Background
Methods
Study design
Setting and sample
Procedure
Variables
Statistical analysis
Results
Description of infants in the study
Characteristics | N = 2642 | EID test outcome (HIV status) | |
---|---|---|---|
Frequency | EID test positive | EID test negative | |
n (%) | n (%) | ||
Sex | |||
Male | 1271 | 128 (10.1) | 1143 (89.9) |
Female | 1259 | 106 (8.4) | 1153 (91.6) |
Missing | 112 | 11 (9.8) | 101 (91.2) |
Age at testing | |||
≤ 6 weeks | 1119 | 71 (6.3) | 1048 (93.7) |
> 6 weeks to 9 months | 1261 | 115 (9.1) | 1146 (90.9) |
> 9 months | 244 | 58 (23.8) | 186 (76.2) |
Missing | 18 | 1 (5.6) | 17 (94.4) |
Uptake of maternal antiretroviral prophylaxis and infant feeding practices
Uptake of maternal antiretroviral prophylaxis |
n = 2642, (%) | Positive n(%) | Negative n(%) |
---|---|---|---|
Received prophylaxis | 1906 (72.1) | 127 (6.7) | 1779 (93.3) |
No prophylaxis | 338 (12.8) | 81 (24.0) | 257 (76.0) |
Missing | 398 (15.1) | 37 (9.3) | 361 (90.7) |
Type of maternal antiretroviral regimen |
n = 1906, (%) | ||
Lifelong ART | 810 (42.5) | 48 (5.9) | 762 (94.1) |
AZT + (3TC + sd-NVP at labour) + (AZT + 3TC for 7 days) | 616 (32.3) | 41 (6.7) | 575 (93.3) |
Interrupted ART | 133 (7.0) | 6 (4.5) | 127 (95.5) |
Sd-NVP only | 51 (2.7) | 1 (2.0) | 50 (98.0) |
Others | 296 (15.5) | 31 (10.5) | 265 (89.5) |
Infant feeding option | |||
< 6 months |
n = 2032, (%) | ||
Exclusive replacement feeding (ERF) | 214 (10.5) | 12 (5.6) | 202 (94.4) |
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) | 1368 (67.3) | 97 (7.1) | 1271 (92.9) |
Mixed feeding (MF) | 164 (8.1) | 23 (14.0) | 141 (86.0) |
Missing | 286 (14.1) | 22 (7.7) | 264 (92.3) |
> 6 months |
n = 592, (%) | ||
Not breastfeeding (NBF) | 179 (30.2) | 16 (8.9) | 163 (91.1) |
Breastfeeding (BF) | 357 (60.3) | 65 (18.2) | 292 (81.8) |
Missing | 56 (9.5) | 9(16.1) | 47 (83.9) |
Facility Tier |
N = 2642 | EID test outcome (HIV status) | OR [95% CI] |
p -value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Negative n(%) | Positive n(%) | |||
Tier 2 | 1053 | 963 (91.4) | 90 (8.6) | Ref (1) | |
Tier 3 | 1125 | 1015 (90.2) | 110 (9.8) | 1.16 [0.87–1.6] | 0.32* |
Tier 4 | 464 | 419 (90.3) | 45 (9.7) | 1.15 [0.79–1.67] | 0.47* |
County name |
N = 2642 | ||||
Baringo | 141 | 134 (95.0) | 7 (5.0) | Ref. | (Ref) |
Kajiado | 499 | 457 (91.6) | 42 (8.4) | 1.76 [0.77–4.0] | 0.18* |
Laikipia | 189 | 157 (91.0) | 17 (9.0) | 1.89 [0.76–4.69] | 0.17* |
Nakuru | 1591 | 1442 (90.6) | 149 (9.4) | 1.98 [0.91–4.31] | 0.09* |
Narok | 222 | 192 (86.5) | 30 (13.5) | 2.99 [1.28–7.01] | 0.01** |
Determinants of infant's HIV
Variable name | OR [95% CI] |
p value | OR [95% CI] |
p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Infant age at diagnosis n = 2624 | ||||
i. ≤ 6 weeks | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||
ii. >6 weeks – 9 Months | 1.48 [1.09–2.01] | 0.012** | 1.54 [1.03–2.31] | 0.037** |
iii. >9 Months | 4.60 [3.15–6.73] | <0.001** | 3.61 [1.80–7.23] | <0.001** |
Infants’ sex | ||||
Female | 1 (Ref) | |||
Male | 1.22 [0.93–1.60] | 0.152* | 1.16 [0.84–1.59] | 0.368* |
Maternal prophylaxis n = 2244 | ||||
Any form of antiretroviral prophylaxis | 1 (Ref) | 1(Ref) | ||
No antiretroviral prophylaxis | 4.4 [3.2–6.0] | <0.001** | 2.9 [2.0–4.1] | <0.001** |
Maternal antiretroviral regimen (type) n = 2244 | ||||
i. None (did not receive ARVs) | 1 (Ref) | 1(Ref) | ||
ii. HAART | 0.20 [0.14–0.29] | <0.001** | 0.30 [0.19–0.47] | <0.001** |
iii. Interrupted HAART | 0.15 [0.06–0.35] | <0.001** | 0.27 [0.11–0.67] | 0.003** |
iv. AZT + (3TC + sd-NVP at labour) + (AZT + 3TC for 7 days) | 0.23 [0.15–0.34] | <0.001** | 0.41 [0.26–0.65] | <0.001** |
v. SdNVP | 0.06 [0.01–0.47] | 0.007** | 1 | |
vi. Others | 0.37 [0.24–0.58] | <0.001** | 0.49 [0.29–0.82] | 0.005** |
Mode of infant feeding | ||||
Infants ≤ 6 months n= | ||||
Exclusive replacement feeding | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||
Exclusive breastfeeding | 1.28 [0.69–2.38] | 0.4* | 1.27 [0.68–2.38] | 0.456* |
Mixed feeding | 2.75 [1.32–5.70] | 0.007** | 1.73[0.81–3.7] | 0.158* |
Infants >6 months | ||||
Not breastfed | 1 (Ref) | |||
Breast fed | 2.3 [1.3–4.0] | 0.006** | 1.87 [1.02–3.44] | 0.043** |