Background
Methods
Study population
Questionnaire
Statistical analysis
Results
Sociodemographic characteristics of the investigated medical staff in pilot and non-pilot county hospitals
Characteristic | Pilot county hospitals | Non-pilot county hospitals | Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Medical staff (n= 1531) | Percentage (%) | Medical staff (n= 737) | Percentage (%) |
n
| % | |
Gender | ||||||
Male | 552 | 36.05 | 206 | 27.95 | 758 | 33.42 |
Female | 979 | 63.95 | 531 | 72.05 | 1510 | 66.58 |
Age | ||||||
24 and below | 150 | 9.80 | 63 | 8.55 | 213 | 9.39 |
25–34 | 527 | 34.42 | 341 | 46.27 | 868 | 38.27 |
35–44 | 559 | 36.51 | 212 | 28.77 | 771 | 33.99 |
45–54 | 268 | 17.50 | 107 | 14.52 | 375 | 16.53 |
55 and above | 27 | 1.76 | 14 | 1.90 | 41 | 1.81 |
Educational background | ||||||
Technical secondary school and below | 188 | 12.28 | 48 | 6.51 | 236 | 10.41 |
Junior college | 547 | 35.73 | 216 | 29.31 | 763 | 33.64 |
Bachelor’s degree | 737 | 48.14 | 356 | 48.30 | 1093 | 48.19 |
Master’s degree or above | 59 | 3.85 | 117 | 15.88 | 176 | 7.76 |
Position | ||||||
Doctor | 599 | 39.12 | 280 | 37.99 | 879 | 38.76 |
Nurse | 661 | 43.17 | 357 | 48.44 | 1018 | 44.89 |
Medical technician | 271 | 17.70 | 100 | 13.57 | 371 | 16.36 |
Professional title | ||||||
No title | 24 | 1.57 | 11 | 1.49 | 35 | 1.54 |
Junior title | 513 | 33.51 | 333 | 45.18 | 846 | 37.30 |
Middle title | 729 | 47.62 | 265 | 35.96 | 994 | 43.83 |
Senior title | 265 | 17.31 | 128 | 17.37 | 393 | 17.33 |
Years in professional working experience | ||||||
1–5 years | 288 | 18.81 | 196 | 26.59 | 484 | 21.34 |
6–10 years | 214 | 13.98 | 141 | 19.13 | 355 | 15.65 |
11–15 years | 227 | 14.83 | 81 | 10.99 | 308 | 13.58 |
16–20 years | 307 | 20.05 | 135 | 18.32 | 442 | 19.49 |
20 years and above | 495 | 32.33 | 184 | 24.97 | 679 | 29.94 |
City | ||||||
Wuhan city | 220 | 14.37 | 108 | 14.65 | 328 | 14.46 |
Jingzhou city | 218 | 14.24 | 105 | 14.25 | 323 | 14.24 |
Yichang city | 215 | 14.04 | 98 | 13.30 | 313 | 13.80 |
Xiangyang city | 220 | 14.37 | 104 | 14.11 | 324 | 14.29 |
Shiyan city | 219 | 14.30 | 108 | 14.65 | 327 | 14.42 |
Suizhou city | 219 | 14.30 | 105 | 14.25 | 324 | 14.29 |
Jingmen city | 220 | 14.37 | 109 | 14.79 | 329 | 14.51 |
Working situation, job satisfaction, and satisfaction on work-related factors of medical staff in pilot and non-pilot county hospitals
Working situation and satisfaction | Pilot county hospitals (n= 1531) | Non-pilot county hospitals (n= 737) | Total |
χ
2
|
P
| |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n
| % |
n
| % |
n
| % | |||
The number of hours spent at work everyday | ||||||||
8 h and below | 737 | 48.14 | 394 | 53.46 | 1131 | 49.87 | ||
9 h | 407 | 26.58 | 171 | 23.20 | 578 | 25.49 | ||
10 h | 219 | 14.30 | 103 | 13.98 | 322 | 14.20 | ||
