Background
Methods
Patients
Biochemical analyses
Statistical analyses
Results
Clinical and metabolic characteristics of the studied groups
MI < 50 n = 240 | MI ≥50 n = 240 | no-MI < 50 n = 240 | p value | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | c | a vs b | a vs c | |
BMI (mean ± SD) kg/m2 | 28.6 ± 4.4 | 27.6 ± 4.0 | 27.0 ± 4.3 | 0.012 | < 0.001 |
Smoking n (%) | 203 (86.4) | 151 (64.3) | 103 (43.1) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Hypertension n (%) | 132 (55.2) | 162 (68.1) | 70 (29.2) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus n (%) | 36 (15.9) | 80 (34.5) | 2 (0.8) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Depression n (%) | 20 (8.4) | 20 (8.4) | 8 (3.3) | ns | 0.018 |
Total cholesterol (mean ± SD) mg/dL | 210.0 ± 41.5 | 197.7 ± 50.4 | 203.5 ± 45.4 | 0.006 | ns |
LDL (mean ± SD) m/dL | 132.4 ± 39.5 | 124.5 ± 44.6 | 123.3 ± 36.5 | ns | 0.049 |
HDL (mean ± SD) mg/dL | 41.5 ± 12.8 | 46.7 ± 13.9 | 54.1 ± 20.3 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
TG a (median, [25-75th] quartile) mg/dl | 145.5 [104.0–219.0] | 113.0 [79.0–155.0] | 120.0 [80.0–150.0] | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Glucose a (median, [25-75th] quartile) mg/dl | 99.0 [92.5–111.0] | 105 [91.0–127.0] | 93.0 [84.0–97.0] | 0.002 | < 0.001 |
Socioeconomic characteristics of the studied groups
MI < 50 n = 240 | MI ≥50 n = 240 | no-MI < 50 n = 240 | p value | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | c | a vs b | a vs c | |
Education level | |||||
primary | 13 (5.7) | 35 (15.2) | 5 (2.1) | 0.001 | < 0.001 |
vocation | 75 (32.7) | 51 (22.2) | 28 (11.9) | ||
secondary | 90 (39.3) | 102 (44.3) | 104 (44.3) | ||
high | 51 (22.3) | 42 (18.3) | 98 (41.7) | ||
Type of job | |||||
unemployed | 7 (3.2) | 4 (1.8) | 1 (0.4) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
blue collar | 107 (48.4) | 93 (41.3) | 83 (38.1) | ||
white collar | 85 (38.5) | 69 (30.7) | 131 (60.1) | ||
pensioner | 22 (9.9) | 59 (26.2) | 3 (1.4) | ||
Marriage status | |||||
single | 42 (18.5) | 20 (8.6) | 39 (16.7) | < 0.001 | ns |
married | 166 (73.1) | 151 (64.8) | 179 (76.8) | ||
divorced | 9 (4.0) | 9 (3.9) | 12 (5.1) | ||
widowed | 10 (4.4) | 53 (22.7) | 3 (1.3) |
Family history
MI < 50 n = 240 | MI ≥50 n = 240 | no-MI < 50 n = 240 | p value | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | c | a vs b | a vs c | |
Family history of MI/stroke in the first-degree relatives – all; n (%) | 79 (32.9) | 23 (9.6) | 28 (11.7) | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
Family history of MI/stroke in the first-degree relatives – with ≥2 affected; n (%) | 9 (3.7) | 1 (0.4) | 3 (1.2) | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
Family history of MI/stroke in the first- and the second- degree relatives – all; n (%) | 84 (35.9) | 36 (15.6) | 34 (14.2) | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
Family history of MI/stroke in the first- and the second-degree relatives – with ≥2 affected; n (%) | 26 (10.8) | 7 (2.9) | 9 (3.7) | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 |
Number of relatives: | 0 | 1 | ≥2 | 0 vs 1 Delta [95% CI] | 0 vs ≥2 Delta [95% CI] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Family history of premature CVD events | |||||
Patients with first-degree relatives affected years ±SD (n) | 56.6 ± 15.3 (n = 363) | 48.6 ± 11.1 (n = 92) | 41.8 ± 5.9 (n = 10) | 8.0 [4.0–12.0] | 14.8 [4.0–25.7] |
p | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | |||
Patients with first- and second degree relatives affected years ±SD (n) | 56.5 ± 15.3 (n = 344) | 50.7 ± 12.6 (n = 87) | 47.0 ± 10.9 (n = 32) | 5.8 [1.7–9.9] | 9.5 [3.2–15.7] |
p | 0.0003 | < 0.0001 | |||
Family history of CVD events at every age | |||||
Patients with first-degree relatives affected years ±SD (n) | 57.9 ± 15.7 (n = 239) | 51.9 ± 13.5 (n = 184) | 47.9 ± 10.1 (n-40) | 6.0 [2.7–9.3] | 10.0 [4.2–15.8] |
p | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | |||
Patients with first- and second degree relatives affected years ±SD (n) | 58.1 ± 15.7 (n = 201) | 52.5 ± 13.5 (n = 183) | 50.9 ± 13.6 (n = 79) | 5.6 [2.1–9.1] | 7.1 [2.6–11.7] |
p | 0.0002 | 0.0005 |