Background
Methods
Protocol
Doppler echocardiography and DSE
CRT implantation
Blood sampling and NT-pro BNP measurement
Statistical analysis
Results
Variables | All patients (n = 42) | Responders (n = 29, 69%) | Non-Responders (n = 13, 31%) | P Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic data
| ||||
Age, years | 66 ± 12 | 66 ± 11 | 66 ± 15 | 0.83 |
Male, n (%) | 30 (68) | 19 (65) | 10 (77) | 0.45 |
CAD, n (%) | 30 (68) | 18 (62) | 11 (85) | 0.13 |
Clinical data
| ||||
QRS duration, ms | 159 ± 28 | 162 ± 27 | 155 ± 30 | 0.51 |
LBBB, n (%) | 27 (61) | 19 (65) | 6 (46) | 0.24 |
RBBB, n (%) | 2 (4.5) | 2 (7) | 0 (0) | ... |
IVCD, n (%) | 8 (18) | 3 (10) | 5 (38) | 0.04 |
PR, ms | 180 ± 40 | 172 ± 32 | 195 ± 51 | 0.08 |
Pre-CRT pacing, n (%) | 7 (16) | 5 (17) | 2 (15) | 0.88 |
NYHA III/IV, n (%) | 31 (70)/13 (30) | 22 (76)/7 (24) | 7 (54)/6 (46) | 0.16 |
Medication
| ||||
Diuretic, n (%) | 41 (93) | 27 (93) | 12 (92) | 0.93 |
β-Blockers, n (%) | 41 (93) | 26 (90) | 13 (100) | 0.13 |
ACEi, n (%) | 31 (70) | 20 (69) | 10 (77) | 0.59 |
AR Blockers, n (%) | 13 (30) | 9 (32) | 3 (23) | 0.55 |
Digoxin, n (%) | 11 (25) | 5 (17) | 6 (46) | 0.06 |
Spironolactone, n (%) | 26 (59) | 15 (52) | 10 (77) | 0.12 |
NT-pro BNP at baseline and follow-up
Baseline and chronic changes in echocardiographic parameters
Variables | All patients (n = 42) | Responders (n = 29, 69%) | Non Responders (n = 13, 31%) | P Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
LV geometry and function
| ||||
LV end-systolic Volume, ml | ||||
Baseline | 177 ± 65 | 175 ± 64 | 189 ± 62 | 0.49 |
Late post-CRT | 155 ± 67 | 133 ± 57* | 198 ± 67 | 0.0017 |
LV end-diastolic Volume, ml | ||||
Baseline | 213 ± 69 | 209 ± 67 | 228 ± 67 | 0.40 |
Late post-CRT | 201 ± 73 | 181 ± 66* | 239 ± 72* | 0.01 |
LV stroke Volume, ml | ||||
Baseline | 42 ± 13 | 39 ± 10 | 50 ± 13 | 0.0048 |
Late post-CRT | 51 ± 11 | 51 ± 9* | 49 ± 14 | 0.65 |
LV ejection fraction, % | ||||
Baseline | 19 ± 7 | 18 ± 7 | 19 ± 7 | 0.75 |
Late post-CRT | 24 ± 9 | 27 ± 9* | 18 ± 6 | 0.0025 |
Wall Motion Score Index | ||||
Baseline rest | 3.5 ± 0.4 | 3.4 ± 0.4 | 3.6 ± 0.2 | 0.29 |
Baseline dobutamine | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 3 ± 0.4* | 3.3 ± 0.4* | 0.038 |
Contractile Reserve, n (%)
| 30 (71) | 24 (83) | 6 (46) | 0.02 |
Mitral Regurgitation
| ||||
Effective orifice Area, mm2
| ||||
Baseline | 18 ± 13 | 18 ± 12 | 17 ± 14 | 0.73 |
Late post-CRT | 10 ± 11 | 5 ± 5* | 19 ± 15 | < 0.0001 |
Regurgitant Volume, ml | ||||
Baseline | 29 ± 26 | 31 ± 29 | 25 ± 19 | 0.54 |
Late post-CRT | 17 ± 17 | 11 ± 13* | 29 ± 19 | 0.0009 |
Severe Mitral Regurgitation, n (%) | ||||
Baseline | 19 (45) | 12 (41) | 7 (54) | 0.45 |
Late post-CRT | 10 (61) | 2 (7)* | 8 (61) | 0.0005 |
Asynchronism
| ||||
Interventricular, ms | 46 ± 27 | 46 ± 30 | 45 ± 22 | 0.92 |
Intraventricular, ms | 85 ± 25 | 85 ± 25 | 85 ± 27 | 0.93 |