11 h | 46 | 3.00 | 14 | 1.90 | 60 | 2.65 | ||
12 h | 37 | 2.42 | 16 | 2.17 | 53 | 2.34 | ||
12 h and above | 85 | 5.55 | 39 | 5.29 | 124 | 5.47 | 7.582 | 0.181 |
The degree of work stress | ||||||||
No pressure | 31 | 2.02 | 168 | 22.80 | 199 | 8.77 | ||
Slight pressure | 411 | 26.85 | 157 | 21.30 | 568 | 25.04 | ||
Moderate pressure | 241 | 15.74 | 150 | 20.35 | 391 | 17.24 | ||
Considerable pressure | 682 | 44.55 | 198 | 26.87 | 880 | 38.80 | ||
Extreme pressure | 166 | 10.84 | 64 | 8.68 | 230 | 10.14 | 299.217 | <0.001 |
Satisfaction on current job | ||||||||
Very satisfied | 136 | 8.88 | 38 | 5.16 | 174 | 7.67 | ||
Satisfied | 564 | 36.84 | 205 | 27.82 | 769 | 33.91 | ||
Moderate | 565 | 36.90 | 313 | 42.47 | 878 | 38.71 | ||
Dissatisfied | 239 | 15.61 | 158 | 21.44 | 397 | 17.50 | ||
Very dissatisfied | 27 | 1.76 | 23 | 3.12 | 50 | 2.20 | 38.744 | <0.001 |
Satisfaction on performance appraisal system | ||||||||
Very satisfied | 34 | 2.22 | 12 | 1.63 | 46 | 2.03 | ||
Satisfied | 475 | 31.03 | 101 | 13.70 | 576 | 25.40 | ||
Moderate | 784 | 51.21 | 404 | 54.82 | 1188 | 52.38 | ||
Dissatisfied | 197 | 12.87 | 180 | 24.42 | 377 | 16.62 | ||
Very dissatisfied | 41 | 2.68 | 40 | 5.43 | 81 | 3.57 | 111.369 | <0.001 |
Satisfaction on concern showed by leaders | ||||||||
Very satisfied | 76 | 4.96 | 11 | 1.49 | 87 | 3.84 | ||
Satisfied | 517 | 33.77 | 134 | 18.18 | 651 | 28.70 | ||
Moderate | 775 | 50.62 | 433 | 58.75 | 1208 | 53.26 | ||
Dissatisfied | 133 | 8.69 | 117 | 15.88 | 250 | 11.02 | ||
Very dissatisfied | 30 | 1.96 | 42 | 5.70 | 72 | 3.17 | 109.148 | <0.001 |
Satisfaction on hospital management | ||||||||
Very satisfied | 77 | 5.03 | 13 | 1.76 | 90 | 3.97 | ||
Satisfied | 608 | 39.71 | 162 | 21.98 | 770 | 33.95 | ||
Moderate | 746 | 48.73 | 417 | 56.58 | 1163 | 51.28 | ||
Dissatisfied | 83 | 5.42 | 118 | 16.01 | 201 | 8.86 | ||
Very dissatisfied | 17 | 1.11 | 27 | 3.66 | 44 | 1.94 | 145.094 | <0.001 |
Satisfaction on compensation packages | ||||||||
Very satisfied | 20 | 1.31 | 8 | 1.09 | 28 | 1.23 | ||
Satisfied | 264 | 17.24 | 40 | 5.43 | 304 | 13.40 | ||
Moderate | 705 | 46.05 | 227 | 30.80 | 932 | 41.09 | ||
Dissatisfied | 460 | 30.05 | 336 | 45.59 | 796 | 35.10 | ||
Very dissatisfied | 82 | 5.36 | 126 | 17.10 | 208 | 9.17 | 189.192 | <0.001 |
Satisfaction on learning and training opportunities | ||||||||
Very satisfied | 34 | 2.22 | 11 | 1.49 | 45 | 1.98 | ||
Satisfied | 246 | 16.07 | 101 | 13.70 | 347 | 15.30 | ||
Moderate | 525 | 34.29 | 252 | 34.19 | 777 | 34.26 | ||
Dissatisfied | 481 | 31.42 | 247 | 33.51 | 728 | 32.10 | ||
Very dissatisfied | 245 | 16.00 | 126 | 17.10 | 371 | 16.36 | 4.193 | 0.38 |
Analysis and determining of the significant factors influencing the job satisfaction of medical staff in pilot county hospitals
