Introduction
Methods
Setting
Design
Analysis
EQUIST situational analysis
EQUIST scenario analysis
Result
Outcome of situational analysis
Country/Year | National Average Deaths/1000 live births | By Sub-National Region Deaths/1000 live births (Number of deaths) | By Resident Deaths/1000 live births (Number of deaths) | By Wealth Deaths/1000 live births (Number of deaths) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Highest | Lowest | Rural | Urban | Poorest | Richest | ||
Benin/2014 | 109 | Atlantique: 106(5495) | Littoral: 50(1263) | 122(20,864) | 94(15,196) | 126(8342) | 63(4636) |
Burkina-Faso/2010 | 114 | Sahel: 181(9573) | Centre-Est: 60(3121) | 120(58,279) | 80(11,748) | 134(17,071) | 74(7503) |
Ghana/2014 | 64 | Northern: 118(12,709) | Greater Accra: 50(5352) | 80(32,677) | 68(27,213) | 98(17,667) | 68(10,050) |
Mali/2013 | 123 | Sikasso: 156(16,253) | Bamako: 76(3086) | 146(58,505) | 83(17,856) | 145(18,040) | 79(8861) |
Nigeria/2013 | 117 | North West: 149(343,740) | South West: 72(26,126) | 134(492,003) | 80(241,110) | 153(235,760) | 59(82,647) |
Senegal/2014 | 50 | Diourbel: 86(5922) | Dakar: 38(3660) | 71(25,950) | 41(7938) | 85(11,328) | 26(2397) |
Country/Year | National Average Deaths/1000 live births | By Sub-National Region Deaths/1000 live births (Number of deaths) | By Resident Deaths/1000 live births (Number of deaths) | By Wealth Deaths/1000 live births (Number of deaths) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Highest | Lowest | Rural | Urban | Poorest | Richest | ||
Benin/2014 | 33 | Atlantique: 29(1493) | Littoral: 18(439) | 35(6011) | 31(4953) | 32(2332) | 27(2008) |
Burkina-Faso/2010 | 30 | Est: 46(2920) | Centre-Nord: 21(1129) | 31(15204) | 26(3796) | 29(3719) | 22(2220) |
Ghana/2014 | 29 | Ashanti: 42(6646) | Upper East: 24(544) | 29(11845) | 33(13154) | 32(5761) | 40(5888) |
Mali/2013 | 39 | Sikasso: 51(5303) | Bamako: 32(1314) | 44(17654) | 31(6759) | 45(5636) | 35(3909) |
Nigeria/2013 | 36 | North West: 42(96145) | South West: 30(16085) | 43(155964) | 33(98646) | 44(67185) | 29(40872) |
Senegal/2014 | 22 | Diourbel: 42(2897) | Ziguinchor: 18(599) | 28(10359) | 17(3326) | 28(3785) | 12(1158) |
Country/ Year | Situational description | Neonatal causes | Injuries | Malaria | Meningitis | Pneumonia (U5) | Diarrhoea (U5) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Benin/2014 | Atlantique | 1493 | 140 | 1225 | 52 | 657 | 852 |
Littoral | 439 | 34 | 242 | 11 | 132 | 150 | |
Rural | 6011 | 547 | 4409 | 184 | 2188 | 3327 | |
Urban | 4954 | 375 | 3041 | 132 | 1676 | 2140 | |
Poorest | 2332 | 237 | 2041 | 87 | 1072 | 1730 | |
Richest | 2008 | 104 | 831 | 33 | 446 | 423 | |
