breast cancer index identifies early stage ER+ breast cancer patients at risk for early and late distant recurrence. Clin Cancer Res. 2013:clincanres. 0804.2013.
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Dowsett M, Sestak I, Lopez-Knowles E, Sidhu K, Dunbier AK, Cowens JW, et al. Comparison of PAM50 risk of recurrence score with onco type DX and IHC4 for predicting risk of distant recurrence after endocrine therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(22):2783–90.CrossRef Dowsett M, Sestak I, Lopez-Knowles E, Sidhu K, Dunbier AK, Cowens JW, et al. Comparison of PAM50 risk of recurrence score with onco type DX and IHC4 for predicting risk of distant recurrence after endocrine therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(22):2783–90.CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Sestak I, Buus R, Cuzick J, Dubsky P, Kronenwett R, Denkert C, et al. Comparison of the performance of 6 prognostic signatures for estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2018;4(4):545–53. This direct comparison of four multigene biomarker assays (21-gene assay, PAM-50 ROR, Breast Cancer Indiex, and EndoPredict) from the translational study of Anastrozole or Tamoxifen Alone or Combined (TransATAC) highlights the performance variation in predicting disease recurrence. CrossRef •• Sestak I, Buus R, Cuzick J, Dubsky P, Kronenwett R, Denkert C, et al. Comparison of the performance of 6 prognostic signatures for estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2018;4(4):545–53. This direct comparison of four multigene biomarker assays (21-gene assay, PAM-50 ROR, Breast Cancer Indiex, and EndoPredict) from the translational study of Anastrozole or Tamoxifen Alone or Combined (TransATAC) highlights the performance variation in predicting disease recurrence. CrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Gnant M, Filipits M, Greil R, Stoeger H, Rudas M, Bago-Horvath Z, et al. Predicting distant recurrence in receptor-positive breast cancer patients with limited clinicopathological risk: using the PAM50 Risk of Recurrence score in 1478 postmenopausal patients of the ABCSG-8 trial treated with adjuvant endocrine therapy alone. Ann Oncol. 2013;25(2):339–45.CrossRef Gnant M, Filipits M, Greil R, Stoeger H, Rudas M, Bago-Horvath Z, et al. Predicting distant recurrence in receptor-positive breast cancer patients with limited clinicopathological risk: using the PAM50 Risk of Recurrence score in 1478 postmenopausal patients of the ABCSG-8 trial treated with adjuvant endocrine therapy alone. Ann Oncol. 2013;25(2):339–45.CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Martin M, Brase JC, Calvo L, Krappmann K, Ruiz-Borrego M, Fisch K, et al. Clinical validation of the EndoPredict test in node-positive, chemotherapy-treated ER+/HER2− breast cancer patients: results from the GEICAM 9906 trial. Breast Cancer Res. 2014;16(2):R38.CrossRef Martin M, Brase JC, Calvo L, Krappmann K, Ruiz-Borrego M, Fisch K, et al. Clinical validation of the EndoPredict test in node-positive, chemotherapy-treated ER+/HER2− breast cancer patients: results from the GEICAM 9906 trial. Breast Cancer Res. 2014;16(2):R38.CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Buus R, Sestak I, Kronenwett R, Denkert C, Dubsky P, Krappmann K, et al. Comparison of EndoPredict and EPclin with oncotype DX recurrence score for prediction of risk of distant recurrence after endocrine therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2016;108(11):djw149.CrossRef Buus R, Sestak I, Kronenwett R, Denkert C, Dubsky P, Krappmann K, et al. Comparison of EndoPredict and EPclin with oncotype DX recurrence score for prediction of risk of distant recurrence after endocrine therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2016;108(11):djw149.CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Dubsky P, Brase J, Jakesz R, Rudas M, Singer C, Greil R, et al. The EndoPredict score provides prognostic information on late distant metastases in ER+/HER2− breast cancer patients. Br J Cancer. 2013;109(12):2959.CrossRef Dubsky P, Brase J, Jakesz R, Rudas M, Singer C, Greil R, et al. The EndoPredict score provides prognostic information on late distant metastases in ER+/HER2− breast cancer patients. Br J Cancer. 2013;109(12):2959.CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Nielsen T, Wallden B, Schaper C, Ferree S, Liu S, Gao D, et al. Analytical validation of the PAM50-based Prosigna Breast Cancer Prognostic Gene Signature Assay and nCounter Analysis System using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast tumor specimens. BMC Cancer. 