Sociodemographic characteristics, working situation, and satisfaction on work-related factors | Job satisfaction of medical staff in pilot county hospitals (n= 1531) |
χ
2
|
P
| |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Very satisfied | Satisfied | Moderate | Dissatisfied | Very dissatisfied | ||||||||
n
| % |
n
| % |
n
| % |
n
| % |
n
| % | |||
Gender | ||||||||||||
Male | 44 | 7.97 | 210 | 38.04 | 196 | 35.51 | 88 | 15.94 | 14 | 2.54 | ||
Female | 92 | 9.40 | 354 | 36.16 | 369 | 37.69 | 151 | 15.42 | 13 | 1.33 | 4.588 | 0.332 |
Age | ||||||||||||
24 and below | 14 | 9.33 | 48 | 32.00 | 65 | 43.33 | 21 | 14.00 | 2 | 1.33 | ||
25–34 | 45 | 8.54 | 169 | 32.07 | 216 | 40.99 | 84 | 15.94 | 13 | 2.47 | ||
35–44 | 40 | 7.16 | 211 | 37.75 | 207 | 37.03 | 93 | 16.64 | 8 | 1.43 | ||
45–54 | 30 | 11.19 | 123 | 45.90 | 75 | 27.99 | 37 | 13.81 | 3 | 1.12 | ||
55 and above | 7 | 25.93 | 13 | 48.15 | 2 | 7.41 | 4 | 14.81 | 1 | 3.70 | 44.291 | <0.001 |
Educational background | ||||||||||||
Technical secondary school and below | 32 | 17.02 | 64 | 34.04 | 61 | 32.45 | 28 | 14.89 | 3 | 1.60 | ||
Junior college | 49 | 8.96 | 210 | 38.39 | 209 | 38.21 | 75 | 13.71 | 4 | 0.73 | ||
Bachelor’s degree | 54 | 7.33 | 278 | 37.72 | 265 | 35.96 | 122 | 16.55 | 18 | 2.44 | ||
Master’s degree or above | 1 | 1.69 | 12 | 20.34 | 30 | 50.85 | 14 | 23.73 | 2 | 3.39 | 39.668 | <0.001 |
Position | ||||||||||||
Doctor | 40 | 6.68 | 208 | 34.72 | 215 | 35.89 | 116 | 19.37 | 20 | 3.34 | ||
Nurse | 58 | 8.77 | 242 | 36.61 | 257 | 38.88 | 98 | 14.83 | 6 | 0.91 | ||
Medical technician | 38 | 14.02 | 114 | 42.07 | 93 | 34.32 | 25 | 9.23 | 1 | 0.37 | 42.361 | <0.001 |
Professional title | ||||||||||||
No title | 3 | 12.50 | 7 | 29.17 | 12 | 50.00 | 2 | 8.33 | 0 | 0.00 | ||
Junior title | 40 | 7.80 | 159 | 30.99 | 216 | 42.11 | 86 | 16.76 | 12 | 2.34 | ||
Middle title | 68 | 9.33 | 288 | 39.51 | 256 | 35.12 | 107 | 14.68 | 10 | 1.37 | ||
Senior title | 25 | 9.43 | 110 | 41.51 | 81 | 30.57 | 44 | 16.60 | 5 | 1.89 | 21.666 | 0.041 |
Years in professional working experience | ||||||||||||
1–5 years | 26 | 9.03 | 81 | 28.13 | 123 | 42.71 | 52 | 18.06 | 6 | 2.08 | ||
6–10 years | 17 | 7.94 | 64 | 29.91 | 91 | 42.52 | 35 | 16.36 | 7 | 3.27 | ||
11–15 years | 13 | 5.73 | 93 | 40.97 | 89 | 39.21 | 30 | 13.22 | 2 | 0.88 | ||
16–20 years | 27 | 8.79 | 111 | 36.16 | 113 | 36.81 | 50 | 16.29 | 6 | 1.95 | ||
20 years and above | 53 | 10.71 | 215 | 43.43 | 149 | 30.10 | 72 | 14.55 | 6 | 1.21 | 38.586 | 0.001 |
City | ||||||||||||
Wuhan city | 17 | 7.73 | 87 | 39.55 | 81 | 36.82 | 33 | 15.00 | 2 | 0.91 | ||
Jingzhou city | 12 | 5.50 | 82 | 37.61 | 84 | 38.53 | 37 | 16.97 | 3 | 1.38 | ||
Yichang city | 20 | 9.30 | 78 | 36.28 | 73 | 33.95 | 40 | 18.60 | 4 | 1.86 | ||
Xiangyang city | 22 | 10.00 | 72 | 32.73 | 89 | 40.45 | 29 | 13.18 | 8 | 3.64 | ||
