Background
Methods
Study design and sample population
Measures
Statistical analyses
Results
Sex | n | Body weight (kg) | Height (cm) | BMI (kg/m2) | WC (cm) | WHtR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boys | ||||||
9 to 9.9 | 258 | 32.1 (7.5) | 133.5 (6.5) | 17.8 (3.1) | 60.8 (6.7)* | 0.455 (0.044)** |
10 to 10.9 | 466 | 34.5 (8.5) | 137.3 (7.4)* | 18.1 (3.3) | 61.7 (8.0)* | 0.450 (0.052)** |
11 to 11.9 | 445 | 37.2 (8.8)* | 141.9 (8.2)* | 18.3 (3.2) | 63.5 (7.6)* | 0.448 (0.047)** |
12 to 12.9 | 404 | 41.3 (9.1)* | 147.1 (8.2)* | 18.9 (3.2) | 64.7 (7.5)* | 0.440 (0.047)** |
13 to 13.9 | 401 | 46.0 (9.8)* | 153.5 (9.3)* | 19.4 (3.3)** | 65.8 (7.7) | 0.429 (0.048) |
14 to 14.9 | 443 | 50.0 (9.7)* | 158.9 (9.1)** | 19.7 (3.0)** | 67.1 (7.1) | 0.423 (0.043)** |
15 to 15.9 | 426 | 54.4 (9.7)* | 163.3 (8.9)** | 20.3 (3.0)** | 69.2 (6.7) | 0.424 (0.042)** |
16 to 16.9 | 365 | 57.7 (8.7)** | 166.7 (7.2)** | 20.8 (2.9)** | 70.6 (7.1)** | 0.424 (0.045)** |
17 to 17.9 | 252 | 60.8 (10.3)** | 168.1 (7.4)** | 21.5 (3.3)** | 72.1 (7.4)** | 0.430 (0.044)* |
Total
|
3460
|
45.5 (13.0)*
|
151.9 (14.1)**
|
19.4 (3.3)**
|
66.0 (8.1)**
|
0.436 (0.048)
|
Girls | ||||||
9 to 9.9 | 308 | 32.1 (7.4) | 134.6 (7.6) | 17.6 (3.0) | 59.3 (6.6) | 0.441 (0.041) |
10 to 10.9 | 659 | 35.0 (7.9) | 138.4 (7.6) | 18.1 (3.0) | 60.9 (7.4) | 0.439 (0.047) |
11 to 11.9 | 645 | 38.3 (7.9) | 143.7 (7.5) | 18.4 (2.9) | 62.1 (6.7) | 0.432 (0.044) |
12 to 12.9 | 549 | 42.8 (8.6) | 148.5 (7.3) | 19.3 (3.0) | 63.2 (6.9) | 0.426 (0.044) |
13 to 13.9 | 472 | 47.4 (9.0) | 152.4 (6.3) | 20.3 (3.2) | 65.2 (7.3) | 0.427 (0.046) |
14 to 14.9 | 609 | 51.0 (8.9) | 154.6 (6.5) | 21.3 (3.3) | 67.3 (8.0) | 0.436 (0.052) |
15 to 15.9 | 504 | 52.7 (8.6) | 155.7 (6.8) | 21.7 (3.1) | 68.5 (7.1) | 0.440 (0.046) |
16 to 16.9 | 450 | 53.9 (8.6) | 156.4 (5.8) | 22.0 (3.1) | 68.7 (7.7) | 0.440 (0.049) |
17 to 17.9 | 296 | 55.1 (9.3) | 156.8 (6.5) | 22.4 (3.6) | 69.5 (7.7) | 0.444 (0.050) |
Total
|
4494
|
44.8 (11.5)
|
148.7 (10.1)
|
20.0 (3.5)
|
64.8 (8.0)
|
0.436 (0.047)
|
n | M | SD | P3
| P10
| P25
| P50
| P75
| P90
| P97
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boys | ||||||||||
9 to 9.9 | 258 | 60.8 | 6.7 | 51.2 | 54.0 | 56.2 | 59.4 | 64.3 | 69.9 | 75.4 |
10 to 10.9 | 466 | 61.7 | 8.0 | 51.6 | 53.5 | 56.7 | 60.3 | 65.9 | 72.4 | 79.0 |
11 to 11.9 | 445 | 63.5 | 7.6 | 53.4 | 56.0 | 58.1 | 62.0 | 67.0 | 75.5 | 82.1 |
12 to 12.9 | 404 | 64.7 | 7.5 | 54.0 | 56.5 | 60.0 | 63.3 | 69.0 | 75.7 | 83.3 |
13 to 13.9 | 401 | 65.8 | 7.7 | 54.6 | 58.5 | 61.2 | 64.6 | 69.3 | 75.3 | 85.5 |