Burkina-Faso/2010 | Sahel | 1993 | 386 | 1997 | 352 | 2020 | 1480 |
Centre-Est | 958 | 177 | 689 | 73 | 346 | 369 | |
Rural | 15,205 | 2848 | 12,623 | 1560 | 9109 | 8054 | |
Urban | 3796 | 669 | 2574 | 349 | 1557 | 795 | |
Poorest | 3720 | 787 | 3836 | 481 | 2935 | 2723 | |
Richest | 2220 | 454 | 1449 | 258 | 1254 | 507 | |
Ghana/2014 | Northern | 2576 | 682 | 3854 | 312 | 1923 | 1639 |
Greater Accra | 2669 | 170 | 968 | 60 | 670 | 340 | |
Rural | 11,845 | 1622 | 6233 | 621 | 4718 | 3145 | |
Urban | 13,154 | 1080 | 5206 | 415 | 2838 | 1842 | |
Poorest | 5761 | 864 | 3815 | 344 | 2832 | 1898 | |
Richest | 5888 | 255 | 1927 | 88 | 830 | 446 | |
Mali/2013 | Sikasso | 5303 | 598 | 1635 | 235 | 1403 | 1254 |
Bamako | 1314 | 105 | 313 | 39 | 204 | 121 | |
Rural | 17,652 | 1944 | 5351 | 1014 | 7071 | 6037 | |
Urban | 6759 | 579 | 1620 | 298 | 1985 | 1041 | |
Poorest | 5636 | 590 | 1674 | 382 | 2114 | 1697 | |
Richest | 3910 | 286 | 792 | 157 | 774 | 249 | |
Nigeria/2013 | North-West | 96,134 | 17,204 | 80,319 | 12,322 | 58,954 | 28,739 |
South-West | 13,775 | 973 | 4438 | 616 | 2295 | 1512 | |
Rural | 155,975 | 49,628 | 101,344 | 15,527 | 76,233 | 57,657 | |
Urban | 98,638 | 11,857 | 50,686 | 7174 | 29,437 | 14,586 | |
Poorest | 61,186 | 10,668 | 51,099 | 7669 | 34,847 | 32,244 | |
Richest | 40,867 | 3566 | 15,654 | 2058 | 8215 | 3361 | |
Senegal/2014 | Diourbel | 2317 | 306 | 1094 | 84 | 843 | 457 |
Dakar | 1570 | 188 | 682 | 51 | 515 | 162 | |
Rural | 10,359 | 1340 | 4566 | 370 | 3358 | 2354 | |
Urban | 3327 | 416 | 1448 | 114 | 1113 | 416 | |
Poorest | 3785 | 565 | 1993 | 171 | 1654 | 1576 | |
Richest | 1158 | 113 | 420 | 29 | 321 | 67 |
Country/ Year | Situational description | Congenital | Tetanus | Prematurity | Asphyxia | Pneumonia | Sepsis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Benin/2014 | Atlantique | 96 | – | 519 | 414 | 244 | 98 |
Littoral | 28 | – | 148 | 118 | 81 | 31 | |
Rural | 396 | – | 2151 | 1746 | 859 | 357 | |
Urban | 305 | – | 1622 | 1290 | 977 | 367 | |
Poorest | 135 | – | 772 | 634 | 438 | 173 | |
Richest | 130 | – | 671 | 524 | 384 | 140 | |
Burkina-Faso/2010 | Est | 166 | 83 | 812 | 820 | 206 | 605 |
Centre(exc.Ouag) | 15 | 7 | 74 | 75 | 85 | 251 | |
Rural | 909 | 457 | 4457 | 4501 | 953 | 2800 | |
Urban | 239 | 120 | 1175 | 1186 | 203 | 627 | |
Poorest | 218 | 109 | 1073 | 1084 | 245 | 706 | |
Richest | 139 | 69 | 679 | 685 | 123 | 383 | |
Ghana/2014 | Ashanti | 695 | 245 | 2329 | 2120 | 180 | 555 |
Upper East | 52 | 20 | 192 | 159 | 22 | 61 | |
Rural | 1009 | 584 | 3680 | 3558 | 478 | 1826 | |
Urban | 1299 | 446 | 4771 | 3914 | 474 | 1327 | |
Poorest | 373 | 277 | 1503 | 1392 | 432 | 1516 | |
Richest | 620 | 168 | 2273 | 1822 | 135 | 428 | |