Shiyan city | 23 | 10.50 | 77 | 35.16 | 78 | 35.62 | 34 | 15.53 | 7 | 3.20 | ||
Suizhou city | 16 | 7.31 | 78 | 35.62 | 86 | 39.27 | 38 | 17.35 | 1 | 0.46 | ||
Jingmen city | 26 | 11.82 | 90 | 40.91 | 74 | 33.64 | 28 | 12.73 | 2 | 0.91 | 27.146 | 0.298 |
The number of hours spent at work everyday | ||||||||||||
8 h and below | 97 | 13.16 | 308 | 41.79 | 260 | 35.28 | 66 | 8.96 | 6 | 0.81 | ||
9 h | 26 | 6.39 | 148 | 36.36 | 155 | 38.08 | 74 | 18.18 | 4 | 0.98 | ||
10 h | 9 | 4.11 | 65 | 29.68 | 84 | 38.36 | 56 | 25.57 | 5 | 2.28 | ||
11 h | 1 | 2.17 | 13 | 28.26 | 23 | 50.00 | 7 | 15.22 | 2 | 4.35 | ||
12 h | 1 | 2.70 | 8 | 21.62 | 17 | 45.95 | 9 | 24.32 | 2 | 5.41 | ||
12 h and above | 2 | 2.35 | 22 | 25.88 | 26 | 30.59 | 27 | 31.76 | 8 | 9.41 | 141.127 | <0.001 |
The degree of work stress | ||||||||||||
No pressure | 14 | 45.16 | 10 | 32.26 | 5 | 16.13 | 2 | 6.45 | 0 | 0.00 | ||
Slight pressure | 56 | 13.63 | 194 | 47.20 | 129 | 31.39 | 27 | 6.57 | 5 | 1.22 | ||
Moderate pressure | 29 | 12.03 | 91 | 37.76 | 96 | 39.83 | 25 | 10.37 | 0 | 0.00 | ||
Considerable pressure | 34 | 4.99 | 225 | 32.99 | 287 | 42.08 | 126 | 18.48 | 10 | 1.47 | ||
Extreme pressure | 3 | 1.81 | 44 | 26.51 | 48 | 28.92 | 59 | 35.54 | 12 | 7.23 | 222.417 | <0.001 |
Satisfaction on performance appraisal system | ||||||||||||
Very satisfied | 22 | 64.71 | 4 | 11.76 | 6 | 17.65 | 1 | 2.94 | 1 | 2.94 | ||
Satisfied | 80 | 16.84 | 257 | 54.11 | 107 | 22.53 | 30 | 6.32 | 1 | 0.21 | ||
Moderate | 28 | 3.57 | 258 | 32.91 | 364 | 46.43 | 126 | 16.07 | 8 | 1.02 | ||
Dissatisfied | 5 | 2.54 | 42 | 21.32 | 74 | 37.56 | 67 | 34.01 | 9 | 4.57 | ||
Very dissatisfied | 1 | 2.44 | 3 | 7.32 | 14 | 34.15 | 15 | 36.59 | 8 | 19.51 | 483.816 | <0.001 |
Satisfaction on concern showed by leaders | ||||||||||||
Very satisfied | 35 | 46.05 | 30 | 39.47 | 9 | 11.84 | 2 | 2.63 | 0 | 0.00 | ||
Satisfied | 79 | 15.28 | 258 | 49.90 | 132 | 25.53 | 47 | 9.09 | 1 | 0.19 | ||
Moderate | 19 | 2.45 | 132 | 17.03 | 363 | 46.84 | 135 | 17.42 | 12 | 1.55 | ||
Dissatisfied | 2 | 1.50 | 47 | 35.34 | 56 | 42.11 | 42 | 31.58 | 8 | 6.02 | ||
Very dissatisfied | 1 | 3.33 | 1 | 3.33 | 5 | 16.67 | 13 | 43.33 | 6 | 20.00 | 427.387 | <0.001 |
Satisfaction on hospital management | ||||||||||||
Very satisfied | 38 | 49.35 | 30 | 38.96 | 9 | 11.69 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | ||
Satisfied | 79 | 12.99 | 311 | 51.15 | 165 | 27.14 | 50 | 8.22 | 3 | 0.49 | ||
Moderate | 17 | 2.28 | 204 | 27.35 | 364 | 48.79 | 148 | 19.84 | 13 | 1.74 | ||
Dissatisfied | 1 | 1.20 | 18 | 21.69 | 25 | 30.12 | 31 | 37.35 | 8 | 9.64 | ||
Very dissatisfied | 1 | 5.88 | 1 | 5.88 | 2 | 11.76 | 10 | 58.82 | 3 | 17.65 | 466.78 | <0.001 |
Satisfaction on compensation packages | ||||||||||||