14 to 14.9 | 443 | 67.1 | 7.1 | 56.4 | 60.0 | 62.5 | 65.7 | 70.6 | 76.7 | 86.2 |
15 to 15.9 | 426 | 69.2 | 6.7 | 59.1 | 62.0 | 64.5 | 68.1 | 72.1 | 78.3 | 86.1 |
16 to 16.9 | 365 | 70.6 | 7.1 | 59.5 | 63.2 | 66.6 | 70.0 | 74.0 | 78.6 | 87.7 |
17 to 17.9 | 252 | 72.1 | 7.4 | 61.0 | 64.7 | 67.6 | 71.2 | 75.4 | 82.3 | 88.7 |
Total
|
3460
|
66.0
|
8.1
|
53.6
|
56.5
|
60.5
|
65.3
|
70.5
|
76.5
|
84.1
|
Girls | ||||||||||
9 to 9.9 | 308 | 59.3 | 6.6 | 50.1 | 52.0 | 54.4 | 58.0 | 63.4 | 68.8 | 74.5 |
10 to 10.9 | 659 | 60.9 | 7.4 | 50.8 | 53.0 | 55.8 | 59.6 | 64.6 | 71.0 | 79.0 |
11 to 11.9 | 645 | 62.1 | 6.7 | 52.5 | 54.8 | 57.4 | 60.8 | 66.0 | 71.0 | 76.7 |
12 to 12.9 | 549 | 63.2 | 6.9 | 53.0 | 55.8 | 58.2 | 61.9 | 67.0 | 72.5 | 79.1 |
13 to 13.9 | 472 | 65.2 | 7.3 | 53.6 | 57.1 | 60.3 | 64.3 | 69.4 | 74.3 | 82.0 |
14 to 14.9 | 609 | 67.3 | 8.0 | 55.2 | 59.0 | 62.5 | 66.9 | 72.0 | 77.0 | 82.9 |
15 to 15.9 | 504 | 68.5 | 7.1 | 57.0 | 60.5 | 64.2 | 67.5 | 72.3 | 77.0 | 86.0 |
16 to 16.9 | 450 | 68.7 | 7.7 | 57.3 | 60.7 | 63.8 | 68.0 | 72.9 | 78.3 | 85.2 |
17 to 17.9 | 296 | 69.5 | 7.7 | 58.0 | 61.0 | 64.5 | 68.5 | 73.3 | 79.4 | 88.9 |
Total
|
4494
|
64.8
|
8.0
|
52.2
|
55.5
|
59.0
|
64.0
|
69.5
|
75.1
|
81.9
|
n | M | SD | P3
| P10
| P25
| P50
| P75
| P90
| P97
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boys | ||||||||||
9 to 9.9 | 258 | 0.455 | 0.044 | 0.395 | 0.409 | 0.424 | 0.447 | 0.483 | 0.516 | 0.553 |
10 to 10.9 | 466 | 0.450 | 0.052 | 0.383 | 0.398 | 0.418 | 0.442 | 0.477 | 0.519 | 0.567 |
11 to 11.9 | 445 | 0.448 | 0.047 | 0.374 | 0.399 | 0.417 | 0.438 | 0.472 | 0.513 | 0.553 |
12 to 12.9 | 404 | 0.440 | 0.047 | 0.373 | 0.390 | 0.409 | 0.429 | 0.461 | 0.509 | 0.557 |
13 to 13.9 | 401 | 0.429 | 0.048 | 0.370 | 0.385 | 0.401 | 0.419 | 0.446 | 0.489 | 0.550 |
14 to 14.9 | 443 | 0.423 | 0.043 | 0.362 | 0.381 | 0.394 | 0.413 | 0.443 | 0.483 | 0.533 |
15 to 15.9 | 426 | 0.424 | 0.042 | 0.367 | 0.379 | 0.396 | 0.416 | 0.442 | 0.482 | 0.528 |
16 to 16.9 | 365 | 0.424 | 0.045 | 0.364 | 0.380 | 0.399 | 0.420 | 0.441 | 0.484 | 0.524 |
17 to 17.9 | 252 | 0.430 | 0.044 | 0.370 | 0.386 | 0.402 | 0.421 | 0.453 | 0.491 | 0.530 |
Total
|
3460
|
0.436
|
0.048
|
0.370
|
0.388
|
0.404
|
0.427
|
0.457
|
0.501
|
0.546
|
Girls | ||||||||||
9 to 9.9 | 308 | 0.441 | 0.041 | 0.378 | 0.394 | 0.413 | 0.435 | 0.465 | 0.495 | 0.541 |
10 to 10.9 | 659 | 0.439 | 0.047 | 0.373 | 0.390 | 0.408 | 0.429 | 0.463 | 0.501 | 0.549 |
11 to 11.9 | 645 | 0.432 | 0.044 | 0.370 | 0.386 | 0.402 | 0.427 | 0.456 | 0.491 | 0.531 |
