Background
Aim
Methods
Patients
Questionnaires
Statistical analysis
Reliability
Known-groups comparison
Convergent and discriminant validity
Results
Patients
Characteristics n = 164 | Number (%) | CI 95% | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (range 39–83) | |||
- | Mean | 63.8 | 62.4-65.2 |
- | Median | 64.0 | |
Gender | |||
- | Female | 60 (36.6) | 29.1-44.0% |
- | Male | 104 (63.4) | 56.0-70.9% |
Civil status | |||
- | Married | 110 (67.1) | |
- | Single | 28 (17.1) | |
- | Widow (er) | 26 (15.9) | |
Asa-score | |||
- | I | 60 (36.6) | |
- | II | 90 (54.9) | |
- | III | 14 (8.5) | |
Physical performance | |||
- | Excellent or good | 81 (49.4) | |
- | More or less | 39 (23.8) | |
- | Less good or bad | 19 (11.6) | |
- | Missing | 25 (15.2) | |
Cancer type | |||
- | Colon | 97 (59.1) | 51.2-66.7% |
- | Rectum | 67 (40.9) | 33.3-48.8% |
Surgery | |||
- | Laparotomy | 103 (62.8) | |
- | Laparoscopic | 61 (37.2) | |
Surgery modality | |||
- | AR | 56 (34.2) | |
- | APR | 14 (8.5) | |
- | Right or transverse colon resection | 40 (24.4) | |
- | Left colon or sigmoideum resection | 49 (29.9) | |
- | Other | 5 (3.1) | |
Stoma (temporary and definitive) | |||
- | Yes | 55 (33.5) | 24.7-39.4% |
- | No | 108 (65.9) | 56.8–71.9% |
- | Missing | 1 (0.6) | 0,0 -3.4% |
Complications | |||
- | Surgical | 25 (15.2) | |
- | Medical | 9 (5.5) | |
T-stadium | |||
- | T1 | 6 (3.7) | |
- | T2 | 19 (11.6) | |
- | T3 | 115 (70.1) | |
- | T4 | 23 (14.0) | |
- | Missing | 1 (0.6) | |
Lymph node metastasise | |||
- | 0 | 90 (54.9) | |
- | ≥ 1 | 72 (43.9) | |
- | Missing | 2 (1.2) | |
Postoperative Chemotherapy | 50 (30.5) | ||
- | Missing | 14 (8.5) | |
Preoperative radiation therapy | 12 (7.3) | ||
- | Missing | 24 (14.6) |
Missing values
Scale Item number | n = 164 (%) | Mean (SD) | Median | Floor % | Ceiling % | Range | Cronbach alpha |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Micturition problems | 159 (97.0) | 24.3 (19.7) | 22.2 | 22.0 | 0.6 | 0-100 | 0.65 |
31) Frequency urination day * | 158 (96.3) | 32.9 (28.4) | 33.3 | 34.8 | 1.9 | 0-100 | |
32) Frequency urination day night * | 158 (96.3) | 30.2 (27.8) | 33 | 36.1 | 3.8 | 0-100 | |
33) Pain while urinating* | 159 (97.0) | 10.1 (20.1) | 0 | 76.7 | 0.6 | 0-100 | |
Symptoms gastro-intestinal tract | 163 (99.4) | 18.9 (15.1) | 20 | 15.3 | 0 | 0-80 | 0.55 |
34) Bloated feeling in stomach * | 161 (98.2) | 22.4 (26.8) | 0 | 50.3 | 3.7 | 0-100 | |
35) Abdominal pain * | 161 (98.2) | 23.0 (24.5) | 33.3 | 46.0 | 1.2 | 0-100 | |
36) Pain in buttocks | 162 (98.8) | 9.1(22.3) | 0 | 82.7 | 2.5 | 0-100 | |
37) Bothered by gas | 162 (98.8) | 27.4 (27.5) | 33.3 | 42.0 | 2.5 | 0-100 | |
38) Belching | 163 (99.4) | 12.9 (22.6 | 0 | 71.2 | 1.2 | 0-100 | |
39) Weight loss | 162 (98.8) | 27.8 (31) | 33.3 | 44.4 | 8.0 | 0-100 | |
Chemotherapy side effects | 163 (99.4) | 15.8 (16.0) | 11.1 | 33.7 | 0 | 0-83.3 | 0.37 |
40) Dry mouth* | 162 (98.8) | 23.7 (28.0) | 33.3 | 64.4 | 5.0 | 0-100 | |
41) Thin or lifeless hair | 159 (97.0) | 5.7 (15.1) | 0 | 85.5 | 0.6 | 0-100 | |
42) Trouble with taste | 163 (99.4) | 17.4 (27.6) | 0 | 64.4 | 5.0 | 0-100 | |
Body image * | 163 (99.4) | 80.4 (22.1) | 88.9 | 1.2 | 36.8 | 0-100 | 0.78 |
43) Feeling less attractive * | 163 (99.4) | 80.2 (25.8) | 100 | 2.5 | 55.8 | 0-100 | |
44) Feeling less feminine/masculine * | 162 (98.8) | 84.4 (26.3) | 100 | 3.7 | 67.9 | 0-100 | |
45) Dissatisfied with body* | 163 (99.4) | 76.5 (27.7) | 66.6 | 4.2 | 49.1 | 0-100 | |
46) Future perspective * | 163 (98.8) | 57.5 (27.0) | 66.7 | 6.7 | 16.0 | 0-100 | |
Sexual function | 151 (92.1) | 20.1 (23.6) | 16.7 | 46.4 | 0.7 | 0-100 | 0.85 |
47) Interest in sex * | 151 (92.1) | 23.6 (27.4) | 0 | 50.3 | 2.0 | 0-100 | |