Very satisfied | 11 | 55.00 | 7 | 35.00 | 1 | 5.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 5.00 | ||
Satisfied | 60 | 22.73 | 139 | 52.65 | 57 | 21.59 | 8 | 3.03 | 0 | 0.00 | ||
Moderate | 39 | 5.53 | 286 | 40.57 | 294 | 41.70 | 81 | 11.49 | 5 | 0.71 | ||
Dissatisfied | 24 | 5.22 | 123 | 26.74 | 186 | 40.43 | 116 | 25.22 | 11 | 2.39 | ||
Very dissatisfied | 2 | 2.44 | 9 | 10.98 | 27 | 32.93 | 34 | 41.46 | 10 | 12.20 | 363.14 | <0.001 |
Satisfaction on learning and training opportunities | ||||||||||||
Very satisfied | 11 | 32.35 | 11 | 32.35 | 10 | 29.41 | 1 | 2.94 | 1 | 2.94 | ||
Satisfied | 42 | 17.07 | 114 | 46.34 | 69 | 28.05 | 20 | 8.13 | 1 | 0.41 | ||
Moderate | 48 | 9.14 | 218 | 41.52 | 178 | 33.90 | 76 | 14.48 | 5 | 0.95 | ||
Dissatisfied | 22 | 4.57 | 147 | 30.56 | 204 | 42.41 | 94 | 19.54 | 14 | 2.91 | ||
Very dissatisfied | 13 | 5.31 | 74 | 30.20 | 104 | 42.45 | 48 | 19.59 | 6 | 2.45 | 112.753 | <0.001 |
Medical staff in pilot county hospitals | Reference category |
B
|
P
| OR | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 24 and below | ||||
25–34 | −0.231 | 0.522 | 0.794 | (0.392–1.610) | |
35–44 | −0.549 | 0.279 | 0.577 | (0.213–1.562) | |
45–54 | −0.603 | 0.309 | 0.547 | (0.171–1.748) | |
55 and above | −0.91 | 0.279 | 0.403 | (0.077–2.093) | |
Position | Medical technician | ||||
Doctor | −0.368 | 0.201 | 0.692 | (0.394–1.216) | |
Nurse | −0.39 | 0.139 | 0.677 | (0.404–1.136) | |
Professional title | No title | ||||
Junior title | −0.249 | 0.719 | 0.779 | (0.201–3.027) | |
Middle title | −0.458 | 0.506 | 0.633 | (0.164–2.437) | |
Senior title | −0.417 | 0.555 | 0.659 | (0.165–2.635) | |
Years in professional working experience | 1–5 years | ||||
6–10 years | 0.36 | 0.242 | 1.434 | (0.784–2.623) | |
11–15 years | 0.72 | 0.054 | 2.055 | (0.989–4.272) | |
16–20 years | 0.601 | 0.200 | 1.823 | (0.728–4.567) | |
20 years and above | 0.559 | 0.280 | 1.748 | (0.635–4.817) | |
Educational background | Technical secondary school and below | ||||
Junior college | 0.344 | 0.228 | 1.411 | (0.806–2.469) | |
Bachelor’s degree | 0.35 | 0.261 | 1.42 | (0.771–2.615) | |
Master’s degree or above | 0.352 | 0.464 | 1.421 | (0.554–3.644) | |
The number of hours spent at work everyday | 8 h and below | ||||
9 h | −0.727 | <0.001 | 0.483 | (0.327–0.713) | |
10 h | −1.01 | <0.001 | 0.364 | (0.230–0.576) | |
11 h and above | −1.083 | <0.001 | 0.339 | (0.202–0.568) | |
The degree of work stress | Great pressure | ||||
No pressure or moderate pressure | 0.869 | <0.001 | 2.384 | (1.666–3.411) | |
Satisfaction on performance appraisal system | Dissatisfied | ||||
Satisfied | 0.808 | <0.001 | 2.243 | (1.504–3.345) | |
Satisfaction on concern showed by leaders | Dissatisfied | ||||
Satisfied | 0.302 | 0.206 | 1.352 | (0.848–2.157) | |
Satisfaction on hospital management | Dissatisfied | ||||
