Background
Methods
Search Strategy
# | Searches | Results | # | Searches | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | electronic monitor*.mp. | 867 | 11 | exercis*.mp. [mp = title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] | 258198 |
2 | electronic track*.mp. [mp = title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] | 67 | 12 | 9 or 10 or 11 | 324327 |
3 | electronic activ* monitor*.mp. [mp = title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] | 29 | 13 | Adult/ | 3955752 |
4 | electronic activ* track*.mp. [mp = title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] | 0 | 14 | adult.mp. [mp = title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] | 4363657 |
5 | exp Biomedical Technology/ | 7520 | 15 | aged.mp. [mp = title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] | 4057312 |
6 | technology based.mp. [mp = title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] | 1374 | 16 | 13 or 14 or 15 | 6042511 |
7 | electronic feedback.mp. | 110 | 17 | 8 and 12 and 16 | 42 |
8 | 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 | 9941 | 18 | activity monitor.mp. | 853 |
9 | exp Exercise Therapy/ or physical activ*.mp. | 87737 | 19 | 8 or 18 | 10780 |
10 | exp Exercise/ | 119285 | 20 | 12 and 16 and 19 | 372 |
Study Selection
1 | Not a human study population |
2 | Included children or adolescents |
3 | PA not a study variable |
4 | Not experimental design |
5 | Interventions not aimed to change behavior |
6 | No activity monitor device given |
7 | Used pedometer to change behavior |
8 | Not in English |
9 | Described a study protocol/no results reported |
10 | Did not meet EAMS definition |
Quality Assessment
Data synthesis
Results
Study Characteristics
Study Outcomes
Ref # | Type of device | Intervention group | Control group | Trial length | Subjects |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
[30] | GRUVE (Gruve Solution™ MUVE, Inc., USA) | online EAMS | normal daily lifestyle patterns | 4 weeks | N = 33 (IG: n = 18, CG: n = 15) |
mean age (yr) IG: 29.0 ± 4.4 CG: 26.4 ± 3.0 | |||||
weight (kg) IG: 78.3 ± 20.6 CG: 77.7 ± 24.4 | |||||
[31] | ActivPAL | baseline period with device-- no feedback, given consultation/education on SB and device, asked to change behavior for 2 weeks (1 week with the device) | - | 24 days | N = 24 |
mean age (yr) 68 ± 6 | |||||
baseline BMI(kg/cm2) 26.2 ± 3.7 | |||||
[32] | Bluetooth Actiwatch (developed by research team), | Internet, email, and mobile phone system. The system provided feedback and motivation via email and/or text messages, and displayed activity level category | wore the EAMS device but did not receive feedback | 3 months | N = 77 (IG: n = 47, CG: n = 30) |
mean age (yr) IG: 40.5 ± 7.1 CG: 40.1 ± 7.7 weight (kg) IG: 75.1 ± 11.7 CG: 73.9 ± 10.2 | |||||
BMI(kg/cm2) IG: 26.2 ± 2.8 CG: 26.5 ± 4.1 | |||||
[33] | Sense Wear Armband (BodyMedia Fit; BodyMedia, Pittsburgh PA | TECH: behavioral lessons via mail, monthly telephone class with counselor, wore device with feedback, TECH + SBWL: behavioral lessons in person monthly (3 group, 1 in person), wore device with feedback | standard behavioral weight loss weekly meeting (3 group, 1 individual each month) | 6 months | N = 51 (SBWL:N = 17, TECH + SBWL:N = 17, TECH:N = 17) mean age (yr) SBWL: 45.1 ± 9.4 SBWL + TECH: 43.3 ± 9.1 TECH: 44.1 ± 8.1weight (kg) TECH: 92.3 ± 12.1 TECH + SBWL: 102.1 ± 17.5 SBWL: 88.6 ± 12.5 |
BMI(kg/cm2) TECH: 33.4 ± 6.3 TECH + SBWL: 34.7 ± 3.4 SBWL: 88.6 ± 12.5 | |||||
[34] | Sense Wear Pro Armband (BodyMedia, Pittsburgh, PA) | INT-TECH: received SBWP, wore device weeks 1,5,9, kept paper diaries during non-tech weeks CON-TECH: received SBWP, wore device for entire trial time | SBWP: 7 in-person individualized counseling sessions (weekly in mo. 1, twice in mo. 2, once in mo. 3) | 3 months | N = 57 (SBWP: N = 19, INT-TECH: N = 19, CON-TECH: N = 19) |