12 to 12.9 | 549 | 0.426 | 0.044 | 0.360 | 0.376 | 0.395 | 0.421 | 0.450 | 0.484 | 0.532 |
13 to 13.9 | 472 | 0.427 | 0.046 | 0.352 | 0.376 | 0.398 | 0.424 | 0.452 | 0.482 | 0.537 |
14 to 14.9 | 609 | 0.436 | 0.052 | 0.364 | 0.385 | 0.403 | 0.430 | 0.464 | 0.501 | 0.549 |
15 to 15.9 | 504 | 0.440 | 0.046 | 0.366 | 0.387 | 0.411 | 0.435 | 0.468 | 0.498 | 0.538 |
16 to 16.9 | 450 | 0.440 | 0.049 | 0.363 | 0.388 | 0.410 | 0.434 | 0.467 | 0.497 | 0.552 |
17 to 17.9 | 296 | 0.444 | 0.050 | 0.371 | 0.389 | 0.410 | 0.434 | 0.473 | 0.512 | 0.562 |
Total
|
4494
|
0.436
|
0.047
|
0.365
|
0.385
|
0.405
|
0.429
|
0.461
|
0.496
|
0.539
|
WC | WHtR | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overweight | Obesity | Overweight | Obesity | |||||
Children | Boys (9–12.9 y) | Girls (9–12.9 y) | Boys (9–12.9 y) | Girls (9–12.9 y) | Boys (9–12.9 y) | Girls (9–12.9 y) | Boys (9–12.9 y) | Girls (9–12.9 y) |
AUC (95% CI) | 0.895 (0.874–0.917) | 0.889 (0.872–0.906) | 0.882 (0.845–0.919) | 0.904 (0.878–0.929) | 0.868 (0.843–0.893) | 0.881 (0.862–0.897) | 0.882 (0.843–0.922) | 0.899 (0.873–0.925) |
Optimal cut-offs | 62.7 | 62.8 | 67.9 | 65.9 | 0.459 | 0.436 | 0.485 | 0.472 |
J-Youden | 0.643 | 0.647 | 0.647 | 0.698 | 0.634 | 0.625 | 0.697 | 0.68 |
Sensitivity (%) | 89.8% | 82.1% | 80.3% | 87.0% | 78.2% | 84.6% | 83.5% | 79.3% |
Specificity (%) | 74.5% | 82.6% | 84.4% | 82.8% | 85.2% | 77.9% | 86.2% | 88.7% |
LR (+) | 3.52 | 4.72 | 5.15 | 5.06 | 5.28 | 3.83 | 6.05 | 7.02 |
LR (−) | 0.14 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.16 | 0.26 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.23 |
Overweight | Obesity | Overweight | Obesity | |||||
Adolescents | Boys (13–17.9 y) | Girls (13–17.9 y) | Boys (13–17.9 y) | Girls (13–17.9 y) | Boys (13–17.9 y) | Girls (13–17.9 y) | Boys (13–17.9 y) | Girls (13–17.9 y) |
AUC (95% CI) | 0.862 (0.829–0.894) | 0.878 (0.861–0.895) | 0.850 (0.789–0.911) | 0.892 (0.864–0.919) | 0.902 (0.876–0.929) | 0.887 (0.871–0.904) | 0.916 (0.871–0.962) | 0.914 (0.888–0.94) |
Optimal cut-offs | 73.8 | 68.9 | 74.1 | 76.6 | 0.458 | 0.445 | 0.463 | 0.468 |
J-Youden | 0.630 | 0.605 | 0.631 | 0.550 | 0.699 | 0.619 | 0.762 | 0.704 |
Sensitivity (%) | 75.5% | 81.9% | 81.7% | 63.4% | 78.6% | 82.2% | 91.7% | 90.3% |
Specificity (%) | 87.5% | 78.6% | 81.4% | 91.6% | 91.3% | 79.7% | 84.5% | 80.1% |
LR (+) | 6.04 | 3.83 | 4.39 | 7.55 | 9.03 | 4.05 | 5.92 | 4.54 |
LR (−) | 0.28 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.40 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.10 | 0.12 |