Mali/2013 | Sikasso | 249 | 176 | 1647 | 1566 | 304 | 874 |
Kidal | 7 | 8 | 53 | 53 | 2 | 5 | |
Rural | 589 | 537 | 4510 | 3892 | 1519 | 5291 | |
Urban | 311 | 184 | 1828 | 1735 | 490 | 1525 | |
Poorest | 231 | 207 | 1722 | 1584 | 364 | 1069 | |
Richest | 224 | 109 | 1220 | 1227 | 183 | 590 | |
Nigeria/2013 | North-West | 4644 | 4714 | 32,048 | 29,044 | 4621 | 14,464 |
South-West | 927 | 256 | 4669 | 4957 | 493 | 1234 | |
Rural | 7364 | 6338 | 49,314 | 45,540 | 9269 | 27,478 | |
Urban | 5937 | 2219 | 33,432 | 33,222 | 4198 | 11,514 | |
Poorest | 3117 | 3657 | 21,804 | 19,751 | 3534 | 10,771 | |
Richest | 2914 | 619 | 14,065 | 15,276 | 1197 | 3013 | |
Senegal/2014 | Diourbel | 327 | 94 | 890 | 861 | 145 | 431 |
Kedougou | 23 | 5 | 65 | 64 | 19 | 48 | |
Rural | 1069 | 326 | 2951 | 2867 | 674 | 1981 | |
Urban | 447 | 112 | 1125 | 1005 | 100 | 329 | |
Poorest | 344 | 114 | 987 | 979 | 296 | 906 | |
Richest | 158 | 35 | 398 | 347 | 32 | 113 |
Counntry/ Year | Situational description | Ante-partum | Intra-partum | Post-partum | Hypertensive | Maternal sepsis | Complicated abortion |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Benin/2014 | Atlantique | 16 | 16 | 16 | 25 | 19 | 14 |
Mono | 6 | 6 | 6 | 9 | 7 | 5 | |
Rural | 54 | 54 | 54 | 83 | 64 | 47 | |
Urban | 51 | 50 | 50 | 78 | 60 | 44 | |
Poorest | 23 | 23 | 23 | 36 | 27 | 20 | |
Richest | 23 | 23 | 23 | 36 | 27 | 20 | |
Burkina-Faso/2010 | Boude du Mou. | 23 | 3 | 42 | 45 | 29 | 27 |
Centre(exc.Ouaga) | 8 | 0.84 | 14 | 15 | 10 | 9 | |
Rural | 170 | 18 | 308 | 324 | 209 | 195 | |
Urban | 35 | 4 | 63 | 67 | 43 | 40 | |
Poorest | 44 | 5 | 80 | 85 | 55 | 51 | |
Richest | 36 | 4 | 65 | 68 | 44 | 41 | |
Ghana/2014 | Ashanti | 46 | 46 | 46 | 71 | 55 | 40 |
Upper East | 7 | 7 | 7 | 10 | 8 | 6 | |
Rural | 120 | 118 | 118 | 184 | 141 | 104 | |
Urban | 117 | 116 | 116 | 180 | 137 | 101 | |
Poorest | 53 | 52 | 52 | 81 | 62 | 46 | |
Richest | 43 | 43 | 43 | 66 | 51 | 37 | |
Mali/2013 | Koulikoro | 70 | 69 | 69 | 108 | 82 | 61 |
Kidal | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | |
Rural | 223 | 220 | 220 | 342 | 262 | 193 | |
Urban | 120 | 119 | 119 | 184 | 141 | 104 | |
Poorest | 69 | 68 | 68 | 106 | 81 | 60 | |
Richest | 96 | 62 | 62 | 96 | 73 | 54 | |
Nigeria/2013 | North-West | 1726 | 1707 | 1707 | 2656 | 2030 | 1499 |
South-West | 273 | 270 | 270 | 420 | 321 | 237 | |
Rural | 2737 | 2707 | 2707 | 4211 | 3218 | 2376 | |
Urban | 2240 | 2215 | 2215 | 3446 | 2634 | 1945 | |
Poorest | 1153 | 1140 | 1140 | 1774 | 1356 | 1001 | |
Richest | 1052 | 1040 | 1040 | 1618 | 1237 | 913 | |
Senegal/2014 | Dakar | 29 | 28 | 28 | 44 | 34 | 25 |
Kedougou | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | |
Rural | 108 | 106 | 106 | 166 | 127 | 93 | |
Urban | 58 | 57 | 57 | 89 | 68 | 50 | |
Poorest | 39 | 39 | 39 | 61 | 46 | 34 | |
Richest | 27 | 27 | 27 | 42 | 32 | 24 |
Country/ Year | Situational description | Family Care Practices | Preventive Services | Curative Services | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WASH (Improved water source) | ITNs (ITN ownership) | NIF (Excl breast feeding) | Immunization Plus (DTP3) | IMNCI (Oral antibiotic case mgt) | Delivery by skilled professionals (Essential care) | EMONC (Case Mgt of prematurity) | ||
Benin/2014 | National average | 18 | 73 | 41 | 0.74 | 23 | 80 | 100 |
Rural | 7 | 72 | 42 | 0.72 | 26 | 78 | 100 | |
Urban | 34 | 74 | 41 | 0.76 | 19 | 84 | 100 | |
Poorest | 0 | 68 | 40 | 0.60 | 19 | 66 | 100 | |
Richest | 58 | 77 | 39 | 0.88 | 13 | 91 | 100 | |
Burkina-Faso/2010 | National average | 17 | 47 | 25 | 90 | 42 | ND | 25 |
Rural | 7 | 48 | 25 | 89 | 37 | ND | 25 | |
Urban | 53 | 45 | 25 | 92 | 60 | ND | 25 | |
Poorest | 100 | 42 | 25 | 83 | 29 | ND | 25 | |
Richest | 59 | 48 | 25 | 93 | 52 | ND | 25 | |
Ghana/2014 | National average | 82 | 47 | 52 | 89 | 43 | 16 | NA |
Rural | 74 | 55 | 52 | 89 | 39 | 20 | ND | |
Urban | 89 | 36 | 52 | 88 | 51 | 6 | ND | |
Poorest | 82 | 55 | 52 | 87 | 28 | 21 | ND | |
Richest | 82 | 31 | 52 | 92 | 22 | 2 | ND | |
Mali/2013 | National average | 73 | 61 | 36 | 63 | 37 | 26 | 13 |
Rural | 73 | 61 | 0.7 | 59 | 36 | 27 | 8 | |
Urban | 73 | 58 | 1 | 79 | 40 | 25 | 39 | |
Poorest | 73 | 56 | 41 | 48 | 22 | 25 | 2 | |
Richest | 73 | 59 | 29 | 78 | 44 | 24 | 42 | |
Nigeria/2013 | National average | 67 | 13 | 17 | 38 | 19 | 28 | 4 |
Rural | 54 | 13 | 17 | 25 | 16 | 20 | 1 | |
Urban | 86 | 13 | 21 | 62 | 25 | 27 | 16 | |
Poorest | 36 | 9 | 17 | 7 | 14 | 6 | 0 | |
Richest | 84 | 12 | 17 | 80 | 35 | 27 | 29 | |
Senegal/2014 | National average | 81 | 43 | 32 | 89 | 33 | 27 | 7 |
Rural | 72 | 44 | 33 | 89 | 40 | 28 | 3 | |
Urban | 91 | 42 | 32 | 89 | 28 | 27 | 4 | |
Poorest | 56 | 38 | 28 | 86 | 34 | 27 | 2 | |
Richest | 97 | 33 | 23 | 92 | 40 | 26 | 9 |
Main causes of deaths avertible | Benin | Burkina-Faso | Ghana | Mali | Nigeria | Senegal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Equity | Operational | Equity | Operational | Equity | Operational | Equity | Operational | Equity | Operational | Equity | Operational | |
Under-five deaths | ||||||||||||
Malaria | 174 | 853 | 1313 | 1745 | 392 | 1352 | 42 | 940 | 4325 | 31,406 | 0 | 1240 |
Measles | 0 | 0 | 216 | 169 | 12 | 3 | 169 | 99 | 1342 | 805 | 58 | 16 |
Pneumonia (U5MR) | 88 | 299 | 1026 | 862 | 204 | 792 | 609 | 802 | 11,103 | 15,381 | 250 | 450 |