mean age (yr) SBWP: 40.2 ± 8.0 INT-TECH: 41.1 ± 8.3 CON-TECH: 42.6 ± 10 | |||||
weight (kg) SBWP: 89.1 ± 9.0 INT-TECH: 91.0 ± 8.8 CON-TECH: 86.6 ± 9.5 | |||||
BMI (kg/cm2)SBWP: 33.6 ± 2.7 INT-TECH: 33.4 ± 2.8 CON-TECH: 32.6 ± 2.7 | |||||
[35] | PAM (model AM 200, PAM BV, the Netherlands) | received feedback on baseline fitness and leaflet on PA information; PAM device and distance counseling | received feedback on baseline fitness and leaflet on PA information | 12- months | N = 544 (IG: N = 273, CG: N = 271) |
mean age IG: 43 ± 10 CG: 44 ± 10 | |||||
BMI(kg/cm2) IG: 25 ± 4 CG: 25 ± 4 | |||||
[36] | Sense Wear armband (BodyMedia, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA) | GWL: 14 sessions over 4 months, 6 telephone counseling sessions over the last 5 months SWA received armband and access to web account. GWL + SWA received both GWL and SWA intervention components | received self-directed weight loss manual | 9 months | N = 197 randomized (CG: N = 50, GWL: N = 49, SWA: N = 49, GWL + SWA: N = 49) |
mean age (yr) CG: 47.2 ± 8.9 GWL: 46.8 ± 12.4 SWA: 47.7 ± 11.6 GWL + SWA: 45.7 ± 10.4 | |||||
weight (kg) CG: 94.2 ± 18.2 GWL: 93.2 ± 18.9 SWA: 92.0 ± 21.0 GWA + SWA: 91.9 ± 15.7 | |||||
BMI(kg/cm2) CG: 33.7 ± 5.5 GWL: 33.1 ± 4.8 SWA: 33.2 ± 5.4 GWA + SWA: 33.0 ± 5.0 | |||||
[37] | PAM (model AM 101, PAM BV, the Netherlands) | PAM and web-based tailored advice | single written information brochure with general PA recommendations | 8 months (3 mo., 5 mo. follow-up) | N = 102 (IG: N = 51, CG: N = 51) |
mean age (yr) IG: 32.5 ± 3.4Ɨ CG: 31.2 ± 3.5 weight (kg) IG: 79.0 ± 15.6 CG: 76.5 ± 13.6 | |||||
BMI(kg/cm2) IG: 25.9 ± 4.5 CG: 24.4 ± 3.5 | |||||
[38] | MTx-W sensor (Xsens Technologies, Enschese, The Netherlands) | received activity coach (sensor and smart phone), received feedback for awareness and motivation, also received standard care | received standard care: medication and physiotherapy (group physiotherapy) | 1 month | N = 34 (IG: N = 18, CG: N = 16) |
mean age (yr) IG: 65.2 ± 9.2 CG: 67.9 ± 5.7 BMI IG: 28.4 ± 7.8 CG: 29.2 ± 4.7 | |||||
[39] | Fitbit (San Francisco, CA) | First 6 months received Fitbit with feedback and received counseling (face to face provided every 2 months). Last 6 months, wore Fitbit with feedback, no counseling | First 6 months wore Fitbit but didn't receive feedback or counseling. Last 6 month wore Fitbit with feedback and counseling | 12 months | N = 49 (IG: N = 25, CG: N = 24) |
mean age (yr) IG: 79.1 ± 8.0 CG: 79.8 ± 6.0 weight (kg) IG: 75.7 ± 13.4 CG: 81.0 ± 13.6 | |||||
[40] | Fitbit (San Francisco, CA) | given Fitbit activity monitor to wear with feedback | wore a Fitbit monitor but blinded to feedback | 3 months | N = 104 (IG: N = 52, CG: N = 52) |
mean age (yr) IG: 29 ± 0.4 CG: 29 ± 0.3 |
Quality assessment
Ref No. | [30] | [31] | [32] | [33] | [34] | [35] | [36] | [37] | [38] | [39] | [40] | No. of studies |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trial length 6 months or greater? | N | N | N | Y | N | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | 4 |
Were follow up assessments conducted? | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N | N | N | 1 |
Was the study sufficiently powered? | Y | N | N | N | N | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | 4 |
Was the retention rate 80 % or greater? | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | Y | Y | Y | 7 |
Was the assessor blinded? | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N | N | N | N | 1 |
Did participants self-monitor? | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 11 |
Did participants receive feedback? | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 11 |
Was there social support? | N | N | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | Y | N | N | 4 |
