Background
Using Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMAs) to self-monitor and change behavior
Using EMA responses to predict risk
Using Ecological Momentary Interventions (EMIs) to provide immediate intervention
Using EMA responses to prompt EMI use
Methods/design
Aims and hypotheses
Design
Participants
Interventions
Component | Randomization group | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Control | EMA only | EMI only | EMA + EMI | |
Recovery support as usual, including relapse-prevention training | X | X | X | X |
Research office visits twice during month 1 | X | X | X | X |
Urine monitoring | X | X | X | X |
Android phone | X | X | X | |
EMA training | X | X | ||
5 EMA prompts daily over 16 h/day | X | X | ||
EMI training | X | X | ||
Specific EMI recommendations | X |
Recovery support as usual (control group)
EMAs
EMIs
EMAs + EMIs
Setting, recruitment, and training procedures
Randomization
Measures
Outcome | Instrument | Frequency |
---|---|---|
Primary outcome (condensed hypothesis) | ||
Days of abstinence (greater abstinence among those with EMA, EMI, and EMA + EMI) | Self-report of any alcohol or drug use in last 90 days collected through Global Appraisal of Individual Needs Version 3 (GAIN-Q3) [53]. | Baseline and 3 and 6 months after enrollment |
On-site urine drug screens for alcohol, amphetamine/methamphetamine, cannabis, cocaine/benzoylecgonine, and opiates/morphine | Baseline, twice in month 1, and 3 and 6 months after enrollment | |
Secondary outcomes | ||
HIV risk behaviors (fewer risk behaviors among those with EMA, EMI, and EMA + EMI) | Self-report of any risk behaviors (needle use, needle sharing, unprotected sex, multiple sexual partners, trading sex for drugs, victimization) in past 90 days collected through GAIN-Q3 | Baseline and 3 and 6 months after enrollment |
Other outcomes | ||
EMA and EMI use | Computer logs of EMA responses and EMI use (pages, minutes, interventions, engagement, patterns, comments, and so on) | Continuous |