Background
Methods
Environmental data
Health insurance data
Data analysis
Results
Normal period a
| Outage period | 10-day lag period | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Person-days | 77563341 | 21479559 | 127184866 | |
Gastroenteritis
| ||||
Outpatient | N | 44590 | 13732 | 77399 |
Rate b
| 57.5 | 63.9 | 60.9 | |
Ratio | 1.0 | 1.11(1.09-1.13)*** | 1.06 (1.05-1.07)*** | |
EICCc
| N | 2021 | 546 | 3404 |
Rate b
| 2.61 | 2.54 | 2.68 | |
Ratio | 1.0 | 0.98 (0.89-1.07) | 1.03 (0.97-1.09) | |
Skin diseases
| ||||
Outpatient | N | 39113 | 12580 | 68181 |
Rate b
| 50.4 | 58.6 | 53.6 | |
Ratio | 1.0 | 1.16(1.14-1.18)*** | 1.06 (1.05-1.08)*** | |
EICCc
| N | 394 | 120 | 628 |
Rate b
| 0.51 | 0.56 | 0.49 | |
Ratio | 1.0 | 1.10 (0.90-1.35) | 0.97 (0.86-1.10) | |
Eye diseases
| ||||
Outpatient | N | 9163 | 2980 | 17102 |
Rate b
| 11.8 | 13.9 | 13.4 | |
Ratio | 1.0 | 1.17(1.13-1.22)*** | 1.14 (1.11-1.17)*** | |
EICCc
| N | 27 | 7 | 52 |
Rate b
| 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.04 | |
Ratio | 1.0 | 0.94 (0.41-2.15) | 1.17 (0.74-1.87) |
Gastroenteritis | Skin disease | Eye disease | |
---|---|---|---|
Period | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) |
Outage
| 1.31 (1.26-1.37)*** | 1.36 (1.30-1.42)*** | 1.34 (1.26-1.44)*** |
10-day lag
| 1.26 (1.23-1.30)*** | 1.30 (1.26-1.33)*** | 1.35 (1.30-1.41)*** |
Normal
| 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
p value a
| <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Outage period (vs. normal period) | 10-day lag period (vs. normal period ) | ||
---|---|---|---|
RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | ||
Gastroenteritis
| |||
Temperature (°C)
|
< 15
| 1.19(1.05-1.34)* | 1.15(1.08-1.23)*** |
15-19 | 1.19(1.10-1.28)*** | 1.10(1.05-1.16)*** | |
20-24
| 1.20(1.12-1.28)*** | 1.24(1.19-1.29)*** | |
25-29
| 1.69(1.56-1.83)*** | 1.61(1.53-1.71)*** | |
30+ | 12.1(6.17-23.7)*** | 11.3(6.10-20.8)*** | |
p for trend | 0.16 | 0.16 | |
Humidity (%)
|
< 67
| 1.31(1.24-1.37)*** | 1.28(1.24-1.32)*** |
67-83
| 1.36(1.23-1.51)*** | 1.21(1.13-1.29)*** | |
84+
| 1.25(1.11-1.41)** | 1.29(1.21-1.38)*** | |
p for trend
| 0.63 | 0.93 | |
Age (years)
|
< 15
| 1.30(1.21-1.40)*** | 1.23(1.17-1.28)*** |
15-64 | 1.32(1.24-1.41)*** | 1.28(1.23-1.33)*** | |
65+
| 1.29(1.18-1.40)*** | 1.26(1.20-1.33)*** | |
p for trend
| 0.79 | 0.59 | |
Education Index
|
0.82-0.84
| 1.38(1.29-1.49)*** | 1.39(1.33-1.46)*** |
0.85+
| 1.30(1.23-1.36)*** | 1.23(1.19-1.26)*** | |
P value
| 0.97 | 0.91 | |
Skin infections
| |||
Temperature(°C)
|
< 15
| 1.14(0.99-1.30) | 1.10(1.02-1.18)* |
15-19 | 1.26(1.16-1.37)*** | 1.23(1.17-1.30)*** | |
20-24
| 1.26(1.17-1.35)*** | 1.26(1.20-1.31)*** | |
25-29
| 1.63(1.50-1.77)*** | 1.52(1.44-1.61)*** | |
30+ | 4.48(2.29-8.78)*** | 5.19(2.94-9.17)*** | |
p for trend
| 0.12 | 0.13 | |
Humidity (%)
|
< 67
| 1.38(1.31-1.45)*** | 1.33(1.29-1.38)*** |
67-83
| 1.31(1.18-1.46)*** | 1.15(1.07-1.24)*** | |
84+
| 1.30(1.14-1.49)*** | 1.38(1.28-1.49)*** | |
p for trend
| 0.26 | 0.87 | |
Age (years)
|
< 15
| 1.43(1.30-1.58)*** | 1.27(1.19-1.35)*** |
15-64 | 1.35(1.26-1.44)*** | 1.30(1.25-1.35)*** | |
65+
| 1.36(1.24-1.48)*** | 1.30(1.23-1.38)*** | |
p for trend
| 0.41 | 0.33 | |
Education Index
|
0.82-0.84
| 1.42(1.31-1.54)*** | 1.44(1.36-1.52)*** |
0.85+
| 1.35(1.28-1.42)*** | 1.26(1.23-1.31)*** | |
p value
| 0.96 | 0.90 | |
Eye infections
| |||
Temperature(°C)
|
< 15
| 1.05(0.81-1.36) | 1.14(1.004-1.30)* |
15-19 | 1.28(1.10-1.48)* | 1.27(1.15-1.39)*** | |
20-24
| 1.10(0.98-1.24) | 1.24(1.16-1.32)*** | |
25-29
| 1.73(1.54-1.94)*** | 1.65(1.52-1.79)*** | |
30+ | 40.3(7.23-224)*** | 18.0(3.56-90.7)** | |
p for trend
| 0.17 | 0.17 | |
Humidity (%)
|
< 67
| 1.33(1.22-1.44)*** | 1.39(1.32-1.46)*** |
67-83
| 1.27(1.07-1.50)* | 1.20(1.08-1.34)** | |
84+
| 1.50(1.20-1.86)** | 1.35(1.18-1.54)*** | |
p for trend
| 0.50 | 0.87 | |
Age (years)
|
< 15
| 1.34(1.17-1.53)*** | 1.38(1.27-1.50)*** |
15-64 | 1.36(1.24-1.49)*** | 1.32(1.24-1.39)*** | |
65+
| 1.27(1.07-1.51)* | 1.48(1.33-1.64)*** | |
p for trend
| 0.47 | 0.58 | |
Education Index
|
0.82-0.84
| 1.41(1.23-1.61)*** | 1.53(1.39-1.67)*** |
0.85+
| 1.31(1.21-1.42)*** | 1.28(1.22-1.34)*** | |
p for trend
| 0.95 | 0.86 |
Normal period | Outage period | 10-day lag period | p value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
Water quality test (day)
| Yes | 339 (22.2) | 94 (25.8) | 456 (22.1) | 0.29 |
No | 1186 (77.8) | 271 (74.2) | 1606 (77.9) | ||
Unqualified rate (%) | 0.18 | 0.69 | 0.66 | 0.31 | |
MPN test (day)
| Yes | 168 (11.0) | 45 (12.3) | 195 (9.46) | 0.13 |
No | 1357 (89.0) | 320 (87.7) | 1867 (90.5) | ||
Unqualified rate (%) | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | 0.38 | |
mean ± sd. | 2.84 (9.84) | 2.16 (5.08) | 2.54 (8.82) | 0.47 |