2014;14(1):177.CrossRef Nielsen T, Wallden B, Schaper C, Ferree S, Liu S, Gao D, et al. Analytical validation of the PAM50-based Prosigna Breast Cancer Prognostic Gene Signature Assay and nCounter Analysis System using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast tumor specimens. BMC Cancer. 2014;14(1):177.CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Lænkholm A-V, Jensen M-B, Eriksen JO, Rasmussen BB, Knoop AS, Buckingham W, et al. PAM50 Risk of Recurrence score predicts 10-year distant recurrence in a comprehensive Danish cohort of postmenopausal women allocated to 5 years of endocrine therapy for hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(8):735–40.CrossRef Lænkholm A-V, Jensen M-B, Eriksen JO, Rasmussen BB, Knoop AS, Buckingham W, et al. PAM50 Risk of Recurrence score predicts 10-year distant recurrence in a comprehensive Danish cohort of postmenopausal women allocated to 5 years of endocrine therapy for hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(8):735–40.CrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Gnant M, Sestak I, Filipits M, Dowsett M, Balic M, Lopez-Knowles E, et al. Identifying clinically relevant prognostic subgroups of postmenopausal women with node-positive hormone receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer treated with endocrine therapy: a combined analysis of ABCSG-8 and ATAC using the PAM50 risk of recurrence score and intrinsic subtype. Ann Oncol. 2015;26(8):1685–91.CrossRef Gnant M, Sestak I, Filipits M, Dowsett M, Balic M, Lopez-Knowles E, et al. Identifying clinically relevant prognostic subgroups of postmenopausal women with node-positive hormone receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer treated with endocrine therapy: a combined analysis of ABCSG-8 and ATAC using the PAM50 risk of recurrence score and intrinsic subtype. Ann Oncol. 2015;26(8):1685–91.CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Filipits M, Nielsen TO, Rudas M, Greil R, Stöger H, Jakesz R, et al. The PAM50 risk-of-recurrence score predicts risk for late distant recurrence after endocrine therapy in postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive early breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2014. Filipits M, Nielsen TO, Rudas M, Greil R, Stöger H, Jakesz R, et al. The PAM50 risk-of-recurrence score predicts risk for late distant recurrence after endocrine therapy in postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive early breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2014.
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Ma X-J, Wang Z, Ryan PD, Isakoff SJ, Barmettler A, Fuller A, et al. A two-gene expression ratio predicts clinical outcome in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen. Cancer Cell. 2004;5(6):607–16.CrossRef Ma X-J, Wang Z, Ryan PD, Isakoff SJ, Barmettler A, Fuller A, et al. A two-gene expression ratio predicts clinical outcome in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen. Cancer Cell. 2004;5(6):607–16.CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Goetz MP, Suman VJ, Ingle JN, Nibbe AM, Visscher DW, Reynolds CA, et al. A two-gene expression ratio of homeobox 13 and interleukin-17B receptor for prediction of recurrence and survival in women receiving adjuvant tamoxifen. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12(7):2080–7.CrossRef Goetz MP, Suman VJ, Ingle JN, Nibbe AM, Visscher DW, Reynolds CA, et al. A two-gene expression ratio of homeobox 13 and interleukin-17B receptor for prediction of recurrence and survival in women receiving adjuvant tamoxifen. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12(7):2080–7.CrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang Y, Schroeder BE, Jerevall P-L, Ly A, Nolan H, Schnabel CA et al. A novel breast cancer index for prediction of distant recurrence in HR+ early-stage breast cancer with one to three positive nodes. Clin Cancer Res. 2017. Zhang Y, Schroeder BE, Jerevall P-L, Ly A, Nolan H, Schnabel CA et al. A novel breast cancer index for prediction of distant recurrence in HR+ early-stage breast cancer with one to three positive nodes. Clin Cancer Res. 2017.
