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Erschienen in: European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery 5/2017

15.10.2015 | Review Article

Wound ballistics 101: the mechanisms of soft tissue wounding by bullets

verfasst von: P. K. Stefanopoulos, D. E. Pinialidis, G. F. Hadjigeorgiou, K. N. Filippakis

Erschienen in: European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery | Ausgabe 5/2017

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Abstract

Purpose

The mechanisms of soft tissue injury by bullets are reviewed, in the belief that the current incidence of firearm injuries in many urban areas necessitates an understanding of wound ballistics on the part of trauma surgeons who may not be familiar with the wounding factors involved.

Methods

Review of the literature, with technical information obtained from appropriate non-medical texts.

Results

Despite numerous publications concerning the treatment of gunshot wounds, relatively few papers contain details on the mechanisms of ballistic trauma, with the main body of evidence derived from previous laboratory and animal studies which have only recently been systematically appraised. These studies have shown that in rifle injuries the main wound tract is surrounded by an area of damaged tissue as a result of the temporary cavitation induced once the bullet becomes destabilized or deformed. On the other hand, the more commonly encountered non-deforming handgun bullets cause damage limited to the bullet’s path, mainly as a result of localized crush injury.

Conclusions

The bullet’s construction and ballistic behavior within tissue determine to what extent the previously overestimated velocity factor may influence wound severity. The damage produced from temporary cavitation depends on the tensile properties of the tissues involved, and in high-energy injuries may lead to progressive muscle tissue necrosis. Therefore, the term “high-energy” should be reserved for those injuries with substantial tissue damage extending beyond the visible wound tract.
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Metadaten
Titel
Wound ballistics 101: the mechanisms of soft tissue wounding by bullets
verfasst von
P. K. Stefanopoulos
D. E. Pinialidis
G. F. Hadjigeorgiou
K. N. Filippakis
Publikationsdatum
15.10.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery / Ausgabe 5/2017
Print ISSN: 1863-9933
Elektronische ISSN: 1863-9941
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-015-0581-1

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