48) Sexual activity | 146 (89.0) | 16.9 (23.2) | 0 | 60.3 | 0.7 | 0-100 | |
49) Sexual enjoyment | 53 (32.3) | 54.1 (36.5) | 33.3 | 17.0 | 30.2 | 0-100 | |
Male sexual problems | 82 (78.8) | 40.2 (38.4) | 33.3 | 29.3 | 19.5 | 0-100 | 0.80 |
50) Problems erection* | 82 (78.8) | 45.5 (41.1) | 33.3 | 34.1 | 24.3 | 0-100 | |
51) Problems ejaculation | 79 (76.0) | 34.2 (42.7) | 0 | 54.4 | 25.3 | 0-100 | |
Female sex problems | 11 (18.3) | 19.7 (23.4) | 16.7 | 45.5 | 0 | 0-66.7 | 0.35 |
52) Dry vagina | 11 (18.3) | 72.7 (36.0) | 100 | 54.5 | 9.1 | 0-100 | |
53) Pain during intercourse | 11 (18.3) | 12.1 (22.5) | 0 | 72.7 | 0 | 0-66.6 | |
Defecation problems (no stoma) | 104 (96.3) | 15.9 (13.8) | 14.3 | 12.5 | 0 | 0-57.1 | 0.72 |
55) Frequent bowel movement day * | 104 (96.3) | 37.2 (28.8) | 33.3 | 25.0 | 6.7 | 0-100 | |
56) Frequent bowel movement night* | 104 (96.3) | 17.9 (27.4) | 0 | 63.5 | 3.9 | 0-100 | |
57) Urge without stools | 105 (97.2) | 22.9 (27.1) | 0 | 50.5 | 2.9 | 0-100 | |
58) Unintentional release of stools | 104 (97.2) | 8.0 (17.1) | 0 | 79.8 | 0 | 0-66.7 | |
59) Blood with stools * | 104 (96.3) | 1.3 (6.44) | 0 | 96.2 | 0 | 0-33 | |
60) Difficulty in moving bowels | 105 (97.3) | 16.2 (23.6) | 0 | 62.9 | 1.0 | 0-100 | |
61) Painful bowel movement | 105 (97.3) | 8.6 (17.9) | 0 | 79.1 | 0 | 0-66.7 | |
Stoma-related problems | 51 (92.7) | 25.8 (20.8) | 19.0 | 5.9 | 0 | 0-90.5 | 0.81 |
62) Afraid stoma noise | 51 (92.7) | 25.5 (32.4) | 0 | 52.9 | 7.8 | 0-100 | |
63) Afraid smell stools | 51 (92.7) | 27.5 (35.7) | 0 | 54.9 | 11.8 | 0-100 | |
64) Worry about leakage | 51 (92.79 | 40.5 (33.5) | 33.3 | 27.5 | 13.7 | 0-100 | |
65) Caring for stoma* | 50 (90.9) | 16.7 (27.1) | 0 | 66.0 | 3.9 | 0-100 | |
66) Irritated skin | 51 (92.7) | 25.5 (27.1) | 33.3 | 41.2 | 5.9 | 0-100 | |
67) Embarrassment | 51 (92.7) | 19.6 (27.6) | 0 | 58.8 | 3.9 | 0-100 | |
68) Feeling less complete | 52 (94.5) | 26.3 (29.8) | 33.3 | 46.2 | 5.8 | 0-100 |
Score distribution
Internal consistency
Convergent and discriminant validity
Scales Items | MI | GI | CT | BI | SXS | MSX | FSX | DF | STO |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Micturition problems (MI) | |||||||||
31) Frequency of urination day |
0.56
| 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.08 | 0.31 | 0.34 | 0.03 | |
32) Frequency of urination night |
0.56
| 0.22 | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.16 | 0.31 | 0.17 | |
33) Pain while urinating | 0.27 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.22 | 0.18 | 0.08 | |
Symptoms gastro-intestinal tract (GI) | |||||||||
34) Bloated feeling in stomach | 0.05 |
0.42
| 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.18 | 0.16 | |
35) Abdominal pain | 0.13 | 0.38 | 0.24 | 0.30 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.24 | |
36) Pain in buttocks | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.16 | 0.04 | 0.27 | 0.16 | 0.20 | |
37) Bothered by gas | 0.18 | 0.31 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.25 | 0.27 | |
38) Belching | 0.07 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.32 | 0.09 | 0.19 | |
Chemotherapy side effects (CT) | |||||||||
40) Dry mouth | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.29 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.06 | |
41) Thin or lifeless hair | 0.07 | 0.18 | 0.14 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.08 | |
42) Trouble with taste | 0.03 | 0.16 | 0.29 | 0.27 | 0.18 | 0.14 | 0.24 | 0.02 | |
Body image (BI) | |||||||||
43) Feeling less attractive | 0.14 | 0.28 | 0.25 |
0.59
| 0.12 | 0.32 | 0.21 |
0.43
| |
44) Feeling less feminine/masculine | 0.16 | 0.21 | 0.12 |
0.66
| 0.07 | 0.38 | 0.19 | 0.37 | |