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Sgroi DC, Carney E, Zarrella E, Steffel L, Binns SN, Finkelstein DM, et al. Prediction of late disease recurrence and extended adjuvant letrozole benefit by the HOXB13/IL17BR biomarker. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2013;105(14):1036–42.CrossRef Sgroi DC, Carney E, Zarrella E, Steffel L, Binns SN, Finkelstein DM, et al. Prediction of late disease recurrence and extended adjuvant letrozole benefit by the HOXB13/IL17BR biomarker. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2013;105(14):1036–42.CrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Bartlett J, Bayani J, Marshall A, Dunn JA, Campbell A, Cunningham C et al. Comparing breast cancer multiparameter tests in the OPTIMA prelim trial: no test is more equal than the others. J Natl Cancer Instit. 2016;108(9).CrossRef Bartlett J, Bayani J, Marshall A, Dunn JA, Campbell A, Cunningham C et al. Comparing breast cancer multiparameter tests in the OPTIMA prelim trial: no test is more equal than the others. J Natl Cancer Instit. 2016;108(9).CrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Kamal AH, Loprinzi CL, Reynolds C, Dueck AC, Geiger XJ, Ingle JN, et al. Breast medical oncologists’ use of standard prognostic factors to predict a 21-gene recurrence score. Oncologist. 2011;16(10):1359–66.CrossRef Kamal AH, Loprinzi CL, Reynolds C, Dueck AC, Geiger XJ, Ingle JN, et al. Breast medical oncologists’ use of standard prognostic factors to predict a 21-gene recurrence score. Oncologist. 2011;16(10):1359–66.CrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Carlson JJ, Roth JA. The impact of the Oncotype Dx breast cancer assay in clinical practice: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;141(1):13–22.CrossRef Carlson JJ, Roth JA. The impact of the Oncotype Dx breast cancer assay in clinical practice: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;141(1):13–22.CrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Skibinski A, Kuperwasser C. The origin of breast tumor heterogeneity. Oncogene. 2015;34(42):5309.CrossRef Skibinski A, Kuperwasser C. The origin of breast tumor heterogeneity. Oncogene. 2015;34(42):5309.CrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Krop I, Ismaila N, Stearns V. Use of biomarkers to guide decisions on adjuvant systemic therapy for women with early-stage invasive breast cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice focused update guideline summary. J Oncol Pract. 2017;13(11):763–6.CrossRef Krop I, Ismaila N, Stearns V. Use of biomarkers to guide decisions on adjuvant systemic therapy for women with early-stage invasive breast cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice focused update guideline summary. J Oncol Pract. 2017;13(11):763–6.CrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Duffy M, Harbeck N, Nap M, Molina R, Nicolini A, Senkus E, et al. Clinical use of biomarkers in breast cancer: updated guidelines from the European Group on Tumor Markers (EGTM). Eur J Cancer. 2017;75:284–98.CrossRef Duffy M, Harbeck N, Nap M, Molina R, Nicolini A, Senkus E, et al. Clinical use of biomarkers in breast cancer: updated guidelines from the European Group on Tumor Markers (EGTM). Eur J Cancer. 2017;75:284–98.CrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Gradishar WJ, Anderson BO, Balassanian R, Blair SL, Burstein HJ, Cyr A, et al. NCCN guidelines insights: breast cancer, version 1.2017. J Natl Compr Cancer Netw. 2017;15(4):433–51.CrossRef Gradishar WJ, Anderson BO, Balassanian R, Blair SL, Burstein HJ, Cyr A, et al. NCCN guidelines insights: breast cancer, version 1.2017. J Natl Compr Cancer Netw. 2017;15(4):433–51.CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Use of Multigene Prognostic Indices to Guide Clinical Decision-Making Regarding Adjuvant Systemic Therapy
verfasst von
Karthik V. Giridhar
Minetta C. Liu
Publikationsdatum
19.11.2018
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Breast Cancer Reports / Ausgabe 4/2018
Print ISSN: 1943-4588
Elektronische ISSN: 1943-4596
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12609-018-0297-4

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2018

Current Breast Cancer Reports 4/2018 Zur Ausgabe

Systemic Therapies (M Liu and T Haddad, Section Editors)

Optimizing HER2-Directed Therapy in Early-Stage Breast Cancer

Systemic Therapies (M Liu and T Haddad, Section Editors)

Bone-Modifying Agents in Early-Stage and Advanced Breast Cancer

Systemic Therapies (M Liu and T Haddad, Section Editors)

Novel Agents for the Management of Endocrine Resistant Breast Cancer

Risk and Prevention (ME Wood, Section Editor)

Non-hormonal Chemoprevention

Update Onkologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.