Diarrhoea (U5MR) | 772 | 1100 | 2053 | 2016 | 545 | 911 | 1285 | 979 | 24,401 | 19,849 | 1231 | 998 |
Tetanus | 0 | 0 | 11 | 21 | 194 | −3.46 | 101 | 34 | 2926 | 1169 | 37 | 10 |
Prematurity | 126 | 259 | 4 | 639 | 396 | 874 | 559 | 1009 | 5798 | 13,161 | 509 | 521 |
Asphyxia | 489 | 136 | 5 | 635 | 1308 | 653 | 876 | 938 | 8693 | 12,059 | 217 | 536 |
Sepsis | 38 | 94 | 144 | 563 | 770 | 1251 | 511 | 868 | 4721 | 8385 | 547 | 687 |
Maternal deaths | ||||||||||||
Complicated abortion | 8 | 0.89 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 16 | 32 | 34 | 154 | 0 | 10 | 16 |
Sepsis | 17 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 49 | 23 | 52 | 37 | 681 | 657 | 14 | 19 |
Hypertensive disorders | 26 | 5 | 0 | 47 | 73 | 42 | 71 | 57 | 1271 | 926 | 16 | 31 |
Post-partum haemorrhage | 17 | 0 | 2 | 46 | 54 | 21 | 44 | 39 | 636 | 656 | 13 | 22 |
Intra-partum haemorrhage | 12 | 3 | 0.1 | 2 | 44 | 22 | 33 | 31 | 457 | 527 | 2 | 20 |
Ante-partum haemorrhage | 12 | 3 | 0.94 | 20 | 44 | 22 | 33 | 32 | 462 | 533 | 2 | 20 |
Outcome of scenario analysis
Main causes of deaths amenable | Benin | Burkina-Faso | Ghana | Mali | Nigeria | Senegal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Equity | Operational | Equity | Operational | Equity | Operational | Equity | Operational | Equity | Operational | Equity | Operational | |
Under-five deaths | ||||||||||||
Pneumonia (U5MR) | 7 | 8 | 600 | 613 | 9 | 18 | 399 | 602 | 5644 | 9082 | 9 | 4 |
Diarrhoea (U5MR) | 222 | 277 | 842 | 638 | 195 | 373 | 468 | 181 | 3311 | – | 245 | 101 |
Asphyxia | 479 | 471 | 155 | 604 | 1140 | 638 | 739 | 803 | 8163 | 10,104 | 200 | 393 |
Malaria | 172 | 243 | 193 | 440 | – | – | 35 | 345 | 745 | 14,599 | – | – |
Sepsis | 19 | 19 | – | – | 240 | 90 | 175 | 117 | 1832 | 1287 | – | – |
Prematurity | 55 | 55 | 58 | 60 | 91 | 67 | 111 | 109 | 1796 | 1893 | 54 | 34 |
Measles | – | – | 135 | 67 | 9 | – | 105 | 31 | 910 | 246 | 32 | 46 |
Tetanus | – | – | – | – | 63 | 22 | 50 | 30 | 900 | 549 | – | – |
Pertussis | – | – | – | – | 27 | – | 42 | 28 | 1827 | 593 | 38 | 40 |
Neonatal deaths | ||||||||||||
Asphyxia | 479 | 471 | 155 | 604 | 1140 | 638 | 739 | 803 | 8163 | 10,104 | 200 | 393 |
Sepsis | 19 | 19 | 2 | 4 | 240 | 90 | 275 | 117 | 1832 | 1287 | – | – |
Prematurity | 55 | 55 | 58 | 60 | 91 | 67 | 111 | 109 | 1796 | 1893 | 54 | 34 |
Pneumonia (NNMR) | 2 | 2 | – | 1 | – | – | – | 4 | – | – | – | – |
Diarrhoea (NNMR) | 6 | 7 | 28 | 21 | 8 | 16 | 23 | 9 | – | – | – | – |
Tetanus | – | – | – | – | 63 | 22 | 50 | 30 | 900 | 549 | – | – |
Maternal deaths | ||||||||||||
Ante-partum haemorrhage | 12 | 12 | – | 21 | 39 | 20 | 24 | 30 | 309 | 508 | 2 | 14 |
Intra-partum haemorrhage | 12 | 12 | – | 2 | 39 | 19 | 24 | 30 | 306 | 503 | 2 | 14 |
