Background
Methods
Study population
Diagnosis and definitions of PD-related peritonitis
Bacterial identification and susceptibility testing
Management of PD-related peritonitis
Statistical analysis
Results
Overall VS peritonitis patients (N = 71) | mono-VS peritonitis (N = 57) | mixed-VS peritonitis (N = 14) |
P
*
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
Male (%) | 30 (42.3%) | 24 (42.1%) | 6 (42.9%) | 0.959 |
Age (years) (median, range) | 56 (16–81) | 56 (33–81) | 55.5 (16–72) | 0.275 |
First peritonitis after starting PD (months) | ||||
Median, range | 18.0 (0.6–144.0) | 18.0 (0.6–144.0) | 16.1(2.3–105.2) | 0.919 |
Time interval | ||||
< 6 | 13 (18.3%) | 11 (19.3%) | 2 (14.3%) | |
6–12 | 12 (16.9%) | 7 (12.3%) | 5 (35.7%) | |
12–24 | 17 (23.9%) | 16 (28.1%) | 1 (7.1%) | |
> 24 | 29 (40.8%) | 23 (40.4%) | 6 (42.9%) | |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 9 (12.7%) | 9 (15.8%) | 0 (0%) | 0.112 |
Baseline albumin (gm/dl) (mean ± SD) | 3.46 ± 0.51 | 3.46 ± 0.49 | 3.48 ± 0.62 | 0.900 |
Baseline eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) (median, range) | 6 (0–61) | 6 (0–61) | 11.5 (0–27) | 0.406 |
Baseline BMI (kg/m2) (median, range) | 22.5 (16.2–34.8) | 22.7 (16.2–34.8) | 21.7 (17.3–26.8) | 0.333 |
Prior antibiotic exposure, n (%) | 8 (11.3%) | 8 (14%) | 0 (0%) | 0.155 |
Organism | No. of isolates |
---|---|
Gram-positive cocci | |
Coagulase-negative Staphylococci | 2 |
Staphylococcus aureus | 3 |
Enterococcus spp. | 4 |
Stomatococcus spp. | 2 |
Group B streptococcus | 1 |
Gram-negative bacilli | |
Escherichia coli | 6 |
Klebsiella oxytoca | 2 |
Klebsiella pneumoniae | 8 |
Acinetobacter baumannii | 1 |
Enterobacter cloacae | 2 |
Providencia stuartii | 1 |
Pseudomonas sp. | 1 |
Others
| |
Gram-positive bacillus | 1 |
Neisseria spp. | 2 |
Fungus | |
Candida parapsilosis | 1 |
Tested antibiotic | VS isolates in mono-VS peritonitis(n) | VS isolates in mixed-VS peritonitis(n) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Susceptible (A) | Non-susceptible (B) | Susceptibility rate (%) | Non-susceptibility rate (%) | Susceptible (A) | Non-susceptible (B) | Susceptibility rate (%) | Non-susceptibility rate (%) | |
Ampicillin | 73 | 5 | 93.6 | 6.4 | 28 | 3 | 90.3 | 9.7 |
Clindamycin | 67 | 11 | 85.9 | 14.1 | 29 | 2 | 93.5 | 6.5 |
Ceftriaxone | 62 | 6 | 91.2 | 8.8 | 27 | 4 | 87.1 | 12.9 |
Erythromycin | 57 | 21 | 73.1 | 26.9 | 26 | 5 | 83.9 | 16.1 |
Penicillin | 71 | 7 | 91.0 | 9.0 | 27 | 4 | 87.1 | 12.9 |
Teicoplanin | 74 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
Vancomycin | 66 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
Tested antibiotic | VS isolates in mono-VS peritonitis, no./No. (%) | VS isolates in mixed-VS peritonitis, no./No. (%) |
P
| |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Susceptible | Non-susceptible | Susceptible | Non-susceptible | |||||||||||
Recent antibiotic exposure (A) | Prior peritonitis (B) | Recent antibiotic exposure (C) | Prior peritonitis (D) | Recent antibiotic exposure (E) | Prior peritonitis (F) | Recent antibiotic exposure (G) | Prior peritonitis (H) | A vs. C | B vs. D | E vs. G | F vs. H | A vs. E | B vs. F | |
Ampicillin | 11/73 (15.1) | 37/73 (50.7) | 1/5 (20.0) | 3/5 (60.0) | 3/28 (10.7) | 19/28 (67.9) | 1/3 (33.3) | 3/3 (100.0) | 0.577 | 1.000 | 0.349 | 0.537 | 0.806 | 0.120 |
Clindamycin | 10/67 (15.0) | 34/67 (50.7) | 2/11 (18.2) | 6/11 (54.5) | 4/29 (13.8) | 20/29 (69.0) | 0/2 (0.0) | 2/2 (100.0) | 1.000 | 0.815 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.098 |
Ceftriaxone | 8/62 (13.0) | 30/62 (48.4) | 2/6 (33.3) | 4/6 (66.7) | 1/27 (3.7) | 18/27 (66.7) | 3/4 (75.0) | 4/4 (100.0) | 0.212 | 0.669 | 0.003 | 0.295 | 0.347 | 0.112 |
Erythromycin | 8/57 (14.0) | 27/57 (47.4) | 4/21 (19.0) | 13/21 (61.9) | 3/26 (11.5) | 18/26 (69.2) | 1/5 (20.0) | 4/5 (80.0) | 0.849 | 0.255 | 0.525 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.064 |
Penicillin | 10/71 (14.1) | 36/71 (50.7) | 2/7 (28.6) | 4/7 (57.1) | 3/27 (11.1) | 18/27 (66.7) | 1/4 (25.0) | 4/4 (100.0) | 0.642 | 1.000 | 0.442 | 0.435 | 0.957 | 0.156 |
Teicoplanin | 12/74 (16.2) | 39/74 (52.7) | 0/0 (0.0) | 0/0 (0.0) | 4/29 (13.8) | 22/29 (75.9) | 0/0 (0.0) | 0/0 (0.0) | – | – | – | – | 0.998 | 0.031 |
Vancomycin | 11/66 (16.7) | 33/66 (50.0) | 0/0 (0.0) | 0/0 (0.0) | 4/31 (12.9) | 22/31 (71.0) | 0/0 (0.0) | 0/0 (0.0) | – | – | – | – | 0.860 | 0.052 |
mono-VS peritonitis (n = 78 episodes) | |||
Cure (n = 74) | Relapse (n = 2) | Catheter Removed (n = 2) | |
No recent antibiotic use | 63 | 1 | 2 |
Recent antibiotic use | 11 | 1 | 0 |
mixed-VS peritonitis (n = 31 episodes) | |||
Cure (n = 26) | Relapse (n = 0) | Catheter Removed (n = 5) | |
No recent antibiotic use | 22 | 0 | 5 |
Recent antibiotic use | 4 | 0 | 0 |