Satisfied | 0.715 | 0.009 | 2.043 | (1.196–3.490) | |
Satisfaction on compensation packages | Dissatisfied | ||||
Satisfied | 1.193 | <0.001 | 3.298 | (2.410–4.513) | |
Satisfaction on learning and training opportunities | Dissatisfied | ||||
Satisfied | 0.366 | 0.024 | 1.442 | (1.050–1.980) |
Understanding and perception of the public hospital reform of medical staff in pilot and non-pilot county hospitals
The understanding and perception of public hospital reform | Pilot county hospitals (n= 1531) | Non-pilot county hospitals (n= 737) | Total |
χ
2
|
P
| |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n
| % |
n
| % |
n
| % | |||
The understanding degree of specific contents of the public hospital reform programme | ||||||||
Fully know | 70 | 4.57 | 14 | 1.90 | 84 | 3.70 | ||
Know a lot | 480 | 31.35 | 177 | 24.02 | 657 | 28.97 | ||
Know some | 484 | 31.61 | 304 | 41.25 | 788 | 34.74 | ||
Know a little | 424 | 27.69 | 201 | 27.27 | 625 | 27.56 | ||
Know nothing | 73 | 4.77 | 41 | 5.56 | 114 | 5.03 | 32.787 | <0.001 |
The perceived level of the reform promotion in this county | ||||||||
Perceive obviously | 770 | 50.29 | 293 | 39.76 | 1063 | 46.87 | ||
Perceive not obviously | 578 | 37.75 | 370 | 50.20 | 948 | 41.80 | ||
Perceive nothing | 46 | 3.00 | 22 | 2.99 | 68 | 3.00 | ||
Have no idea | 137 | 8.95 | 52 | 7.06 | 189 | 8.33 | 32.378 | <0.001 |
The perceived level of changes brought by reform since 2008 | ||||||||
Change obviously | 907 | 59.24 | 231 | 31.34 | 1138 | 50.18 | ||
Change not obviously | 494 | 32.27 | 374 | 50.75 | 868 | 38.27 | ||
Change nothing | 65 | 4.25 | 100 | 13.57 | 165 | 7.28 | ||
Have no idea | 65 | 4.25 | 32 | 4.34 | 97 | 4.28 | 181.017 | <0.001 |
If public hospital reform could solve the problems faced by public hospitals | ||||||||
Solve the main problems | 124 | 8.10 | 38 | 5.16 | 162 | 7.14 | ||
Solve only part of the problems | 1046 | 68.32 | 491 | 66.62 | 1537 | 67.77 | ||
Solve nothing | 136 | 8.88 | 94 | 12.75 | 230 | 10.14 | ||
Have no idea | 225 | 14.70 | 114 | 15.47 | 339 | 14.95 | 13.797 | 0.003 |
If public hospital reform could solve the difficulty in accessibility of medical service | ||||||||
Have obvious effects | 96 | 6.27 | 27 | 3.66 | 123 | 5.42 | ||
Have some effects | 1095 | 71.52 | 469 | 63.64 | 1564 | 68.96 | ||
Have no effect | 175 | 11.43 | 132 | 17.91 | 307 | 13.54 | ||
Have no idea | 165 | 10.78 | 109 | 14.79 | 274 | 12.08 | 32.783 | <0.001 |
If public hospital reform could solve the difficulty in affordability of medical service | ||||||||
Have obvious effects | 111 | 7.25 | 24 | 3.26 | 135 | 5.95 | ||
Have some effects | 1022 | 66.75 | 428 | 58.07 | 1450 | 63.93 | ||
Have no effect | 226 | 14.76 | 175 | 23.74 | 401 | 17.68 | ||
Have no idea | 172 | 11.23 | 110 | 14.93 | 282 | 12.43 | 47.353 | <0.001 |