45) Dissatisfied with body | 0.14 | 0.30 | 0.21 |
0.49
| 0.03 | 0.33 | 0.22 | 0.29 | |
Sexual function (SXS) | |||||||||
47) Interest in sex | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.26 | 0.06 |
0.71
| 0.37 | 0.09 | 0.07 | |
48) Sexual activity | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.24 | 0.07 |
0.71
|
0.41
| 0.00 | 0.16 | |
Male sexual problems (MSX) | |||||||||
50) Problems erection | 0.23 | 0.14 | 0.30 | 0.39 | 0.40 |
0.66
| |||
51) Problems ejaculation | 0.25 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.40 | 0.34 |
0.66
| |||
Female sexual problems (FSX) | |||||||||
52) Dry vagina | |||||||||
53) Pain during intercourse | |||||||||
Defalcation problems (DF) | |||||||||
55) Frequent bowel movement day |
0.43
| 0.27 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.26 |
0.44
| ||
56) Frequent bowel movement night | 0.36 | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.02 | 0.35 |
0.45
| ||
57) Urge without stools | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.12 | 0.38 |
0.56
| ||
58) Unintentional release of stools | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.34 | 0.36 | ||
59) Blood with stools | 0.23 | 0.17 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.22 | ||
60) Difficulty in moving bowels | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.25 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.24 | 0.27 | ||
61) Painful bowel movement | 0.21 | 0.14 | 0.26 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.13 | 0.30 | ||
Stoma-related problems (STO) | |||||||||
62) Afraid stoma noise | 0.28 |
0.44
| 0.16 |
0.43
| 0.20 |
0.56
| |||
63) Afraid smell stools | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.06 |
0.48
| 0.04 |
0.60
| |||
64) Worry about leakage | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.33 | 0.11 |
0.59
| |||
65) Caring for stoma | 0.12 | 0.03 | 0.18 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.35 | |||
66) Irritated skin | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.12 |
0.41
| 0.26 | 0.06 | |||
67) Embarrassment | 0.09 | 0.29 | 0.13 |
0.48
| 0.12 |
0.57
| |||
68) Feeling less complete | 0.13 | 0.28 | 0.10 |
0.43
| 0.02 |
0.60
|
Known-groups comparison
Scales (Item number) | Age | Gender | Physical performance | Type cancer | Stoma | Type surgery | Physical status | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<64 years vs. >64 years | P- value | Male vs. female | P-value | Excellent or good vs. less good or bad | P-value | Colon vs. rectum | P-value | No stoma vs. stoma | P-value | Open vs. laparoskopic | P-value | ASA 1 vs. ASA 2-3 | P-value | |
n = 77/87 | n = 104/60 | n = 81/57 | n = 87/21 | n = 110/53 | n = 101/61 | n = 55/99 | ||||||||
Micturition problems (31–33) | 26 vs. 23 | 0.17 |
28 vs. 18
|
0.001
| 23 vs. 24 | 0.96 | ||||||||
Symptoms gastro- intestinal tract (34–38) | 20 vs. 18 | 0.14 |
22 vs. 14
|
0.007
| ||||||||||
Weight loss (39) | 13 vs. 21 | 0.07 | 26 vs. 19 | 0.46 | 29 vs. 26 | 0.9 | ||||||||
Chemotherapy side effects (40–42) | ||||||||||||||
Body image (43–45) |
84 vs. 75
|
0.02
|
84 vs. 73
|
0.001
| 78 vs. 83 | 0.07 | ||||||||
Future Perspective (46) | 55 vs. 60 | 0.45 |
65 vs. 50
|
0.001
| 57 vs. 58 | 0.88 | ||||||||
Sexual functioning (47–48) |
29 vs. 12
|
0.001
|
25 vs. 12
|
0.000
| 22 vs. 17 | 0.07 | 19 vs. 24 | 0.12 |
16 vs. 29
|
0.001
| ||||
Sexual enjoyment (49) | ||||||||||||||
Male sexual problems (50–51) |
28 vs. 52
|
0.008
|
27 vs. 63
|
0.001
|
50 vs. 23
|
0.002
| 29 vs. 44 | 0.12 | ||||||
Female sexual problems (52–53) | ||||||||||||||
Defecation problems (55–61) |
20 vs. 12
|
0.009
| 18 vs. 13 | 0.2 |
14 vs. 24
|
0.004
| ||||||||
Stoma-related problems (62–68) |