Post-partum haemorrhage | 15 | 12 | 0.75 | 38 | 31 | 19 | 21 | 30 | 283 | 500 | 2 | 14 |
Hypertensive disorders | 9 | 8 | – | 27 | 48 | 20 | 29 | 29 | 353 | 490 | 3 | 15 |
Sepsis | – | – | – | – | 26 | 10 | 33 | 19 | 533 | 317 | – | – |
Main intervention package | Amenable under-five deaths by package and equity/operational frontier among the poorest | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Benin | Burkina-Faso | Ghana | Mali | Nigeria | Senegal | |||||||
Equity | Operational | Equity | Operational | Equity | Operational | Equity | Operational | Equity | Operational | Equity | Operational | |
Delivery by skilled professional | 548 | 537 | 208 | 653 | 1534 | 817 | 1070 | 1014 | 12,654 | 13,116 | 254 | 426 |
IMNCI | – | – | 554 | 576 | – | – | 375 | 588 | 5500 | 8985 | – | – |
ITNs/Environmental safety | 182 | 258 | 202 | 462 | – | – | 42 | 409 | 796 | 15,599 | – | – |
WASH | 236 | 293 | 941 | 711 | 216 | 412 | 544 | 206 | 3611 | – | 265 | 109 |
Immunization plus | – | – | 161 | 66 | 35 | – | 141 | 56 | 2727 | 835 | 67 | 86 |
Amenable maternal deaths by package and equity/operational frontier among the poorest- | ||||||||||||
Delivery by skilled professional | 55 | 56 | – | 96 | 202 | 98 | 140 | 152 | 1892 | 2547 | 10 | 61 |
Intervention strategy | Cost of intervention in six countries | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Benin | Burkina Faso | Ghana | Mali | Nigeria | Senegal | |
Conditional cash transfer | 521,950 | 1,173,987 | 424,339 | 1,205,482 | 9,210,783 | 987,425 |
Vouchers | 521,950 | 1,173,987 | 424,339 | 1,205,482 | 9,210,783 | 987,425 |
Health insurance | 521,950 | 1,173,987 | 424,339 | 1,205,482 | 9,210,783 | 987,425 |
Supply-side financial incentives | 1,596,353 | 499,389 | 225,433 | 745,928 | 1,741,842 | 21,681 |
Pharmaceutical cost control | – | – | 34,526 | – | – | – |
Community education & outreach | 218,692 | 131,753 | 119,012 | 1460 | 3,977,842 | 230,580 |
Redeployment/relocation of existing staff | – | 2,327,896 | 138,773 | – | 22,056,700 | 2,209,502 |
Leadership and management training | 3,104,019 | 971,035 | 93,930 | – | – | 42,158 |
Health systems accountability | 3,104,019 | 971,035 | 93,930 | – | 3,386,914 | 42,158 |
Task-shifting/task sharing | – | 1,163,948 | 69,386 | – | 11,028,350 | 1,104,751 |
Ensure timely procurement of key commodities | – | – | 13,810 | 76,891 | 40,574 | 3027 |
Pharmaceutical stock management | – | – | 13,810 | 76,891 | – | – |
Pre-service training/recruitment | – | 11,272 | – | – | – | – |
Pharmaceutical quality regulation | – | – | – | 48,454 | – | – |
Cost per capita | 4.0 | 3.0 | 0.39 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |