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25.05.2016 | Zecken | CME

Frühsommermeningoenzephalitis

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. R. Kaiser

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 6/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Die Frühsommermeningoenzephalitis (FSME) ist in Europa und Asien mit jährlich ca. 10.000 Erkrankungsfällen eine der wichtigsten Virusinfektion des zentralen Nervensystems. Das FSME-Virus wird hauptsächlich durch Zecken übertragen, gelegentlich aber auch durch nichtpasteurisierte Ziegenmilch. Da in Endemiegebieten durchschnittlich nur 1–3 % der Zecken mit dem FSME-Virus infiziert sind und die klinische Manifestationsrate bei ca. 33 % liegt, führt nur etwa jeder 100. bis 300. Zeckenstich zur Erkrankung. Die Inkubationszeit variiert zwischen 5 und 28 Tagen, typisch ist ein zweigipfliger Fieberverlauf. Klinisch manifestiert sich die FSME zu ca. 50 % als Meningitis, zu 40 % als Meningoenzephalitis und zu etwa 10 % als Enzephalomyelitis. Die Diagnose wird gesichert durch den gleichzeitigen Nachweis von FSME-spezifischen IgM- und IgG-Antikörpern im Serum sowie zusätzlich bestehender Pleozytose im Liquor. Es existiert keine kausale Therapie, jedoch eine sehr wirksame aktive Impfung gegen FSME.
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Metadaten
Titel
Frühsommermeningoenzephalitis
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. R. Kaiser
Publikationsdatum
25.05.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 6/2016
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-016-0134-9

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