Was there a structured behavioral program? | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | N | N | Y | N | 6 |
Individually tailored program? | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 11 |
Total quality | MEDIUM | MEDIUM | MEDIUM | MEDIUM | MEDIUM | MEDIUM | HIGH | LOW | MEDIUM | MEDIUM | LOW |
EAMS features
PA and weight change
Ref # | Weight (kg) | BMI (kg/cm2) | SB (hours/day) | LPA (MET-min/week) | MPA (MET-min/week) | VPA (MET-min/week) | LTPA (MET-min/week) | Overall (MET-min/week | EE (kcals/week) | Walking (MET-min/week) | Steps (per day) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[30] | - | - | IG: −2.3* | IG: 2.5* | IG: 455* | IG: 442* | - | - | - | IG: 1057* | - |
(−1.28) | (1.35) | (1.26) | (0.67) | (1.95) | |||||||
CG: 0.5 | CG: − | CG: 12 | CG: 20 | CG: −54 | |||||||
(0.25) | 0.4 (−0.22) | (0.06) | (0.07) | (−0.23) | |||||||
d: −1.63
|
d:2.12
|
d: 1.28
|
d:0.96
|
d: 3.13
| |||||||
[31] | - | - | 0.98* | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1193* |
(−0.27) | (0.18) | ||||||||||
[32]a | - | - | IG: −5.9Ɨ | - | - | - | IG: 4.1Ɨ | IG: 12 | - | - | - |
CG: 1.4 | CG: −5.5 | CG: 4.0 | |||||||||
d: −3.11
|
d: 3.15
|
d: 2.22
| |||||||||
[33] | TECH1: | TECH1: | - | - | - | - | - | - | TECH1: | - | - |
−5.9* | −2.1 | 1066.2* | |||||||||
(−0.46) | (−0.52) | (1.20) | |||||||||
TECH+ | TECH+ | TECH+ | |||||||||
SBWL2: | SBWL2: | SBWL2: | |||||||||
−8.8* | −3.1 | 713.9* | |||||||||
(−0.50) | (−0.91) | (0.93) | |||||||||
SBWL:-3.7* | SBWL: −1.4 | SBWL: 473.9* | |||||||||
(−0.29) | (−0.38) | (0.691) | |||||||||
d
1
: 0.11
|
d
1
: −0.10
|
d
1
: 0.44
| |||||||||
d
2
: 0.55
|
d
2
: −0.03
|
d
2
: 0.61
| |||||||||
[34]a | SBWP:4.1* INT-TECH1: 3.4* CON-TECH2:6.2Ɨ | - | - | - | - | - | SBWP: 281*INT-TECH1: 1286.7* CON-TECH2: 1112.3 | - | |||
d
1
:-0.23
|
d
1
:0.46
| ||||||||||
d
2
:0.62
|
d
2
:0.74
| ||||||||||
[35] | IG: 1 CG: 0ad: −0.08 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6 mo1 IG: −88 | |||
(−0.06) | |||||||||||
CG:185 | |||||||||||
(0.11) | |||||||||||
12mo2 | |||||||||||
IG:-36 | |||||||||||
(−0.02) CG: 80 | |||||||||||
(0.05) | |||||||||||
d
1
:-0.24
| |||||||||||
d
2
: −0.17
| |||||||||||
[36] | 4 months | 4 months | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
CG: −0.99 | CG:-0.4 | ||||||||||
(−0.33) | (−0.43) | ||||||||||
GWL1: −1.1 | GWL1: −0.33 | ||||||||||
(−0.37) | (−0.36) | ||||||||||
SWA2: | SWA2: | ||||||||||
−2.67* | −0.9 | ||||||||||
(−0.90) | (−0.99) | ||||||||||
GWA+ | GWA+ | ||||||||||
SWA3: | SWA3: | ||||||||||
−3.49* | −1.26 | ||||||||||
(−1.17) | (−1.38) | ||||||||||
d
1
:-0.16
|
d
1
:0.10
| ||||||||||
d
2
:-0.92
|
d
2
: −0.32
| ||||||||||
d
3
:-1.46
|
d
3
:-1.08
| ||||||||||
9 months CG:-1.1 | 9 months CG: −0.36 | ||||||||||
(−0.30) | (−0.39) | ||||||||||
GWL1: | GWL1: | ||||||||||
−1.86* | −0.7 | ||||||||||
(−0.63) | (−0.77) | ||||||||||
SWA2: | SWA2: | ||||||||||
−3.55* | −1.17 | ||||||||||
(−1.20) | (−1.29) | ||||||||||
GWA+ | GWA+ | ||||||||||
SWA3: | SWA3: | ||||||||||
−6.59*Ɨ | −2.28 | ||||||||||
(−2.21) | (−2.49) | ||||||||||
d
1
:-0.44
|
d
1
:-0.34
| ||||||||||
d
2
:-1.23
|
d
2
:-0.65
| ||||||||||
d
3
:-2.51
|
d
3
:-2.20
| ||||||||||
[37]b | - | - | 3 months IG:10 CG: −905 8 months IG: −465 CG: −33 (min/week) | 3 months IG: 6 CG: −42 8 months IG: −130 CG: −127 (min/week) | 3 months IG: −15 CG:-30 8 months IG:30 CG:-30 (min/week) | 3 months IG: −90 CG: −7 8 months IG: −50 CG: −5 (min/week) | - | - | - | - | - |
[38]a | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | IG: −163 CG: −639
d: 1.08
|
[39]b | IG: −1.01* | - | - | - | - | - | - | IG: −217.8 activity counts CG: −583.68 activity counts | - | - | - |
CG:-0.99* | |||||||||||
[40]c | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | IG: 5967 CG: 5341 |