Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Die Pathologie 6/2019

13.10.2019 | Zervixkarzinom | Übersichten

FIGO-Klassifikation für das Zervixkarzinom 2019 – was ist neu?

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. L.-C. Horn, C. E. Brambs, S. Opitz, U. A. Ulrich, A. K. Höhn

Erschienen in: Die Pathologie | Ausgabe 6/2019

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Zahlreiche therapie- und prognoseorientierte Studien zum Zervixkarzinom haben eine Überarbeitung der FIGO-Klassifikation erforderlich gemacht.
Das mikroinvasive Karzinom wird allein durch die Tiefe der Stromainfiltration definiert, die flächige (horizontale) Ausdehnung ist nunmehr irrelevant.
Makroinvasive Karzinome, die auf die Cervix uteri begrenzt sind, werden anhand der Tumorgröße subkategorisiert in: FIGO IB1/T1b1 – zervikale Stromainvasion >5,0 mm und ≤2 cm maximale Tumorgröße, FIGO IB2/T1b2 – Tumorgröße >2 cm und ≤4 cm, FIGO IB3/T1b3 – Tumorgröße >4 cm. Sowohl die pelvinen als auch die paraaortalen Lymphknoten werden als regionäre Lymphknoten definiert. Der Befall pelviner Lymphknoten wird als FIGO IIIC1/pN1a und eine Metastasierung in paraaortale Lymphknoten mit und ohne Beteiligung pelviner Lymphknoten als FIGO IIIC2/pN1b klassifiziert. Der Nachweis einer Corpusinfiltration und eine adnexale/ovarielle Metastasierung sind nicht stagingrelevant.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Al-Kalbani M, McVeigh G, Nagar H et al (2012) Do FIGO stage IA and small (łeq2 cm) IB1 cervical adenocarcinomas have a good prognosis and warrant less radical surgery? Int J Gynecol Cancer 22(2):291–295PubMed Al-Kalbani M, McVeigh G, Nagar H et al (2012) Do FIGO stage IA and small (łeq2 cm) IB1 cervical adenocarcinomas have a good prognosis and warrant less radical surgery? Int J Gynecol Cancer 22(2):291–295PubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Baalbergen A, Molijn AC, Quint WGV et al (2015) Conservative treatment seems the best choice in adenocarcinoma in situ of the cervix uteri. J Low Genit Tract Dis 19(3):239–243PubMed Baalbergen A, Molijn AC, Quint WGV et al (2015) Conservative treatment seems the best choice in adenocarcinoma in situ of the cervix uteri. J Low Genit Tract Dis 19(3):239–243PubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Bentivegna E, Gouy S, Maulard A et al (2016) Oncological outcomes after fertility-sparing surgery for cervical cancer: a systematic review. Lancet Oncol 17(6):e240–e253PubMed Bentivegna E, Gouy S, Maulard A et al (2016) Oncological outcomes after fertility-sparing surgery for cervical cancer: a systematic review. Lancet Oncol 17(6):e240–e253PubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Bhatla N, Aoki D, Sharma DN et al (2018) Cancer of the cervix uteri. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 143(Suppl 2):22–36PubMed Bhatla N, Aoki D, Sharma DN et al (2018) Cancer of the cervix uteri. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 143(Suppl 2):22–36PubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Bhatla N, Berek JS, Cuello Fredes M et al (2019) Revised FIGO staging for carcinoma of the cervix uteri. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 145(1):129–135PubMed Bhatla N, Berek JS, Cuello Fredes M et al (2019) Revised FIGO staging for carcinoma of the cervix uteri. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 145(1):129–135PubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Boyle DP, McCluggage WG (2015) Stratified mucin-producing intraepithelial lesion (SMILE): report of a case series with associated pathological findings. Histopathology 66(5):658–663PubMed Boyle DP, McCluggage WG (2015) Stratified mucin-producing intraepithelial lesion (SMILE): report of a case series with associated pathological findings. Histopathology 66(5):658–663PubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I et al (2018) Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 68(6):394–424PubMed Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I et al (2018) Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 68(6):394–424PubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen J, Wang R, Zhang B et al (2016) Safety of ovarian preservation in women with stage I and II cervical adenocarcinoma: a retrospective study and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 215(4):460.e1 Chen J, Wang R, Zhang B et al (2016) Safety of ovarian preservation in women with stage I and II cervical adenocarcinoma: a retrospective study and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 215(4):460.e1
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Cohen PA, Jhingran A, Oaknin A et al (2019) Cervical cancer. Lancet 393(10167):169–182PubMed Cohen PA, Jhingran A, Oaknin A et al (2019) Cervical cancer. Lancet 393(10167):169–182PubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Del Carmen MG, Pareja R, Melamed A et al (2018) Isolated para-aortic lymph node metastasis in FIGO stage IA2-IB2 carcinoma of the cervix: revisiting the role of surgical assessment. Gynecol Oncol 150(3):406–411PubMed Del Carmen MG, Pareja R, Melamed A et al (2018) Isolated para-aortic lymph node metastasis in FIGO stage IA2-IB2 carcinoma of the cervix: revisiting the role of surgical assessment. Gynecol Oncol 150(3):406–411PubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Delgado G, Bundy B, Zaino R et al (1990) Prospective surgical-pathological study of disease-free interval in patients with stage IB squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol Oncol 38(3):352–357PubMed Delgado G, Bundy B, Zaino R et al (1990) Prospective surgical-pathological study of disease-free interval in patients with stage IB squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol Oncol 38(3):352–357PubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Denny L (2015) Control of cancer of the cervix in low- and middle-income countries. Ann Surg Oncol 22(3):728–733PubMed Denny L (2015) Control of cancer of the cervix in low- and middle-income countries. Ann Surg Oncol 22(3):728–733PubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Guani B, Dorez M, Magaud L et al (2019) Impact of micrometastasis or isolated tumor cells on recurrence and survival in patients with early cervical cancer: SENTICOL trial. Int J Gynecol Cancer 29(3):447–452PubMed Guani B, Dorez M, Magaud L et al (2019) Impact of micrometastasis or isolated tumor cells on recurrence and survival in patients with early cervical cancer: SENTICOL trial. Int J Gynecol Cancer 29(3):447–452PubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Heller PB, Maletano JH, Bundy BN et al (1990) Clinical-pathologic study of stage IIB, III, and IVA carcinoma of the cervix: extended diagnostic evaluation for paraaortic node metastasis—a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol Oncol 38(3):425–430PubMed Heller PB, Maletano JH, Bundy BN et al (1990) Clinical-pathologic study of stage IIB, III, and IVA carcinoma of the cervix: extended diagnostic evaluation for paraaortic node metastasis—a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol Oncol 38(3):425–430PubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Hirschowitz L, Nucci M, Zaino RJ (2013) Problematic issues in the staging of endometrial, cervical and vulval carcinomas. Histopathology 62(1):176–202PubMed Hirschowitz L, Nucci M, Zaino RJ (2013) Problematic issues in the staging of endometrial, cervical and vulval carcinomas. Histopathology 62(1):176–202PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Höckel M, Hentschel B, Horn L‑C (2014) Association between developmental steps in the organogenesis of the uterine cervix and locoregional progression of cervical cancer: a prospective clinicopathological analysis. Lancet Oncol 15(4):445–456PubMed Höckel M, Hentschel B, Horn L‑C (2014) Association between developmental steps in the organogenesis of the uterine cervix and locoregional progression of cervical cancer: a prospective clinicopathological analysis. Lancet Oncol 15(4):445–456PubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Höckel M, Wolf B, Schmidt K, Mende M, Aktas B, Kimmig R et al (2019) Surgical resection based on ontogenetic cancer field theory for cervical cancer: mature results from a single-centre, prospective, observational, cohort study. Lancet Oncol 20(9):1316–1326PubMed Höckel M, Wolf B, Schmidt K, Mende M, Aktas B, Kimmig R et al (2019) Surgical resection based on ontogenetic cancer field theory for cervical cancer: mature results from a single-centre, prospective, observational, cohort study. Lancet Oncol 20(9):1316–1326PubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Horn L‑C, Bilek K, Fischer U et al (2014) A cut-off value of 2 cm in tumor size is of prognostic value in surgically treated FIGO stage IB cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol 134(1):42–46PubMed Horn L‑C, Bilek K, Fischer U et al (2014) A cut-off value of 2 cm in tumor size is of prognostic value in surgically treated FIGO stage IB cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol 134(1):42–46PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Horn L‑C, Brambs CE, Opitz S et al (2019) TNM-Klassifikation gynäkologischer Tumoren: Was bleibt über 2017 hinaus zu tun? Pathologe 40(1):73–79PubMed Horn L‑C, Brambs CE, Opitz S et al (2019) TNM-Klassifikation gynäkologischer Tumoren: Was bleibt über 2017 hinaus zu tun? Pathologe 40(1):73–79PubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Horn LC, Handzel R, Borte G, Siebolts U, Haak A, Brambs CE (2019) Invasive stratified mucin-producing carcinoma (i-SMILE) of the uterine cervix—report of a case series and review of the literature indicating poor prognostic subtype of cervical adenocarcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-019-02991-3 CrossRefPubMed Horn LC, Handzel R, Borte G, Siebolts U, Haak A, Brambs CE (2019) Invasive stratified mucin-producing carcinoma (i-SMILE) of the uterine cervix—report of a case series and review of the literature indicating poor prognostic subtype of cervical adenocarcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s00432-019-02991-3 CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Horn L‑C, Schierle K, Schmidt D et al (2011) Aktuelle TNM/FIGO-Stadieneinteilung für das Zervix- und Endometriumkarzinom sowie maligne Müller-Mischtumoren. Fakten und Hintergründe. Pathologe 32(3):239–243PubMed Horn L‑C, Schierle K, Schmidt D et al (2011) Aktuelle TNM/FIGO-Stadieneinteilung für das Zervix- und Endometriumkarzinom sowie maligne Müller-Mischtumoren. Fakten und Hintergründe. Pathologe 32(3):239–243PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Hu J, Jiao X, Yang Z et al (2017) Should ovaries be removed or not in early-stage cervical adenocarcinoma: a multicenter retrospective study of 105 patients. J Obstet Gynaecol 37(8):1065–1069PubMed Hu J, Jiao X, Yang Z et al (2017) Should ovaries be removed or not in early-stage cervical adenocarcinoma: a multicenter retrospective study of 105 patients. J Obstet Gynaecol 37(8):1065–1069PubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Jiang Y, Chen C, Li L (2017) Comparison of cold-knife conization versus loop electrosurgical excision for cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (ACIS): a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 12(1):e170587PubMedCentralPubMed Jiang Y, Chen C, Li L (2017) Comparison of cold-knife conization versus loop electrosurgical excision for cervical adenocarcinoma in situ (ACIS): a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 12(1):e170587PubMedCentralPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Jolly S, Uppal S, Bhatla N et al (2018) Improving global outcomes in cervical cancer: The time has come for international federation of gynecology and obstetrics staging to formally incorporate advanced imaging. J Glob Oncol 4:1–6PubMed Jolly S, Uppal S, Bhatla N et al (2018) Improving global outcomes in cervical cancer: The time has come for international federation of gynecology and obstetrics staging to formally incorporate advanced imaging. J Glob Oncol 4:1–6PubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Kodama J, Fukushima C, Kusumoto T et al (2013) Stage IB1 cervical cancer patients with an MRI-measured tumor size < or = 2 cm might be candidates for less-radical surgery. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 34(1):39–41PubMed Kodama J, Fukushima C, Kusumoto T et al (2013) Stage IB1 cervical cancer patients with an MRI-measured tumor size < or = 2 cm might be candidates for less-radical surgery. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 34(1):39–41PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Kodama J, Kusumoto T, Nakamura K et al (2011) Factors associated with parametrial involvement in stage IB1 cervical cancer and identification of patients suitable for less radical surgery. Gynecol Oncol 122(3):491–494PubMed Kodama J, Kusumoto T, Nakamura K et al (2011) Factors associated with parametrial involvement in stage IB1 cervical cancer and identification of patients suitable for less radical surgery. Gynecol Oncol 122(3):491–494PubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Landoni F, Zanagnolo V, Lovato-Diaz L et al (2007) Ovarian metastases in early-stage cervical cancer (IA2-IIA): a multicenter retrospective study of 1965 patients (a Cooperative Task Force study). Int J Gynecol Cancer 17(3):623–628PubMed Landoni F, Zanagnolo V, Lovato-Diaz L et al (2007) Ovarian metastases in early-stage cervical cancer (IA2-IIA): a multicenter retrospective study of 1965 patients (a Cooperative Task Force study). Int J Gynecol Cancer 17(3):623–628PubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat McCluggage WG, Judge MJ, Alvarado-Cabrero I et al (2018) Data set for the reporting of carcinomas of the cervix: recommendations from the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR). Int J Gynecol Pathol 37(3):205–228PubMed McCluggage WG, Judge MJ, Alvarado-Cabrero I et al (2018) Data set for the reporting of carcinomas of the cervix: recommendations from the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR). Int J Gynecol Pathol 37(3):205–228PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Narayan K, Fisher RJ, Bernshaw D et al (2009) Patterns of failure and prognostic factor analyses in locally advanced cervical cancer patients staged by positron emission tomography and treated with curative intent. Int J Gynecol Cancer 19(5):912–918PubMed Narayan K, Fisher RJ, Bernshaw D et al (2009) Patterns of failure and prognostic factor analyses in locally advanced cervical cancer patients staged by positron emission tomography and treated with curative intent. Int J Gynecol Cancer 19(5):912–918PubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Nucci MR, Crum CP (2007) Redefining early cervical neoplasia: recent progress. Adv Anat Pathol 14(1):1–10PubMed Nucci MR, Crum CP (2007) Redefining early cervical neoplasia: recent progress. Adv Anat Pathol 14(1):1–10PubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Park JJ, Sun D, Quade BJ et al (2000) Stratified mucin-producing intraepithelial lesions of the cervix: adenosquamous or columnar cell neoplasia? Am J Surg Pathol 24(10):1414–1419PubMed Park JJ, Sun D, Quade BJ et al (2000) Stratified mucin-producing intraepithelial lesions of the cervix: adenosquamous or columnar cell neoplasia? Am J Surg Pathol 24(10):1414–1419PubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Pecorelli S (2009) Revised FIGO staging for carcinoma of the vulva, cervix, and endometrium. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 105(2):103–104PubMed Pecorelli S (2009) Revised FIGO staging for carcinoma of the vulva, cervix, and endometrium. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 105(2):103–104PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Schneider A, Erdemoglu E, Chiantera V et al (2012) Clinical recommendation radical trachelectomy for fertility preservation in patients with early-stage cervical cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 22(4):659–666PubMed Schneider A, Erdemoglu E, Chiantera V et al (2012) Clinical recommendation radical trachelectomy for fertility preservation in patients with early-stage cervical cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 22(4):659–666PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Shimada M, Kigawa J, Nishimura R et al (2006) Ovarian metastasis in carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Gynecol Oncol 101(2):234–237PubMed Shimada M, Kigawa J, Nishimura R et al (2006) Ovarian metastasis in carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Gynecol Oncol 101(2):234–237PubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Singh N, Arif S (2004) Histopathologic parameters of prognosis in cervical cancer—a review. Int J Gynecol Cancer 14(5):741–750PubMed Singh N, Arif S (2004) Histopathologic parameters of prognosis in cervical cancer—a review. Int J Gynecol Cancer 14(5):741–750PubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Singh N, Gilks CB (2017) The changing landscape of gynaecological cancer diagnosis: implications for histopathological practice in the 21st century. Histopathology 70(1):56–69PubMed Singh N, Gilks CB (2017) The changing landscape of gynaecological cancer diagnosis: implications for histopathological practice in the 21st century. Histopathology 70(1):56–69PubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Smits RM, Zusterzeel PLM, Bekkers RLM (2014) Pretreatment retroperitoneal para-aortic lymph node staging in advanced cervical cancer: a review. Int J Gynecol Cancer 24(6):973–983PubMed Smits RM, Zusterzeel PLM, Bekkers RLM (2014) Pretreatment retroperitoneal para-aortic lymph node staging in advanced cervical cancer: a review. Int J Gynecol Cancer 24(6):973–983PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Stoler M, Bergeron C, Colgan TJ, Ferency AS, Herrington CS, Kim KR, Loening T, Schneider A, Sherman ME, Wilbur DC, Wright T (2014) Squamous cell tumors of the uterine cervix and its precursors. In: Kurman RJ, Carcangiou ML, Herrington S, Young RH (Hrsg) WHO classification of tumours of female reproductive organs. IARC Press, Lyon, S 172–182 Stoler M, Bergeron C, Colgan TJ, Ferency AS, Herrington CS, Kim KR, Loening T, Schneider A, Sherman ME, Wilbur DC, Wright T (2014) Squamous cell tumors of the uterine cervix and its precursors. In: Kurman RJ, Carcangiou ML, Herrington S, Young RH (Hrsg) WHO classification of tumours of female reproductive organs. IARC Press, Lyon, S 172–182
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Touhami O, Omar T, Plante M et al (2015) Should ovaries be removed or not in (early-stage) adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix: a review. Gynecol Oncol 136(2):384–388PubMed Touhami O, Omar T, Plante M et al (2015) Should ovaries be removed or not in (early-stage) adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix: a review. Gynecol Oncol 136(2):384–388PubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Vandeperre A, van Limbergen E, Leunen K et al (2015) Para-aortic lymph node metastases in locally advanced cervical cancer: comparison between surgical staging and imaging. Gynecol Oncol 138(2):299–303PubMed Vandeperre A, van Limbergen E, Leunen K et al (2015) Para-aortic lymph node metastases in locally advanced cervical cancer: comparison between surgical staging and imaging. Gynecol Oncol 138(2):299–303PubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilbur DC, Colgan TJ, Ferenczy AS, Hirschowitz L, Löning T, McCluggage WG, MIkami Y, Park KJ, Ronnett BM, Schneider A, Soslow R, Wells M, Wright T (2014) Glandular tumours and precursors of the uterine cervix. In: Kurman RJ, Carcangiu ML, Herrington CS, Young RH (Hrsg) WHO classification of tumours of female reproductive tract. IARC Press, Lyon, S 183–194 Wilbur DC, Colgan TJ, Ferenczy AS, Hirschowitz L, Löning T, McCluggage WG, MIkami Y, Park KJ, Ronnett BM, Schneider A, Soslow R, Wells M, Wright T (2014) Glandular tumours and precursors of the uterine cervix. In: Kurman RJ, Carcangiu ML, Herrington CS, Young RH (Hrsg) WHO classification of tumours of female reproductive tract. IARC Press, Lyon, S 183–194
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Wittekind C (2017) Zervixkarzinom. TNM-Klassifikation maligner Tumoren. Wiley, Weinheim, S 216–221 Wittekind C (2017) Zervixkarzinom. TNM-Klassifikation maligner Tumoren. Wiley, Weinheim, S 216–221
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Wagner AE, Pappas L, Ghia AJ et al (2013) Impact of tumor size on survival in cancer of the cervix and validation of stage IIA1 and IIA2 subdivisions. Gynecol Oncol 129(3):517–521PubMed Wagner AE, Pappas L, Ghia AJ et al (2013) Impact of tumor size on survival in cancer of the cervix and validation of stage IIA1 and IIA2 subdivisions. Gynecol Oncol 129(3):517–521PubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Wuntakal R, Papadopoulos AJ, Montalto SA et al (2015) Location of sentinel lymph node in cervical carcinoma and factors associated with unilateral detection. Int J Gynecol Cancer 25(9):1663–1668PubMed Wuntakal R, Papadopoulos AJ, Montalto SA et al (2015) Location of sentinel lymph node in cervical carcinoma and factors associated with unilateral detection. Int J Gynecol Cancer 25(9):1663–1668PubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang Q, Li W, Kanis MJ et al (2017) Oncologic and obstetrical outcomes with fertility-sparing treatment of cervical cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 8(28):46580–46592PubMedCentralPubMed Zhang Q, Li W, Kanis MJ et al (2017) Oncologic and obstetrical outcomes with fertility-sparing treatment of cervical cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 8(28):46580–46592PubMedCentralPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
FIGO-Klassifikation für das Zervixkarzinom 2019 – was ist neu?
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. L.-C. Horn
C. E. Brambs
S. Opitz
U. A. Ulrich
A. K. Höhn
Publikationsdatum
13.10.2019
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Pathologie / Ausgabe 6/2019
Print ISSN: 2731-7188
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7196
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00292-019-00675-w

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2019

Die Pathologie 6/2019 Zur Ausgabe

Einführung zum Thema

Seltene Erkrankungen

Mitteilungen der IAP

Mitteilungen der IAP

Schwerpunkt: Seltene Erkrankungen

Ein Update zum Li-Fraumeni-Syndrom

Update Onkologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.